Jaime R López, Judy Ahn-Ewing, Ron Emerson, Carrie Ford, Clare Gale, Jeffery H Gertsch, Lillian Hewitt, Aatif Husain, Linda Kelly, John Kincaid, Meledy Kise, Adam Kornegay, Joseph J Moreira, Marc Nuwer, Anita Schneider, Mark Stecker, Lucy R Sullivan, J Richard Toleikis, Lois Wall, Susan Herman
{"title":"Guidelines for Qualifications of Neurodiagnostic Personnel: A Joint Position Statement of the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine, the American Society of Neurophysiological Monitoring, and ASET - The Neurodiagnostic Society.","authors":"Jaime R López, Judy Ahn-Ewing, Ron Emerson, Carrie Ford, Clare Gale, Jeffery H Gertsch, Lillian Hewitt, Aatif Husain, Linda Kelly, John Kincaid, Meledy Kise, Adam Kornegay, Joseph J Moreira, Marc Nuwer, Anita Schneider, Mark Stecker, Lucy R Sullivan, J Richard Toleikis, Lois Wall, Susan Herman","doi":"10.1080/21646821.2023.2183008","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21646821.2023.2183008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Guidelines for Qualifications of Neurodiagnostic Personnel (QNP) document has been created through the collaboration of the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society (ACNS), the American Society of Neurophysiological Monitoring (ASNM), the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine (AANEM), and ASET - The Neurodiagnostic Society (ASET). The quality of patient care is optimized when neurophysiological procedures are performed and interpreted by appropriately trained and qualified practitioners at every level. These Societies recognize that Neurodiagnostics is a large field with practitioners who have entered the field through a variety of training paths. This document suggests job titles, associated job responsibilities, and the recommended levels of education, certification, experience, and ongoing education appropriate for each job. This is important because of the growth and development of standardized training programs, board certifications, and continuing education in recent years. This document matches training, education, and credentials to the various tasks required for performing and interpreting Neurodiagnostic procedures. This document does not intend to restrict the practice of those already working in Neurodiagnostics. It represents recommendations of these Societies with the understanding that federal, state, and local regulations, as well as individual hospital bylaws, supersede these recommendations. As Neurodiagnostics is a growing and dynamic field, we fully intend this document to change over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":22816,"journal":{"name":"The Neurodiagnostic Journal","volume":"63 1","pages":"14-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9318003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justin W Silverstein, Harshal A Shah, Jason A Ellis, Randy S D'Amico
{"title":"Neuromonitoring Guided Vessel Identification in Iatrogenic Arterial Injury During Meningioma Resection.","authors":"Justin W Silverstein, Harshal A Shah, Jason A Ellis, Randy S D'Amico","doi":"10.1080/21646821.2023.2168971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21646821.2023.2168971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuromonitoring is commonly used in neurosurgery and allows intraoperative assessment of functional pathways in the brain during surgery. Monitoring alerts can guide surgical decision making in real-time allowing surgeons to mitigate or avoid potential iatrogenic injury and subsequent postoperative neurologic sequelae that may result from cerebral ischemia or malperfusion. Here we present a case of a patient undergoing a right pterional craniotomy for the resection of a tumor which crosses midline with multimodal intraoperative neuromonitoring including somatosensory evoked potentials, transcranial motor evoked potentials, and visual evoked potentials. During the final portion of tumor resection, arterial bleeding was noted of unknown origin shortly followed by loss of right lower extremity motor evoked potential recordings. Motor evoked potential recordings in the right upper, and left upper and lower extremities were stable, as well as all somatosensory evoked potentials and visual evoked potentials. This distinct pattern of right lower extremity motor-evoked potential loss suggested compromise of the contralateral anterior cerebral artery and guided the surgeons to a rapid intervention. The patient awoke from surgery with moderate postoperative weakness in the affected limb that resolved to preoperative status by postoperative day 2, and back to normal strength prior to three-month follow-up. In this case the neuromonitoring data suggested compromise to the contralateral anterior cerebral artery which guided the surgeons to investigate and identify the site of vascular injury. The present case reinforces the utility of neuromonitoring in emergent surgical situations to guide surgical decision making.</p>","PeriodicalId":22816,"journal":{"name":"The Neurodiagnostic Journal","volume":"63 1","pages":"47-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9263022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"<b>Ellen R. Grass Lecture:</b> The Future of Neurodiagnostics and Emergence of a New Science.","authors":"William J Bosl","doi":"10.1080/21646821.2023.2183012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21646821.2023.2183012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electroencepholography (EEG) is the oldest and original brain measurement technology. Since EEG was first used in clinical settings, the role of neurodiagnostic professionals has focused on two principal tasks that require specialized training. These include collecting the EEG recording, performed primarily by EEG Technologists, and interpreting the recording, generally done by physicians with proper specialization. Emerging technology appears to enable non-specialists to contribute to these tasks. Neurotechnologists may feel vulnerable to being displaced by new technology. A similar shift occurred in the last century when human \"computers,\" employed to perform repetitive calculations needed to solve complex mathematics for the Manhattan and Apollo Projects, were displaced by new electronic computing machines. Many human \"computers\" seized on the opportunity created by the new computing technology to become the first computer programmers and create the new field of computer science. That transition offers insights for the future of neurodiagnostics. From its inception, neurodiagnostics has been an information processing discipline. Advances in dynamical systems theory, cognitive neuroscience, and biomedical informatics have created an opportunity for neurodiagnostic professionals to help create a new science of functional brain monitoring. A new generation of advanced neurodiagnostic professionals that bring together knowledge and skills in clinical neuroscience and biomedical informatics will benefit psychiatry, neurology, and precision healthcare, lead to preventive brain health through the lifespan, and lead the establishment of a new science of clinical neuroinformatics.</p>","PeriodicalId":22816,"journal":{"name":"The Neurodiagnostic Journal","volume":"63 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9618893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of “Parkinson’s Disease and Other Movement Disorders (2nd Edition),” by Mark J. Edwards, Maria Stamelou, Niall Quinn, and Kailash P. Bhatia","authors":"Richard Vogel","doi":"10.1080/21646821.2023.2183011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21646821.2023.2183011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22816,"journal":{"name":"The Neurodiagnostic Journal","volume":"63 1","pages":"105 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45326087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ASET Position Statement on the Best Practices in Ambulatory EEG Monitoring.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/21646821.2022.2145832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21646821.2022.2145832","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22816,"journal":{"name":"The Neurodiagnostic Journal","volume":"62 4","pages":"260-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9220462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justin W Silverstein, Jacob D Greisman, Nicholas B Dadario, Jung Park, Randy S D'Amico
{"title":"A Cost-Effective, Adjustable, Dynamic Subcortical Stimulation Device - Technical Note.","authors":"Justin W Silverstein, Jacob D Greisman, Nicholas B Dadario, Jung Park, Randy S D'Amico","doi":"10.1080/21646821.2022.2121544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21646821.2022.2121544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain mapping and neuromonitoring remain the gold standard for identifying and preserving functional neuroanatomic regions during safe, maximal brain tumor resection. Subcortical stimulation (SCS) can identify white matter tracts and approximate their distance from the leading edge of an advancing resection cavity. Dynamic (continuous) devices permitting simultaneous suction and stimulation have recently emerged as time-efficient alternatives to traditional static (discontinuous) techniques. However, the high cost, fixed cap size, and fixed tube diameter of commercially available suction devices preclude universal adoption. Our objective is to modify available suction devices into monopolar probes for subcortical stimulation mapping. We describe our technique using a novel, cost-effective, dynamic SCS technique as part of our established neuromonitoring protocol. We electrified and insulated a conventional variable suction device using an alligator clip and red rubber catheter, respectively. We adjusted the catheter's length to expose metal on both sides, effectively converting the suction device into a monopolar stimulation probe capable of cortical and subcortical monopolar stimulation that does not differ from commercially available discontinuous or continuous devices. We fashioned a dynamic SCS suction probe using inexpensive materials compatible with all suction styles and sizes. Qualitative and quantitative analysis in future prospective case series is needed to assess efficacy and utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":22816,"journal":{"name":"The Neurodiagnostic Journal","volume":"62 4","pages":"193-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10464767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David W Allison, Justin W Silverstein, Shanti S Thirumalai, Randy S D'Amico
{"title":"Misconceptions in IONM Part III: Stimulation Repetition Rate Effects on Intraoperative Somatosensory Evoked Potential Amplitude and Latency.","authors":"David W Allison, Justin W Silverstein, Shanti S Thirumalai, Randy S D'Amico","doi":"10.1080/21646821.2022.2141553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21646821.2022.2141553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rate at which stimulation is applied to peripheral nerves is critical to generating high-quality intraoperative somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) in a timely manner. Guidelines based on a limited study and anecdotal evidence present differing, incorrect, or incomplete stimulation rate recommendations. We examined the effect stimulating the ulnar and tibial nerves at 1.05, 2.79, 5.69, and 8.44 Hz had on cortical, subcortical, and peripheral response amplitude and latency in 10 subjects with neuromuscular blockade (NMB) and 10 without NMB in the operating room under general anesthesia. As the stimulation repetition rate increased, the amplitude of upper and lower extremity cortical responses decreased equally in both groups. The ulnar nerve N20 cortical response amplitude decreased 27.9% at 2.79 Hz, 48.8% at 5.69 Hz, and 53.8% at 8.44 Hz. The tibial nerve P37 cortical response amplitude decreased 30.3% at 2.79 Hz, 53.8% at 5.69 Hz, and 56.8% at 8.44 Hz. Neither upper or lower extremity peripheral or subcortical amplitudes nor upper and lower extremity subcortical or peripheral latencies were affected by increasing repetition rate in either group. Low SSEP stimulation repetition rates ensure the highest quality cortical responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":22816,"journal":{"name":"The Neurodiagnostic Journal","volume":"62 4","pages":"239-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10814164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ASET Position Statement on the Best Practices in Remote Continuous EEG (cEEG) Monitoring.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/21646821.2022.2145833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21646821.2022.2145833","url":null,"abstract":"The efficacy of continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring of critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and patients admitted to the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) has been recognized by physicians, demonstrated by researchers, and described in the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society (ACNS), International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), and International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN) guidelines (Claassen et al. 2013; Herman et al. 2015; Tatum et al. 2022). cEEG monitoring provides the ability to make real-time treatment decisions, improving patient safety and outcomes and reducing risk (Hill et al. 2019; Rosetti et al. 2020; Claassen et al. 2006; Friedman, Claassen, Hirsch 2009; Classen et al. 2013; Kubota et al. 2018). Qualified personnel must be available to recognize, document and communicate EEG changes and seizures in real time 24/7/ 365. Hospitals may be unable to provide continuous monitoring due to a lack of available onsite staffing, equipment, and other resources, so they often outsource cEEG monitoring services to a qualified and dependable remote service provider (RSP). Guidelines, policies, and procedures for on-site cEEG monitoring are currently available through the ACNS, ILAE, and IFCN (ACNS 2008; Tatum et al. 2022) and ASET (ASET 2011a, 2011b, 2016a), but there are unique aspects related to RSP services that require additional consideration. These unique challenges are addressed in this best practices position statement.","PeriodicalId":22816,"journal":{"name":"The Neurodiagnostic Journal","volume":"62 4","pages":"273-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9220460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}