{"title":"The Rational Limits of the Criminalization of Abortion – Legal and Social Consequences of the Restrictive Approach","authors":"Olga Sitarz, Michał Grudecki","doi":"10.18690/mls.15.1.25-46.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/mls.15.1.25-46.2022","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to analyze a proposed amendment of 2021 to the Polish Criminal Code relating to abortion. The starting point for the considered legal solutions is the equalization of criminal law protection of human life before and after birth. This means that a termination of pregnancy is to be regarded as homicide, with all its attendant consequences. This article analyzes the legal implications arising from the proposed amendments both in relation to pregnant women and other persons (doctors, relatives and even employers of pregnant women). The far-reaching repressiveness of the future anti-abortion law that is rarely found in the modern world is demonstrated. The analysis is complemented with an attempt to diagnose the social consequences of the proposed amendments using historical and criminological texts concerning such situations in the past, as well as on the basis of sociological observations of current social trends. The authors believe that the proposed law will prove to be ineffective, and children (including unborn ones) will be maleficiaries rather than beneficiaries of the amendments in question.","PeriodicalId":227174,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Law & Society","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132250531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effects of Legislation on Surrogacy Tourism","authors":"Sendi Yakuppur","doi":"10.18690/mls.15.1.73-88.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/mls.15.1.73-88.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Statistics show that one in every six couples are currently infertile. Due to new artificial reproductive techniques, infertile couples have a whole new range of possibilities to become parents. Surrogacy tourism is a type of medical tourism in which couples with infertility travel to other countries to rent wombs of surrogate woman. At present, surrogacy tourism is a multi-billion-dollar industry. One of the main reasons for surrogacy tourism is that surrogacy is not legal in some countries. It appears that legislation, ethical understanding, and concerns that human rights will be violated prevent people from benefiting from such developments while medicine continues to develop and advance. Economics also drive surrogacy tourism. Religion is also a significant factor in choosing the destination for the treatment. Infertile couples are more likely to prefer countries where their religious beliefs are respected and considered during the treatment. This paper seeks to highlight the effects of the legal provisions and precedents about surrogate motherhood on surrogacy tourism.","PeriodicalId":227174,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Law & Society","volume":"263 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134365128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cyber Security in the Age of Covid-19: A Timeline and Analysis of Cyber-Crime and Cyber-Attacks during the Pandemic","authors":"Niteesh Kumar Upadhyay, Mahak Rathee","doi":"10.18690/mls.15.1.89-106.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/mls.15.1.89-106.2022","url":null,"abstract":"The entire world has been impacted by Covid-19, which has forced the nations to undergo lockdowns, which have opened the new horizons of virtual learning and work from home culture. Though virtual learning and online meetings were available prior to the lockdowns, use of these platforms have intensified. There is a lack of awareness among many in the public concerning the perils of using these platforms which makes them susceptible to cyber-crime attacks phishing, sexual or verbal abuse, eve teasing etc. Lockdowns have provided cyber criminals with new criminal opportunities and evidence shows that there has been a rampant increase in the number of cyber-crimes during this period. Public lack of awareness has led to innocent people falling prey in the hands of attackers. Since the pandemic and ensuing lockdowns came as a surprise, public and private authorities lacked the opportunity to make appropriate arrangements for training people and making these platforms secure. There is no question that if these platforms are made secure, then they will prove to be as an asset to the society but much work must be done to achieve the goal of complete cyber security.","PeriodicalId":227174,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Law & Society","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133951077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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