S. Mohammad, M. Ashraf, S. Wasiq, S. Iqbal, N. Javaid
{"title":"Analysis and Modeling of Network Connectivity in Routing Protocols for MANETs and VANETs","authors":"S. Mohammad, M. Ashraf, S. Wasiq, S. Iqbal, N. Javaid","doi":"10.1109/BWCCA.2013.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BWCCA.2013.91","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a framework is presented for node distribution with respect to density, network connectivity and communication time. According to modeled framework we evaluate and compare the performance of three routing protocols, Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Fisheye State Routing (FSR) in MANETs and VANETs using two Mac-layer protocols, 802.11 and 802.11p. We have further modified these protocols by changing their routing information exchange intervals, MOD AODV, MOD DSR and MOD FSR. A comprehensive simulation work is performed in NS-2 for the comparison of these routing protocols for varying mobilities and scalabilities of nodes. To evaluate their efficiency, throughput, End-to-End Delay (E2ED) and Normalized Routing Load (NRL) of these protocols are taken into account as performance parameters. After extensive simulations, we observe that AODV outperforms both with MANETs and VANETs.","PeriodicalId":227978,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications","volume":"31 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120858817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mohammad, S. Wasiq, W. Arshad, N. Javaid, S. Khattak, M. Ashraf
{"title":"Modeling Probability of Path Loss for DSDV, OLSR and DYMO above 802.11 and 802.11p","authors":"S. Mohammad, S. Wasiq, W. Arshad, N. Javaid, S. Khattak, M. Ashraf","doi":"10.1109/BWCCA.2013.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BWCCA.2013.92","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents path loss model along with framework for probability distribution function for VANETs. Furthermore, we simulate three routing protocols Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO) in NS-2 to evaluate and compare their performance using two Mac-layer Protocols 802.11 and 802.11p. A novel approach of this work is modifications in existing parameters to achieve high efficiency. After extensive simulations, we observe that DSDV out performs with 802.11p while DYMO gives best performance with 802.11.","PeriodicalId":227978,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134128040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measuring Fatigue of Soldiers in Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks","authors":"N. Javaid, S. Faisal, Z. Khan, D. Nayab, M. Zahid","doi":"10.1109/BWCCA.2013.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BWCCA.2013.43","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks (WBASNs) consist of on-body or in-body sensors placed on human body for health monitoring. Energy conservation of these sensors, while guaranteeing a required level of performance, is a challenging task. Energy efficient routing schemes are designed for the longevity of network lifetime. In this paper, we propose a routing protocol for measuring fatigue of a soldier. Three sensors are attached to soldier's body that monitor specific parameters. Our proposed protocol is an event driven protocol and takes three scenarios for measuring the fatigue of a soldier. We evaluate our proposed work in terms of network lifetime, throughput, remaining energy of sensors and fatigue of a soldier.","PeriodicalId":227978,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132759532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Areeba Rao, M. Akbar, N. Javaid, S. Mohammad, S. Sarfraz
{"title":"AM-DisCNT: Angular Multi-hop DIStance Based Circular Network Transmission Protocol for WSNs","authors":"Areeba Rao, M. Akbar, N. Javaid, S. Mohammad, S. Sarfraz","doi":"10.1109/BWCCA.2013.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BWCCA.2013.14","url":null,"abstract":"The nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) contain limited energy resources, which are needed to transmit data to base station (BS). Routing protocols are designed to reduce the energy consumption. Clustering algorithms are best in this aspect. Such clustering algorithms increase the stability and lifetime of the network. However, every routing protocol is not suitable for heterogeneous environments. AM-DisCNT is proposed and evaluated as a new energy efficient protocol for wireless sensor networks. AM-DisCNT uses circular deployment for even consumption of energy in entire wireless sensor network. Cluster-head selection is on the basis of energy. Highest energy node becomes CH for that round. Energy is again compared in the next round to check the highest energy node of that round. The simulation results show that AM-DisCNT performs better than the existing heterogeneous protocols on the basis of network lifetime, throughput and stability of the system.","PeriodicalId":227978,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128869192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tauqir, Sheeraz Akram, A.Y. Khan, N. Javaid, M. Akbar
{"title":"Non-invasive Induction Link Model for Implantable Biomedical Microsystems: Pacemaker to Monitor Arrhythmic Patients in Body Area Networks","authors":"A. Tauqir, Sheeraz Akram, A.Y. Khan, N. Javaid, M. Akbar","doi":"10.1109/BWCCA.2013.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BWCCA.2013.44","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a non-invasive inductive link model for an Implantable Biomedical Microsystems (IBMs) such as, a pacemaker to monitor Arrhythmic Patients (APs) in Body Area Networks (BANs) is proposed. The model acts as a driving source to keep the batteries charged, inside a device called, pacemaker. The device monitors any drift from natural human heart beats, a condition of arrythmia and also in turn, produces electrical pulses that create forced rhythms that, matches with the original normal heart rhythms. It constantly sends a medical report to the health center to keep the medical personnel aware of the patient's conditions and let them handle any critical condition, before it actually happens. Two equivalent models are compared by carrying the simulations, based on the parameters of voltage gain and link efficiency. Results depict that the series tuned primary and parallel tuned secondary circuit achieves the best results for both the parameters, keeping in view the constraint of coupling co-efficient (k), which should be less than a value 0.45 as, desirable for the safety of body tissues.","PeriodicalId":227978,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114403589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danish Mahmood, N. Javaid, Shaharyar Mahmood, Sanaullah U. Qureshi, A. Memon, T. Zaman
{"title":"MODLEACH: A Variant of LEACH for WSNs","authors":"Danish Mahmood, N. Javaid, Shaharyar Mahmood, Sanaullah U. Qureshi, A. Memon, T. Zaman","doi":"10.1109/BWCCA.2013.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BWCCA.2013.34","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor networks are appearing as an emerging need for mankind. Though, Such networks are still in research phase however, they have high potential to be applied in almost every field of life. Lots of research is done and a lot more is awaiting to be standardized. In this work, cluster based routing in wireless sensor networks is studied precisely. Further, we modify one of the most prominent wireless sensor network's routing protocol \"LEACH\" as modified LEACH (MODLEACH) by introducing efficient cluster head replacement scheme and dual transmitting power levels. Our modified LEACH, in comparison with LEACH out performs it using metrics of cluster head formation, through put and network life. Afterwards, hard and soft thresholds are implemented on modified LEACH (MODLEACH) that boast the performance even more. Finally a brief performance analysis of LEACH, Modified LEACH (MODLEACH), MODLEACH with hard threshold (MODLEACHHT) and MODLEACH with soft threshold (MODLEACHST) is undertaken considering metrics of throughput, network life and cluster head replacements.","PeriodicalId":227978,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127875822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Jafri, S. Ahmed, N. Javaid, Z. Ahmad, R. Qureshi
{"title":"AMCTD: Adaptive Mobility of Courier Nodes in Threshold-Optimized DBR Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"M. Jafri, S. Ahmed, N. Javaid, Z. Ahmad, R. Qureshi","doi":"10.1109/BWCCA.2013.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BWCCA.2013.24","url":null,"abstract":"In dense underwater sensor networks (UWSN), the major confronts are high error probability, incessant variation in topology of sensor nodes, and much energy consumption for data transmission. However, there are some remarkable applications of UWSN such as management of seabed and oil reservoirs, exploration of deep sea situation and prevention of aqueous disasters. In order to accomplish these applications, ignorance of the limitations of acoustic communications such as high delay and low bandwidth is not feasible. In this paper, we propose Adaptive mobility of Courier nodes in Threshold-optimized Depth-based routing (AMCTD), exploring the proficient amendments in depth threshold and implementing the optimal weight function to achieve longer network lifetime. We segregate our scheme in 3 major phases of weight updating, depth threshold variation and adaptive mobility of courier nodes. During data forwarding, we provide the framework for alterations in threshold to cope with the sparse condition of network. We ultimately perform detailed simulations to scrutinize the performance of our proposed scheme and its comparison with other two notable routing protocols in term of network lifetime and other essential parameters. The simulations results verify that our scheme performs better than the other techniques and near to optimal in the field of UWSN.","PeriodicalId":227978,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128812942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qaisar Nadeem, N. Javaid, S. Mohammad, M. Y. Khan, S. Sarfraz, M. Gull
{"title":"SIMPLE: Stable Increased-Throughput Multi-hop Protocol for Link Efficiency in Wireless Body Area Networks","authors":"Qaisar Nadeem, N. Javaid, S. Mohammad, M. Y. Khan, S. Sarfraz, M. Gull","doi":"10.1109/BWCCA.2013.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BWCCA.2013.42","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we propose a reliable, power efficient and high throughput routing protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). We use multi-hop topology to achieve minimum energy consumption and longer network lifetime. We propose a cost function to select parent node or forwarder. Proposed cost function selects a parent node which has high residual energy and minimum distance to sink. Residual energy parameter balances the energy consumption among the sensor nodes while distance parameter ensures successful packet delivery to sink. Simulation results show that our proposed protocol maximize the network stability period and nodes stay alive for longer period. Longer stability period contributes high packet delivery to sink which is major interest for continuous patient monitoring.","PeriodicalId":227978,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124969781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Javaid, Ilyas Khan, M. Ullah, A. Mahmood, M. U. Farooq
{"title":"A Survey of Home Energy Management Systems in Future Smart Grid Communications","authors":"N. Javaid, Ilyas Khan, M. Ullah, A. Mahmood, M. U. Farooq","doi":"10.1109/BWCCA.2013.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BWCCA.2013.80","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present a systematic review of various home energy management (HEM) schemes. Employment of home energy management programs will make the electricity consumption smarter and more efficient. Advantages of HEM include, increased savings for consumers as well as utilities, reduced peak to average ratio (PAR) and peak demand. Where there are numerous applications of smart grid technologies, home energy management is probably the most important one to be addressed. Utilities across the globe have taken various steps for efficient consumption of electricity. New pricing schemes like, Real Time Pricing (RTP), Time of Use (ToU), Inclining Block Rates (IBR), Critical Peak Pricing (CPP) etc, have been proposed for smart grid. Distributed Energy Resources (DER) (local generation) and/or home appliances coordination along with different tariff schemes lead towards efficient consumption of electricity. This work also discusses a HEM system's general architecture and various challenges in implementation of this architecture in smart grid.","PeriodicalId":227978,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications","volume":"401 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132372576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arsalan Haider, N. Javaid, N. Amjad, A. A. Awan, Abid-Aziz Khan, N. Khan
{"title":"REECH-ME: Regional Energy Efficient Cluster Heads Based on Maximum Energy Routing Protocol for WSNs","authors":"Arsalan Haider, N. Javaid, N. Amjad, A. A. Awan, Abid-Aziz Khan, N. Khan","doi":"10.1109/BWCCA.2013.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BWCCA.2013.23","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose Regional Energy Efficient Cluster Heads based on Maximum Energy (REECH-ME) Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The main purpose of this protocol is to improve the network lifetime and particularly the stability period of the network. In REECH-ME, the node with the maximum energy in a region becomes Cluster Head (CH) of that region for that particular round and the number of the cluster heads in each round remains the same. Our technique outperforms LEACH which uses probabilistic approach for the selection of CHs. We also implement the Uniform Random Distribution Model to find the packet drop to make this protocol more practical. We also calculate the confidence interval of all our results which helps us to visualize the possible deviation of our graphs from the mean value.","PeriodicalId":227978,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124419909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}