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A Sodium Bicarbonate Dosing Methodology for pH Management in Freshwater-Recirculating Aquaculture Systems 淡水循环水养殖系统pH管理的碳酸氢钠投加方法
The Progressive Fish-culturist Pub Date : 1997-07-01 DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0198:ASBDMF>2.3.CO;2
J. Loyless, Ronald F. Malone
{"title":"A Sodium Bicarbonate Dosing Methodology for pH Management in Freshwater-Recirculating Aquaculture Systems","authors":"J. Loyless, Ronald F. Malone","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0198:ASBDMF>2.3.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0198:ASBDMF>2.3.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract High-density water-recirculating aquaculture systems with hydraulic retention times above about 5 d must be monitored for alkalinity, and in the vast majority of cases, the alkalinity must be adjusted upwards to assure maintenance of desirable pH levels. Sodium bicarbonate is the preferred additive for increasing alkalinity because it is inexpensive, dissolves rapidly, and is safe for both personnel and fish. The high rate of carbon dioxide production in such systems requires significant stripping capabilities and dictates the appropriate alkalinity concentrations in this CO2-enriched environment. The methodology presented for alkalinity adjustment uses measurements of pH and alkalinity to obtain an estimate of the system CO2 level, which, in turn, is used to define the alkalinity concentration required to reach a targeted pH. A dosage table facilitates determination of the amount (g) of sodium bicarbonate to be added to reach the targeted pH for a variety of system sizes. The charts, which are d...","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"57 1","pages":"198-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86796655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 52
Comparative Evaluations of Rice and a sorghum–sudangrass Hybrid as Crawfish Forage Crops 水稻与高粱-苏丹草杂交种作为小龙虾饲料作物的比较评价
The Progressive Fish-culturist Pub Date : 1997-07-01 DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0206:CEORAA>2.3.CO;2
W. Mcclain
{"title":"Comparative Evaluations of Rice and a sorghum–sudangrass Hybrid as Crawfish Forage Crops","authors":"W. Mcclain","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0206:CEORAA>2.3.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0206:CEORAA>2.3.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Comparisons were made among experimental ponds of red swamp crawfish Procambarus clarkii that were planted with either rice Oryza sativa, a sorghum–sudangrass hybrid Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense, or a mixture of rice and sorghum–sudangrass. sorghum–sudangrass produced the greatest forage biomass and also exhibited the best biomass persistence. Ponds planted in rice, the industry standard, had the highest dissolved oxygen, but were depleted of forage by the end of the production season. The rice and sorghum–sudangrass mixture maintained an intermediate profile of standing forage over the crawfish production season and exhibited the lowest dissolved oxygen values. Crawfish production was similar among all treatments and averaged 1,185; 1,135; and 1,107 kg/ha for ponds planted in rice, sorghum–sudangrass, and the rice and sorghum–sudangrass mixture, respectively. Size grade distributions of harvested crawfish were also similar. Crawfish growth trials conducted in enclosures placed over forage subs...","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"25 1","pages":"206-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74134061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Communications: A Method for Assessment of the Efficacy of Feed Attractants for Fish 通讯:一种评价饲料诱食剂对鱼的效果的方法
The Progressive Fish-culturist Pub Date : 1997-07-01 DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0213:CAMFAO>2.3.CO;2
C. K. Oikawa, B. March
{"title":"Communications: A Method for Assessment of the Efficacy of Feed Attractants for Fish","authors":"C. K. Oikawa, B. March","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0213:CAMFAO>2.3.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0213:CAMFAO>2.3.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A procedure is described for the testing of feeding response to dietary attractants by juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, The fish were maintained in a controlled environment with minimum visual and auditory stimulation. They were fed once daily following a scotoperiod of 12 h. Feed consumption was recorded over a period of 4 min at successive 1-min intervals. The feeding response could be assessed as early as 2 min after dispensing feed. The attractants examined to test the procedure were hydrolysates of krill, These were supplied to the control diet in liquid or dried form, as a component of the pellets or as a surface dressing. There was a positive response to the krill hydrolysate, which was greater when the attractant was applied to the surface of the pellets. Incidental to the development of the technique was the observation that the use of feeding attractants may modify feeding behavior to reduce feed wastage, The technique affords a rapid, sensitive, and repeatable method for eva...","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"21 1","pages":"213-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78105519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
Preliminary Studies on Walleye Feed Training in Cages and Second-Year Growth in Ponds 网箱养殖和池塘第二年养殖的初步研究
The Progressive Fish-culturist Pub Date : 1997-07-01 DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0249:PSOWFT>2.3.CO;2
S. Coyle, J. Tidwell, F. Barrows
{"title":"Preliminary Studies on Walleye Feed Training in Cages and Second-Year Growth in Ponds","authors":"S. Coyle, J. Tidwell, F. Barrows","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0249:PSOWFT>2.3.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0249:PSOWFT>2.3.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An inexpensive system to feed-train fingerling (13.1 ± 1.2 g) walleyes Stizostedion vitreum in cages suspended in ponds by using automatic feeders is described. Walleyes were initially overwintered unconfined in three 0.04-ha ponds at a density of 74,000 fish/ ha. When water temperatures reached 10°C, fish were stocked into four cages (3.5 m3) suspended in separate 0.04-ha ponds at cage densities of 938 fish/m3. An automatic feeder was suspended over each cage and dispensed 38 g of feed per feeding at 10-min intervals during daylight hours (0600–1800 hours). After 47 d, 45% of the initial population was healthy and actively feeding. Feed-trained fingerlings (19.9 g) were then stocked into six 0.04-ha ponds at 18,525 fish/ha and fed a 40% protein diet once daily to satiation. After 184 d, the fingerlings in live replicate ponds averaged (±SE) 97.3 ± 9.9 g, individual weight; 67,3 ± 7,0% survival; 491.5 ± 52.3% average individual gain: 0.86 ± 0.6% body weight/d, specific growth rate; and 840.2 ± 52...","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"11 1","pages":"249-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89813196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
IMPORTANCE OF ANALYTICALLY VERIFYING CHEMICAL TREATMENTS 分析验证化学处理的重要性
The Progressive Fish-culturist Pub Date : 1997-07-01 DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0222:IOAVCT>2.3.CO;2
J. Rach, M. Gaikowski, Jeff J. Olson
{"title":"IMPORTANCE OF ANALYTICALLY VERIFYING CHEMICAL TREATMENTS","authors":"J. Rach, M. Gaikowski, Jeff J. Olson","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0222:IOAVCT>2.3.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0222:IOAVCT>2.3.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hydrogen peroxide is considered a low regμLatory priority compound by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. It is used to control fungal infections on fish eggs. We studied the treatment profiles of hydrogen peroxide in Heath, McDonald egg jar, and Clark–Williamson incubators during treatments intended to deliver an effective regimen of at least 500 μL hydrogen peroxide/L (i.e., treatments of 500 and 1,000 μL/L) for 15 min. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations decreased with increasing distance from the influent water in both Heath and Clark–Williamson incubators. The top treatment tray (tray 2) of the Heath incubator received more than 90% of the intended regimen during the 500 μL/L treatment, whereas at 1,000 μL/L, all trays had hydrogen peroxide concentrations at or above 500 μL/L for 15 min. None of the compartments in the Clark–Williamson incubator received the intended therapeutic regimen when treated at 500 μL/L. The McDonald egg jar system distributed the intended concentration for the desig...","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"1 1","pages":"222-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88374188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 36
Effects of Rearing Density upon Cutthroat Trout Hematology, Hatchery Performance, Fin Erosion, and General Health and Condition 养殖密度对切喉鳟鱼血液学、孵化性能、鱼鳍侵蚀和总体健康状况的影响
The Progressive Fish-culturist Pub Date : 1997-07-01 DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0173:EORDUC>2.3.CO;2
E. Wagner, Tim Jeppsen, R. Arndt, M. D. Routledge, Quentin Bradwisch
{"title":"Effects of Rearing Density upon Cutthroat Trout Hematology, Hatchery Performance, Fin Erosion, and General Health and Condition","authors":"E. Wagner, Tim Jeppsen, R. Arndt, M. D. Routledge, Quentin Bradwisch","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0173:EORDUC>2.3.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0173:EORDUC>2.3.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ahstract.—Cutthroat trout of the Bear Lake Bonneville strain, Oncorhynchus clarki utah, were used in two separate density experiments. In the first, fish were reared for 212 d in outdoor raceways at four densities; fish were allowed to grow into their final rearing density and were fed 7 d/week. Final rearing densities averaged 768, 1,597, 2,073, and 2,998 fish/m3, and corresponding density indices (DI = fish weight, Ib/[fish length, in ×water volume, ft3]) were 0,40, 0.90, 1.10, and 1,46. In experiment 2, crowding screens were adjusted monthly, and fish were fed 5 d/week: final rearing densities were 338, 739, and 1,634 fish/m3 (DIs of 0.19, 0.39, 0.75). Feed conversion and mortality did not significantly differ among densities for either experiment, Final mean weights did not differ among the four densities of experiment 1, but mean total length was significantly longer in fish reared at the lower densities. In experiment 2, final mean weight was significantly reduced in the highest density and...","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"28 1","pages":"173-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82015767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 78
Effects of recovery water salinity on secondary stress responses of hybrid striped bass fingerlings 恢复水盐度对杂交条纹鲈鱼种次生胁迫响应的影响
The Progressive Fish-culturist Pub Date : 1997-07-01 DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0188:EORWSO>2.3.CO;2
K. J. Reubush, A. Heath
{"title":"Effects of recovery water salinity on secondary stress responses of hybrid striped bass fingerlings","authors":"K. J. Reubush, A. Heath","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0188:EORWSO>2.3.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0188:EORWSO>2.3.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fed and fasted (for 3d) fingerling hybrid striped bass, female white bass Morone chrysops × male striped bass M. saxatilis, raised in freshwater were subjected to an acute handling stress in groups of six, Fish were then allowed to recover in salt water of 5, 10, or 15%o. Severity of the stress response was quantitated by measuring whole-body glucose, glycogen and lactic acid and blood osmolality. Measurements were taken at rest, immediately after the stress, and at 0.5, 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h poststress. Feeding state and salinity of the recovery water had effects on the stress response. The glucose response was greater in fed fish, The lactate response in fed and fasted fish was similar in all salinity recovery treatments, The glycogen response was dominated by feeding state: salinity of the recovery water did not have a significant effect. None of the fasted groups regained resting glycogen levels within 48 h, but all the fed groups did. Blood osmolality was not affected greatly, but fish gain...","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"1 1","pages":"188-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80760475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
A Temperature‐Dependent Index of Mitotic Interval (τ0) for Chromosome Manipulation in Paddlefish and Shovelnose Sturgeon 白鲟和铲鼻鲟染色体操作有丝分裂间隔(τ0)的温度依赖指数
The Progressive Fish-culturist Pub Date : 1997-07-01 DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0229:ATDIOM>2.3.CO;2
W. Shelton, S. Mims, J. Clark, Ana E. Hiott, Changzheng Wang
{"title":"A Temperature‐Dependent Index of Mitotic Interval (τ0) for Chromosome Manipulation in Paddlefish and Shovelnose Sturgeon","authors":"W. Shelton, S. Mims, J. Clark, Ana E. Hiott, Changzheng Wang","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0229:ATDIOM>2.3.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0229:ATDIOM>2.3.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A temperature-dependent measure of the mitotic interval (τ0) can help standardize chromosome manipulation in fish eggs. A tau unit (τ0) is the duration in minutes of one mitotic cycle during synchronous embryonic cleavage. It is measured over a range of temperatures, and the resulting relationship of τ0 to temperature can be used to anticipiate developmental events that are affected by temperature. Optimum induction of chromosome manipulation requires development of a specific treatment of egg shocking for each species, Timing of shock is a critical variable, but pretreatment incubation temperature affects the rate of development and thus the optimum absolute time for shocking. Mitotic intervals (τ0) are reliable indicators of developmental rates over normal temperatures for egg incubation, and thus can be used to estimate optimal times for chromosome manipulation, Mitotic intervals for paddlefish Polyodon spathula and shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus were estimated by averaging th...","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"15 1","pages":"229-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85887048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 36
An Alternative Egg-Incubation Jar 另一种鸡蛋孵育罐
The Progressive Fish-culturist Pub Date : 1997-07-01 DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0253:AAEIJ>2.3.CO;2
Donald W. Glenn, T. Tiersch
{"title":"An Alternative Egg-Incubation Jar","authors":"Donald W. Glenn, T. Tiersch","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0253:AAEIJ>2.3.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0253:AAEIJ>2.3.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Inexpensive hatching and incubation jars have been constructed in the past from polyvinyl chloride fittings or plastic bottles. Most cost less than $50 each, but contain numerous parts. The incubation jar described in this report was easy to assemble, recyclable, and cost about US$2.50. It took about 10 min to construct and 24 h for the sealant to cure before use, Eggs of common carp Cyprinus carpio in quantities of 2,000–80,000 were hatched in these jars by adjusting water flow. The small size (2.3-L volume) provided separation of many treatments in a confined area.","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"31 1","pages":"253-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82899676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF SYNTHESIZED ASTAXANTHIN: A HANDY TOOL FOR THE ECOLOGIST AND THE FORENSIC CHEMIST? 合成虾青素的色谱分析:生态学家和法医化学家的便利工具?
The Progressive Fish-culturist Pub Date : 1997-04-01 DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0129:CAOSAA>2.3.CO;2
B. Bjerkeng
{"title":"CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF SYNTHESIZED ASTAXANTHIN: A HANDY TOOL FOR THE ECOLOGIST AND THE FORENSIC CHEMIST?","authors":"B. Bjerkeng","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0129:CAOSAA>2.3.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0129:CAOSAA>2.3.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Detection of canthaxanthin or of an astaxanthin stereoisomer composition deviating from that in wild salmonids seems to be a reliable method of distinguishing farmed from wild salmonids. This is especially true when a high amount of the (3R, 3'S) stereoisomer of astaxanthin is present. A 1:2:1 distribution of (3S,3'S), (3R,3'S), and (3R,3'S) isomers (“racemic astaxanthin”) is not a fundamental property of the astaxanthin synthesized for fish feeds; virtually any ratio of the astaxanthin stereoisomers may be manufactured by modern techniques. The stereoisomer com-position of astaxanthin from decapod wastes often resembles that of racemic astaxanthin. It is argued that no known chromatographical method today is in itself able to detect any synthesized carotenoid per se. This is important in view of the trend to include untraditional astaxanthin sources in fish feeds, which may eventually make the stereoisomeric ratio most frequently found in farmed salmonids today more differentiated in the future....","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"1 1","pages":"129-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84502797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
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