Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens最新文献_第2页

Taxa Richness Differences in European Zoos between 1959 and 2016: Establishment Period and the Iron Curtain Matter 1959 年至 2016 年欧洲动物园物种丰富度的差异：建立时期和铁幕的影响

Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.3390/jzbg4040053

Lukáš Nekolný, Irena Schneiderová

{"title":"Taxa Richness Differences in European Zoos between 1959 and 2016: Establishment Period and the Iron Curtain Matter","authors":"Lukáš Nekolný, Irena Schneiderová","doi":"10.3390/jzbg4040053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg4040053","url":null,"abstract":"Zoos represent a social construct, whose form is influenced by societal development. During the 20th and at the beginning of the 21st century, they have been transformed from assembled collections to internationally managed insurance (ex situ) populations, and these transformations required some changes in taxa numbers and composition. Previous studies have already identified the trend of reducing the number of taxa kept in zoos worldwide. The aim of the present study is to verify this trend in Europe in more detail and therefore to identify the changes in taxa richness and mammalian taxa richness from 1959 to 2016 in the same set of 67 European zoos while considering their opening period (before 1900 and 1900–1960) and location with respect to the former Iron Curtain (Eastern vs. Western Bloc). There was no significant decrease in taxa richness; on the contrary, there was a significant increase in taxa richness for the former Eastern Bloc zoos. There was a significant decrease in mammalian taxa richness for zoos opened before 1900 and those of the former Western Bloc. These results demonstrate that mammalian taxa have declined in numbers to some extent and that the decline mostly concerns older zoos and those that have historically reached a different stage of development. This suggests that European zoos have not been subject to trends uniformly and should apply different and appropriate strategies when facing future (not only conservation) challenges.","PeriodicalId":228608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139217539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Iconic Philippine Coral Reef at Steinhart Aquarium: The Husbandry, Welfare, Behavior, and Veterinary Care Considerations of a Large Multi-Taxa Living Coral Reef System 斯坦哈特水族馆的标志性菲律宾珊瑚礁：大型多物种活珊瑚礁系统的饲养、福利、行为和兽医护理考虑因素

Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.3390/jzbg4040052

Lana Krol, Brenda Melton, J. C. Delbeek, Freeland H. Dunker, Bart Shepherd

{"title":"The Iconic Philippine Coral Reef at Steinhart Aquarium: The Husbandry, Welfare, Behavior, and Veterinary Care Considerations of a Large Multi-Taxa Living Coral Reef System","authors":"Lana Krol, Brenda Melton, J. C. Delbeek, Freeland H. Dunker, Bart Shepherd","doi":"10.3390/jzbg4040052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg4040052","url":null,"abstract":"In 2008, Steinhart Aquarium at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, CA, USA, unveiled a brand new facility with the 212,000 gallon Philippine Coral Reef habitat as its iconic centerpiece. Designing and managing a system that consists of a living reef this large, with associated invertebrates and teleosts, has been a challenge for the aquarium’s husbandry and veterinary teams. Establishing appropriate lighting, water quality, and flow has required a scientific approach and resulting adjustments to the original habitat design. The medical management of reef species has required an in-habitat approach as well as trial-and-error therapeutics. Determining the criteria for assessing the welfare of corals and other tank inhabitants has been a shifting process that has heavily utilized photography-tracked changes and other quantitative parameters as baselines. This report details the successes and limitations of establishing the environmental and veterinary management of this mesocosm. The consideration of interplay between species is discussed, and recommendations for monitoring welfare both on an individual and tank level are made. Making adjustments for the benefit of the exhibit and its animals is key for the unique aquarium displays that comprise captive coral reef systems.","PeriodicalId":228608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens","volume":"280 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139233040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Severe Parasite Co-Infection in a Captive Bactrian Camel: Case Report 圈养双峰驼严重寄生虫合并感染病例报告

Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens Pub Date : 2023-11-11 DOI: 10.3390/jzbg4040051

Mariana Panayotova-Pencheva, Francisco Ponce-Gordo

{"title":"Severe Parasite Co-Infection in a Captive Bactrian Camel: Case Report","authors":"Mariana Panayotova-Pencheva, Francisco Ponce-Gordo","doi":"10.3390/jzbg4040051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg4040051","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to document a case of parasite co-infection in a captive Bactrian camel and to supply morphometric data of the found pathogens. It concerned a 20-year-old male animal inhabiting Sofia Zoo, Bulgaria. A decreased appetite and gastrointestinal disorders were observed in it during the summer of 2022. Improvement in the animal’s condition was achieved after the administration of antibiotics, sulfonamides, and other symptomatic medicines. However, two weeks after treatment, clinical symptoms reappeared. Then, a diarrheal fecal sample from the animal was subjected to parasitological examination by direct smear and flotation and sedimentation techniques. Multiple infections by helminths (Trichostrongylus sp., Haemonchus sp., Oesophagostomum sp., Trichuris sp., and Dicrocoelium sp.), ciliates (Buxtonella cameli), and protozoa (Eimeria cameli) were found, with E. cameli being reported for the first time in zoo conditions. Deworming led to the recovery of the general condition and appearance of the animal’s feces, but two weeks later, it died suddenly. We considered that the parasitic infection was not the direct cause of the fatal outcome, and its presence, other health disorders, and the advanced age of the animal were among the contributing factors. This case reveals the need to combine planned preventive deworming with routine parasitological diagnostics to take timely and targeted actions to protect the health of animals inhabiting zoo facilities.","PeriodicalId":228608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens","volume":"39 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135086872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vocal Cues to Assess Arousal State of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops spp.) Involved in Public Presentations 用声音线索评估参与公开演讲的宽吻海豚(Tursiops)的唤醒状态

Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.3390/jzbg4040050

Rachel Probert, Bridget S. James, Simon H. Elwen, Tess Gridley

{"title":"Vocal Cues to Assess Arousal State of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops spp.) Involved in Public Presentations","authors":"Rachel Probert, Bridget S. James, Simon H. Elwen, Tess Gridley","doi":"10.3390/jzbg4040050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg4040050","url":null,"abstract":"Emotions in animals may be expressed by arousal and understanding this often relies upon the monitoring of their behaviour. Under human care, animals’ arousal states may be linked to husbandry decisions, whereby animals may display arousal responses to scheduled events such as feeding and human interaction. Here, we investigate vocal correlates of arousal associated with public presentations of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) in human care by comparing vocal production rates and characteristics between high and low arousal contexts. Elevated arousal during the day compared with overnight was characterised by increased signature and non-signature whistle production. High intensity broadband crack vocalisations were produced less than whistles during the day and did not correlate with increased arousal around presentation times. Three of ten dolphins increased signature whistle production before and/or after presentation sessions, indicating elevated arousal and variation in individual responses. Many individuals elevated minimum frequency and suppressed maximum frequency of signature whistles in a way that correlated with higher arousal contexts, indicating that these may therefore be good indicators of changes in arousal state. Overall, our study demonstrates that passive acoustic monitoring can provide a useful indication of arousal linked to husbandry decisions, and that individual variation in vocal responses, likely linked to personality, is important to consider.","PeriodicalId":228608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens","volume":" January","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Bibliometric Analysis of Studies on Plant Endemism during the Period of 1991–2022 1991-2022年植物地域性研究的文献计量学分析

Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.3390/jzbg4040049

Zishan Ahmad Wani, Fareeda Akhter, Qamer Ridwan, Yashwant S. Rawat, Zeeshan Ahmad, Shreekar Pant

{"title":"A Bibliometric Analysis of Studies on Plant Endemism during the Period of 1991–2022","authors":"Zishan Ahmad Wani, Fareeda Akhter, Qamer Ridwan, Yashwant S. Rawat, Zeeshan Ahmad, Shreekar Pant","doi":"10.3390/jzbg4040049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg4040049","url":null,"abstract":"A bibliometric analysis of 349 scholarly documents published on the topic plant nativity and endemism from 1991–2022 was carried out using the ‘bibliometrix’ tool, developed through the R programming language. The results revealed a significant increase in the number of publications on plant nativity and endemism research since 1991. Of the total of 349 documents that were analyzed, 38 are single authored documents, and the average number of documents per author is 0.278. Each document has received an average of 33.67 citations, with 3.18 citations per year per document. The relationship between the number of authors and the number of articles that they have published follows a power-law distribution. Based on Bradford’s law, only eight were found to be the core sources. Mexico, followed by the USA, has produced the highest number of documents on plant nativity and endemism. The present study suggests that it is necessary to categorize data on endemism by floristic provinces, not by political subdivisions. Synecological studies are also needed, since endemic plants exist within communities. Models that accurately predict levels of endemism on the basis of easily measurable environmental variables should be useful for the rapid identification of endemic-rich areas. Recognition of the importance of plant endemism and the implementation of conservation measures is crucial for preserving biodiversity hotspots. Both in situ and ex situ conservation efforts are essential for protecting endemic species and preventing their extinction. By integrating these approaches, we can contribute to the long-term conservation and management of endemic plant species.","PeriodicalId":228608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens","volume":"341 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135393284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying Offspring Sex Ratio Skews in Zoological Facilities Using Large Historical Datasets 利用大型历史数据集识别动物设施的后代性别比例偏差

Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.3390/jzbg4040048

Julia M. Machado, Lance J. Miller

{"title":"Identifying Offspring Sex Ratio Skews in Zoological Facilities Using Large Historical Datasets","authors":"Julia M. Machado, Lance J. Miller","doi":"10.3390/jzbg4040048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg4040048","url":null,"abstract":"The Fisher principle states that species should produce offspring at a ratio of 1:1 unless there are sex-specific differences in rearing costs. Research conducted across taxa has found that animals will vary the sex ratio of their offspring so as to maximize personal fitness in response to various ecological and biological variables. This phenomenon has been especially well studied within the Avian class. Professionally managed populations provide a useful framework within which to study the impacts of numerous variables on sex allocation strategies. Zoological facilities may be especially motivated to investigate this phenomenon due to corresponding conservation and welfare implications. We analyzed a large dataset containing the demographic data of over 1 million zoo-housed birds for species-specific offspring sex ratio biases. The offspring sex ratios of 19,867 zoo-hatched dams were calculated, and the median offspring sex ratio of 277 species from 25 orders was calculated across two 20-year time periods. We used a Wilcoxon signed rank tests with a Holm Bonferroni alpha criterion in order to determine if species medians differed from parity. Only one species in one time period displayed a significant species median offspring sex ratio. The limits of our dataset are discussed. We propose that future research should further explore the determinants of sex allocation strategies for species held within zoological facilities.","PeriodicalId":228608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens","volume":"10 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Twenty Years of Managed Epilepsy for a Stranded Male Guadalupe Fur Seal (Arctocephalus townsendi) Secondary to Suspect Domoic Acid Toxicosis 一只搁浅雄性瓜达卢佩毛海豹(Arctocephalus townsendi)继发于可疑软骨藻酸中毒的二十年癫痫管理

Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.3390/jzbg4040047

Todd L. Schmitt, Judy St. Leger, Ben A. Inglis, Isabella Michal, Nancy Stedman, Hendrik H. Nollens, Sophie Dennison-Gibby, Kelsey Herrick, Elsburgh O. Clarke, Alexandra Mena, Peter F. Cook

{"title":"Twenty Years of Managed Epilepsy for a Stranded Male Guadalupe Fur Seal (Arctocephalus townsendi) Secondary to Suspect Domoic Acid Toxicosis","authors":"Todd L. Schmitt, Judy St. Leger, Ben A. Inglis, Isabella Michal, Nancy Stedman, Hendrik H. Nollens, Sophie Dennison-Gibby, Kelsey Herrick, Elsburgh O. Clarke, Alexandra Mena, Peter F. Cook","doi":"10.3390/jzbg4040047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg4040047","url":null,"abstract":"Many wild otariids (sea lions and fur seals) strand along the California coast annually with seizures following presumed exposure to harmful algal blooms (HABs). This is a long-term case study of a stranded subadult male Guadalupe fur seal (Arctocephalus townsendi) that stranded in 2001 and within days after admission began demonstrating seizure activity. The epilepsy was stabilized with antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy and advanced imaging was performed. Magnetic resonance (MR) scans showed signs of encephalopathy consistent with domoic acid (DA) toxicosis. This fur seal was deemed “non-releasable” and over the following 19 years, he received supportive veterinary care and AED treatment at a permitted facility. In the summer of 2020, the fur seal showed progressive behavioral and functional deterioration whereupon humane euthanasia was performed. Post-mortem MR and diffusion tensor images (DTI) were acquired. A volumetric comparison with historic scans showed evidence of severe progressive unilateral right hippocampal atrophy. Histopathology confirmed severe chronic right and mild left hippocampal atrophy. The progressive degenerative brain changes demonstrate how adaptive brain function can be with neuronal atrophy secondary to DA exposure. This case highlights some considerations and decision-making processes needed for the rehabilitation and placement of wild stranded otariids with acquired epilepsy secondary to DA toxicity.","PeriodicalId":228608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens","volume":"75 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135809511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Evolution of Zoos as Conservation Institutions: A Summary of the Transition from Menageries to Zoological Gardens and Parallel Improvement of Mammalian Welfare Management 动物园作为保护机构的演变:从动物园到动物园的过渡与哺乳动物福利管理的并行改进综述

Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.3390/jzbg4040046

Haley N. Beer, Trenton C. Shrader, Ty B. Schmidt, Dustin T. Yates

{"title":"The Evolution of Zoos as Conservation Institutions: A Summary of the Transition from Menageries to Zoological Gardens and Parallel Improvement of Mammalian Welfare Management","authors":"Haley N. Beer, Trenton C. Shrader, Ty B. Schmidt, Dustin T. Yates","doi":"10.3390/jzbg4040046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg4040046","url":null,"abstract":"Zoological institutions, which were once exclusively for entertainment, are now leaders of wildlife conservation. This centuries-long transition was punctuated by key milestones that reformed wild animal exploitation into a mission of protection. Modern zoos perform ex situ activities to preserve natural resources, which are enabled by the housing of wild species. Zoo-managed animals facilitate new scientific knowledge, public education, and strategic breeding to maintain genetic diversity. Prioritizing animal welfare management is a key advancement for modern zoos, as it lessens stress and improves quality of life. Environments enriched with sensory stimuli promote naturalistic behaviors and provide opportunities for instinctual activities like foraging and hunting. This increases resiliency by reducing stress and boredom. However, such approaches only benefit welfare when appropriately matched to the animal. Behavioral responses to environmental cues reflect how animals experience their environment, and properly documenting them informs management decisions. Other modern advancements include enclosure designs, research initiatives, public education programs, species-specific staff training, and collaborative population management among zoos. This review chronicles the milestones that shaped the role of modern zoological institutions in species and habitat preservation. It also discusses opportunities for the continued evolution of welfare management practices, which is fundamental information for zoo employees and stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":228608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136060015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Distribution and Management of the Invasive Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae) at the Foot of a Protected Area in Luzon Island, Philippines 菲律宾吕宋岛保护区脚下入侵大叶甜菊的分布与管理

Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.3390/jzbg4030045

Ericson Esquibel Coracero

{"title":"Distribution and Management of the Invasive Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae) at the Foot of a Protected Area in Luzon Island, Philippines","authors":"Ericson Esquibel Coracero","doi":"10.3390/jzbg4030045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg4030045","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive alien plant species (IAPS) pose one of the most significant threats to native biodiversity. Swietenia macrophylla, or big leaf mahogany, is among the most threatening invasive plants in the Philippines. This article aimed to formally document the presence of S. macrophylla along the edges of Mt. Banahaw de Nagcarlan, a protected area on Luzon Island, Philippines. The study also sought to identify the management strategies being implemented by various government institutions to address big leaf mahogany and other invasive plants. A total of 1591 individuals of S. macrophylla were documented in mixed land-use areas and roadsides. These were found to have been introduced by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources in 1991 as a reforestation species. Fortunately, no individuals were observed beyond the buffer zone towards the protected area. The identification of management strategies for big leaf mahogany and other IAPS revealed that there is no established approach specifically addressing the presence of S. macrophylla at the site. However, some institutions advocate for the conservation of native plants through tree planting activities and educational campaigns. Furthermore, no collaborative efforts were observed among stakeholders and institutions. The results of this study highlight the urgent need to manage the S. macrophylla population. Planning and enforcement of strategies require collaborative efforts among stakeholders to prevent its entry into the protected area and ensure the preservation of native biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":228608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136373251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Allostatic Load Index Effectively Measures Chronic Stress Status in Zoo-Housed Giraffes 适应负荷指数能有效测量圈养长颈鹿的慢性应激状态

Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens Pub Date : 2023-09-19 DOI: 10.3390/jzbg4030044

Haley N. Beer, Lisa K. Karr, Trenton C. Shrader, Dustin T. Yates

{"title":"Allostatic Load Index Effectively Measures Chronic Stress Status in Zoo-Housed Giraffes","authors":"Haley N. Beer, Lisa K. Karr, Trenton C. Shrader, Dustin T. Yates","doi":"10.3390/jzbg4030044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg4030044","url":null,"abstract":"For giraffes, few standardized methods exist for quantifying chronic stress. Allostatic load index is quantified from a panel of multi-system stress biomarkers to estimate cumulative stress. Our objective was to determine whether a panel of biomarkers selected for their role in allostatic load would reflect the number of documented stress events experienced by giraffes. Cortisol, DHEA-S, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and fructosamine were determined in serum samples from zoo-housed giraffes (n = 18). These were correlated with the overall number and frequency of ZIMS-documented stress events experienced prior to blood collection. We also compared giraffes grouped by high vs. low total stress events and event frequencies. Giraffes experiencing higher total stress events tended to have 1.65-fold greater (p < 0.10) serum cortisol, had 1.49-fold greater (p < 0.05) serum fructosamine, and had 3.9-fold greater (p < 0.05) allostatic load. Giraffes experiencing higher stress-event frequency had 2.4-fold greater (p < 0.05) serum NEFA. Correlations for individual biomarkers with individual stress event categories were inconsistent, but DHEA-S (r = −0.44), cortisol/DHEA-S (r = 0.49), fructosamine (r = 0.54), and allostatic load (r = 0.49) correlated (p < 0.10) with total stress events. These findings indicate that the allostatic load index robustly reflected total cumulative stress events for these giraffes and was more consistent than the individual biomarkers used for its calculation. We conclude that allostatic load index is a promising tool for assessing stress in captive giraffes, although revision of the biomarker panel is warranted.","PeriodicalId":228608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135063513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0