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Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties最新文献

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Ophthalmology 眼科学
Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198827191.003.0004
A. Denniston, Priscilla a Mathewson
{"title":"Ophthalmology","authors":"A. Denniston, Priscilla a Mathewson","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198827191.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198827191.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties explores the specialty of ophthalmology. Starting with an ophthalmic glossary, it describes in depth how to assess the eyes and flags some key points to remember. Eye conditions such as acute glaucoma, acute anterior uveitis, episcleritis, corneal ulcers, ophthalmic shingles, conjunctivitis, and allergic eye disease are investigated. Tears and lacrimation are explored, along with blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and orbital swelling. Retinal problems such as retinoblastoma, loss of vision, primary open-angle glaucoma, cataract, macular degeneration, and retinal detachment are described, moving on to visual field defects, squint, and pupil problems. Systemic disease and diabetes mellitus are explored, as well as ocular disease in pregnancy, the effect of drugs on the eye, and tropical eye disease. A look at vision rounds off the chapter, with refraction, contact lenses, refractive procedures, and blindness, before a glimpse of the possible future for the eye.","PeriodicalId":228168,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125216522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Orthopaedics 整形外科
Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198827191.003.0007
J. Clutton
{"title":"Orthopaedics","authors":"J. Clutton","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198827191.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198827191.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties explores orthopaedics. It explains terminology and principles of examination, and reviews different areas of the body in turn: the neck and neck pathologies are described, as well as the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand. Back examination is discussed and causes of back pain are described alongside simple lower back pain and specific and sometimes sinister back pain. The hip is investigated, from history and examination to painful hips in children and developmental dysplasia. Knees and feet are explored, including club foot and knee history and examination, pain in the knee, and knees that swell. Bones are discussed, including osteomyelitis and benign and malignant bone tumours, congenital disorders of bone and cartilage, and osteochondroses. Joints are investigated, from joint replacement (arthroplasty) to aspiration, injections, and tendon rupture and injury. Soft tissue and sports injuries are also explored.","PeriodicalId":228168,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121261979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
General practice 一般实践
Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198827191.003.0013
Andrew Baldwin
{"title":"General practice","authors":"Andrew Baldwin","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198827191.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198827191.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties explores the specialty of general practice. It explores common reasons for seeing a general practitioner (GP), general practice in the UK, differences between GPs and specialists, pressures of primary care, primary care models, primary care teams, and the concept of universal primary care. It discusses consultation models, patient-centredness, decision-making, continuity of care, and risk management. It reviews compliance and concordance in prescribing, as well as protocols, targets, and guidelines, telephone consulting, and home visits. It describes commonly encountered chronic disease and frailty as well as minor illness, medically unexplained symptoms, time off work, and fitness to work, drive, and fly. It investigates UK benefits for disability and illness and confirmation and certification of death. It examines social class and inequalities in health as well as social, psychological, and physical elements, prevention of disease, screening, and health education. It explains cardiovascular disease risk assessment, how to manage smoking cessation, alcohol and drug misuse, obesity, sleep problems, exercise, healthy eating, alternative/holistic medicine, and the GP’s role in dealing with intimate partner violence. It discusses GPs as managers and commissioners, as well as new ways of extending primary care, and expert patients.","PeriodicalId":228168,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134374373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Eponymous syndromes 同名综合症
Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198719021.003.0010
Andrew Baldwin
{"title":"Eponymous syndromes","authors":"Andrew Baldwin","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198719021.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198719021.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties explores 80 eponymous syndromes most likely to be encountered or discussed in medical school or Foundation Programme rotations.","PeriodicalId":228168,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130383846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emergency medicine 急诊医学
Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198827191.003.0009
B. Graham
{"title":"Emergency medicine","authors":"B. Graham","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198827191.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198827191.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties explores the specialty of emergency medicine. It describes the work of a doctor in the emergency department (ED), including an overview of emergency medicine and ED teams, triage, crowding, exit block, clinical decision-making, patient expectations, and patient assessment. It investigates common procedures in depth, including advanced life support and management of pain and sedation. It discusses commonly encountered problems such as shock, the unwell child, and major trauma from brain injury to thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic trauma, as well as major burns, environmental emergencies, emergency toxicology, sepsis, loss of consciousness, stroke, acute severe headache, chest pain, acute shortness of breath, abdominal pain, atraumatic back pain, extremity problems, common limb injuries, bites and stings, foreign body ingestion, and wound care.","PeriodicalId":228168,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125372067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trauma 创伤
Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198827191.003.0008
J. Clutton
{"title":"Trauma","authors":"J. Clutton","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198827191.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198827191.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties explores trauma. It looks at describing an X-ray and whether a patient needs an X-ray or computed tomography scan. It discusses management and complications of fractures as well as complex regional pain syndromes. It explores trauma to the arm, shoulder, elbow, and forearm, as well as distal radial and ulnar fractures, and hand fractures and injuries. It reviews proximal femoral fractures and hip fractures in the elderly, as well as injuries to the knee, and ankle and foot strains and fractures. It describes injuries to the face, neck, and eye, as well as nerve injury, including testing peripheral nerve motor functions, dermatomes and peripheral nerves, nerve compression and syndromes, injuries to the brachial plexus, and spinal cord injury.","PeriodicalId":228168,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128330817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ear, nose, and throat 耳朵、鼻子和喉咙
Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198827191.003.0005
N. Steventon
{"title":"Ear, nose, and throat","authors":"N. Steventon","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198827191.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198827191.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties explores the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialty. It outlines examination in the ENT in general and investigates each area in depth. The ear is explored including hearing tests, painful ears (otalgia), discharging ears, otitis media, and fluid in the middle ear. Deafness in childhood and adults is discussed, as well as tinnitus, acoustic neuroma, noise-induced hearing loss, and vertigo. The nose is explored, including the paranasal sinuses, nasal injury, foreign bodies, and nosebleed. The throat is investigated, including sore throat, stridor, hoarseness (dysphonia), dysphagia, cancer, palsy, neck lumps, and salivary glands. Dentistry for doctors is also explored.","PeriodicalId":228168,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123817436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pre-hospital emergency medicine 院前急救医学
Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198827191.003.0010
T. Collingwood
{"title":"Pre-hospital emergency medicine","authors":"T. Collingwood","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198827191.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198827191.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties explores the specialty of pre-hospital emergency medicine. It reviews pre-hospital emergency medicine in general, including activation of the emergency services and major trauma networks in the UK. It gives practical advice on assessment on arrival at the scene, hazards to consider, triage, and initial patient assessment before going into specifics including how to deal with shock, the entrapped patient, pre-hospital analgesia, splintage and manipulation, and injuries to the head, spine, and chest. It explores pre-hospital care of special interest groups and emergency anaesthesia, traumatic cardiac arrest, and how to approach a major incident. It investigates the importance of public health, and how to develop lasting resilience as a member of the pre-hospital emergency team.","PeriodicalId":228168,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114951333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Psychiatry 精神病学
Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198827191.003.0012
Gil Myers
{"title":"Psychiatry","authors":"Gil Myers","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198827191.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198827191.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties explores the specialty of psychiatry. It discusses seeing patients, taking a psychiatric history, the mental state exam, risk assessment, confidentiality, physical examination, descriptive psychopathology, the classification of disorders (ICD-10/DSM-5), and community care. It explores schizophrenia, depression, bipolar affective disorder, anxiety, withdrawing psychotropics, suicide, self-harm, crisis intervention, urgent psychiatry situations, and managing violence. It describes dealing with delirium, dementia, depression, psychosis, and behavioural difficulties, as well as disorders of sleep, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, and personality, eating, psychosexual, and perinatal disorders. It examines therapies and psychotherapies including cognitive, behavioural, dynamic, systemic/family, counselling, and supportive, group, play, and art therapies. It discusses compulsory treatment and hospitalization, the Mental Health Act law and consent, and capacity.","PeriodicalId":228168,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties","volume":"27 Suppl 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114088930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gynaecology 妇科
Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198827191.003.0002
Charlotte Goumalatsou
{"title":"Gynaecology","authors":"Charlotte Goumalatsou","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198827191.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198827191.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties describes the gynaecology specialty, including history and examination, sexual health and dysfunction, gynaecological anatomy, genital abnormalities, and female genital mutilation. It also explores menstruation, polycystic ovarian syndrome, menorrhagia, premenstrual syndrome, menopause, and HRT (hormone replacement therapy). It discusses pregnancy, including termination, miscarriage, and ectopic pregnancy. It investigates the vulva, vaginal discharge, PID (pelvic inflammatory disease), the uterus, pelvic pain, dyspareunia, fibroids (uterine leiomyomata), and endometriosis. It explores subfertility and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. It describes contraception and sterilization, as well as incontinence and prolapse. It investigates vulval lumps, ulcers, carcinoma, and cervical screening. It describes cancer, including vaginal, ovarian, and endometrial, as well as benign ovarian tumours and gynaecological surgery.","PeriodicalId":228168,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123608576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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