Gynaecology

This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties describes the gynaecology specialty, including history and examination, sexual health and dysfunction, gynaecological anatomy, genital abnormalities, and female genital mutilation. It also explores menstruation, polycystic ovarian syndrome, menorrhagia, premenstrual syndrome, menopause, and HRT (hormone replacement therapy). It discusses pregnancy, including termination, miscarriage, and ectopic pregnancy. It investigates the vulva, vaginal discharge, PID (pelvic inflammatory disease), the uterus, pelvic pain, dyspareunia, fibroids (uterine leiomyomata), and endometriosis. It explores subfertility and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. It describes contraception and sterilization, as well as incontinence and prolapse. It investigates vulval lumps, ulcers, carcinoma, and cervical screening. It describes cancer, including vaginal, ovarian, and endometrial, as well as benign ovarian tumours and gynaecological surgery.