International Journal of Developing Country Studies最新文献

{"title":"Household Size and Household Food Security in Ngetta Ward, Lira City, Northern Uganda","authors":"Mercy Catherine Akello, David Mwesigwa","doi":"10.47941/ijdcs.1479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/ijdcs.1479","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study examined the effect of Household size/family size on Household food security in Lira city East Division. Specific issues that were studied are; the impact of average household size on household food security, the level of household food security and the effect of household size on household food security ‟household food security and whether household size affects household food security.
 Methodology: A purposive sampling and simple random sampling method for the study was used to select houses in each cell for the distribution of the questionnaire. Questionnaires and interview guide served as the main tools for data collection. The study targeted a sample population of 300 respondents out of which 60 participants were drawn from the small family and the other 240 from the large family in the study area.
 Findings: The findings indicated that, large family size puts an extra burden on food consumption and is more likely to experience food insecurity in contrast to households with a small and average family size. Large households, with more young or school-going children, also tend to fall below the poverty line and vulnerable to food insecurity. The results further revealed financial problems, lack of parental care and poor heath as the challenges faced by large families.
 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between household size and household food security so that policy makers can plan for an ever growing human population especially in the rural and peri-urban areas. The study recommends the need for intensive education on population related matters for parents and various incentives packages to families with smaller sizes.","PeriodicalId":226878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developing Country Studies","volume":"15 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in Income Levels and Violence against Women among Intimate Partners in Informal Settlements in Nakuru County, Kenya: A Case of Jimmia Rescue Centre","authors":"Beverly Lusike Asmani, R. Gesami, Wilkins Ndege Muhingi","doi":"10.47941/ijdcs.1373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/ijdcs.1373","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Intimate Partner Violence is on the rise in developing countries and is alarming in Kenya specifically, therefore this study will establish the relationship between disparities in income levels and violence against women among intimate partners in Nakuru County, Kenya; A case of Jimmia Rescue Centre. Resource Theory founded by Goode in 1971 and Gendered Resource Theory founded by Atkinson and Greenstein in 2005 anchored this study. \u0000Methodology: Embedded mixed method was employed which consisted of descriptive survey and phenomenological designs for quantitative and qualitative enquiries respectively. The study was conducted in Nakuru County, specifically in Jimmia Rescue center located in Nakuru East. A total sample of 112 respondents from Jimmia Rescue center were sampled through proportionate and purposive techniques. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Qualitative data was grouped, coded, and placed in different categories by selecting similar issues, then assembled analyzed and interpreted. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 for windows was used for coding and keying in data. The results were presented using tables, themes, quotes, and narrative descriptions. \u0000Findings: The study established that the majority of the Intimate Partner Violence victims were married as reported by 54 out of 90 (60%) respondents and 66 out of 90 (73% ) of the respondents were from monogamous marriages. The study also established 53% of the women victims were unemployed, income levels and unemployment status influenced violence against women. Violence was experienced in households where 80% respondents reported that earnings was controlled by husbands. This study concluded that Intimate Partner Violence is a concern among married women especially those in monogamous marriages and unemployed. \u0000Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends couples to work towards equal contribution in gender roles and contributing household income to reduce power imbalances that contribute to Intimate Partner Violence","PeriodicalId":226878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developing Country Studies","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125758885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Effective Positive Interventions in Protracted Somali Environmental Conflicts: An HPD Operationalization Framework Informed by Socio-Demographics, Familiarity, and Experience","authors":"Abdifatah Osman Hussein","doi":"10.47941/ijdcs.1367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/ijdcs.1367","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The primary goal of this workbased  project  is creating an Hpd Operationalization Framework For Positive Interventions In Protracted Somali Environmental Conflicts: Considering Socio-Demographics, Familiarity, And Experience Factors\" \u0000Methodology: The use of convergent parallel mixed data design, data collection and analysis strategies implied that the researcher converged and merged both quantitative and qualitative data. The researcher collected both primary and secondary data roughly and simultaneously integrated and analyzed both online and offline data outputs so as to enable the findings reflect a work-based paper. A five-step thematic methodology was used to transcribe qualitative data from the non-structured probing questionaires admisntered to resoondents.  Secondary data  on familiarity and experience of HDP was collected from validated humanitarian websites. Qualitative data was analysed using a five-step analytical framework that encompassed  data familiarizing, generating initial codes, defining and collating interpretive codes for entire data framed into themes,  defining and naming final recurrent pieces.the sample size was 112 respodents drawn from  humanitarian stakeholders operating in somaliland. \u0000Results:.Results showed gendered differences; 64.5% of males (40) and female participants (22)35.5% responded to the interviews implying that males dominated humanitarian operations. The mean age of respondents was 37.15 years, while the minimum and maximum ages were 24 and 61, respectively. Qualitative result summary results  showed that  barriers to HDP operationalization in somalia tabulated from the questionnaire were economic, political, finnacial, instution,programs ,technology. Success factors to the operationalization of HDP nexus were leadership and governance, transparency, feedback: participation: institutions, design, monitoring and evaluation, and technology. \u0000Unique Contribution To Theory, Policy And Practice: The HDP  framework proposed  integrates coherent HDP interventions needed to tackle protracted environmental conflicts in Somalia.","PeriodicalId":226878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developing Country Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121956792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organizational Review Systems and Sustainability of Community Development Projects; A Case Study of Hospitals in Nairobi County, Kenya","authors":"Genia Bukebuke, Stephen Asatsa, Rachael Gesami","doi":"10.47941/ijdcs.1309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/ijdcs.1309","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: There has been a long debate on the relationship between organizational review systems and sustainability of community development projects. This study focused on organizational review systems and sustainability of community development projects; a case study of hospitals in   Nairobi County, Kenya.  The study specifically assessed the effects of assessment meetings, multi-stakeholder dialogue workshops and review sessions on community development hospitals projects’ sustainability in Nairobi County. The study was anchored on theory of Change and Freirean Theory of Dialogue and Society. \u0000Methodology: The study employed descriptive survey design which combined both quantitative and qualitative methods. The target population of this study was 3600 respondents. Yamane (1967) formula was applied to sampled 360 respondents consisting of 15 Project Steering Committee (PSC) Members, 15 Project Coordinators and 15 Heads of Departments in charge of health projects from 8 hospitals in Nairobi County.  Construct and content validity of the instruments was ascertained through counterchecking by the supervisors while the reliability of the instruments was ascertained through test retests method. Quantitative data was analyzed and presented in frequency distribution tables, pie charts and bar graphs (SPSS version 25). Qualitative data was analyzed thematically according to each research questions and presented in a narrative form. \u0000Findings: Findings revealed that assessment meetings in community development hospitals projects in Nairobi County gives the foundation on effective measures both substantive and operation to improve the project design, manner of implementation and quality of results for the sustainability of community development hospitals projects. Multi-stakeholder dialogue workshops were found to be assisting in the perfection of practices and provide a platform for liability so as to ascertain whether the objectives have been achieved for the sustainability of the community development projects. Review sessions assists influence project sustainability in that it ensures that project results at the levels of impact, outcome, output, process along with input can be quantified so as to offer a framework for accountability and in assisting in making informed decision at program and policy levels. \u0000Unique contributions to theory, practice and policy: This study recommended that there is need for managers of community development hospitals projects in Nairobi County to establish multi-stakeholder dialogue workshops roles at a departmental level in order to strengthen the consistency of project management across the various community projects. This will improve the project development.","PeriodicalId":226878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developing Country Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126611990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Driven Initiatives for The Enrolment of Children with Disability in Ghana","authors":"Eric Duorinaah","doi":"10.47941/ijdcs.1258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/ijdcs.1258","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine nature of participation and the contributions local communities make in the enrolment of children with disability in schools in the Jirapa District of Ghana. The study was anchored on the concern that inspite of the importance of inclusive education, globally, 258 million children, majority with disability are out of school. About 400,000 of these are in Ghana. \u0000Methodology: A case study design was employed with a sample size of 72 respondents drawn from parents who had their children in the basic public schools, community leaders, School Management Committees and Parent Teacher Associations, head teachers, class teachers and pupils from 10 communities and their public primary schools. Through thematic analysis of the qualitative data and descriptive statistics of enrolment records the study the awareness and specific contributions and best practices from community members and actual number of children with disability who have been enrolled in school. \u0000Findings: The study revealed a high level of community awareness regarding children with disability while community participation and their contributions manifested in mapping, house to house enrolment drives and sensitization forums as these addressed stigma and discrimination against children with disability and their families, ultimately resulting in the former’s enrolment in school. \u0000Contribution to theory, practice and policy: The findings provide more empirical evidence regarding specific contributions of local communities in the realisation of the provisions of Ghana’s Inclusive Education Policy. Globally, best practices such as community mapping as revealed by the study can contribute significantly to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goal 4 which seeks to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.","PeriodicalId":226878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developing Country Studies","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125844622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Moderating Role of Foreign Exchange Rate in the Relationship between Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Kenya (1986-2021)","authors":"Joseph Macheru","doi":"10.47941/ijdcs.1206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/ijdcs.1206","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating role of foreign exchange rate in the relationship between outward foreign direct investments and economic growth in Kenya. The central purpose of any government is to formulate strategies that boost economic growth and correct capital flight. The Foreign Exchange Rate (FER) fluctuations generated by globalization are expected to leverage the effect of capital flight and boost economic growth, but this seems not to happen. Further, the loss of foreign exchange reserves resulting from capital flight demonstrates that some financial savings are lost to the economy. Since FER is a strong determinant of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the effects of this scenario are a great economic concern. The dependent variable for this study was economic growth, while the independent variable was outward foreign direct investments. The general objective of this study was to investigate the moderating role of foreign exchange rate in the relationship between outward foreign direct investments and economic growth in Kenya. The specific objective was to determine and evaluate the effect of outward foreign direct investments on the economic growth in Kenya as well as to investigate the moderating role of foreign exchange rate in the relationship between outward foreign direct investments and economic growth in Kenya. The indicator of economic growth was the percentage change in GDP. \u0000Methodology: This study adopted an ex-post facto research design with a sample size of 35 years from 1986 to 2021 and relied on secondary data from Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), International Financial Statistics (IFS), Central Bank of Kenya (CBK), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Development Index (WDI), United Nations Commodity Trade (UN Comtrade) and African Development Indicators (ADI). \u0000Findings: Using a panel data model, the study found that outward foreign direct investments did not have any significant effect on economic growth when foreign exchange rate was included in the model as an interaction variable. Foreign exchange rates had a significant effect on economic growth. The relationship was inverse indicating that the foreign exchange rate affected economic growth negatively. The interaction variable had a positive and significant coefficient indicating that the foreign exchange rate moderated the relationship between outward foreign direct investment and economic growth. \u0000Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: From the empirical findings, we can infer that outward foreign direct investment did not constrain resources and did not affect economic growth.","PeriodicalId":226878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developing Country Studies","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129350340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of Non-Governmental organisations in enhancing household poverty reduction in Uganda: a review of literature","authors":"P. Ocen, Alfred Acanga, D. Mwesigwa","doi":"10.47941/ijdcs.1160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/ijdcs.1160","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study was to discuss the contribution of Non-Governmental Organisations in enhancing poverty reduction among households in Uganda by looking at the relationship between NGO Activities and poverty reduction in Uganda as well as the contribution of NGO activities and poverty reduction in Uganda. \u0000Methodology: The study adopted a literature review of available data on Uganda, the region and other parts of the world regarding the link between Non-governmental organisations and household poverty reduction. The sources consulted include academic manuscripts, journals, peer-reviewed books, policy documents, annual reports as well as statistical papers. \u0000Findings: Results suggest a positive relationship between microfinance and poverty while most studies confirm that microfinance has a potential outcome on reducing poverty. More, results indicate NGOs’ support to food security and household poverty reduction as well as complex community perception of NGOs activities in poverty reduction, promotion of education and training, health, environmental conservation, and protection against child abuse. \u0000Conclusion and recommendations: NGOs might be doing a wonderful service to community members in various countries in the name of poverty reduction, not much of their achievements have been documented. It was even more paramount that, Uganda, with many NGOs working along poverty reduction strategies have their achievements studied, documented and widely shared. Thus, the government provides a more conducive working environment for the NGOs to be able to function and operate with less fear from the censorship of state organs; and, an amicable working relationship be forged between government and the NGOs given that the two are partners in community development. \u0000Unique contribution to policy and/or practice: This review on the contribution of NGOs to household poverty reduction is essential to national and local policy makers on facilitating the stakeholders to appreciate the fundamental role played by non-state actors in community transformation.","PeriodicalId":226878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developing Country Studies","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129678817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The involvement of Non-Governmental Organizations activities in Household Poverty reduction in Oyam District, Uganda","authors":"P. Ocen, Alfred Acanga, D. Mwesigwa","doi":"10.47941/ijdcs.1161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/ijdcs.1161","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study examined the contribution of NGO activities on poverty reduction in Oyam District-Northern Uganda and recommends strategies for improving wellbeing of people of the region and entirely Uganda as a Country. This was based on account that, Oyam District was estimated with the lowest annual GDP per capita of 223 USD compared to the neighbouring Districts of Apac and Kole with the annual GDP per capita of 228 USD and 230 USD respectively \u0000Methodology: The study used a correlational design with correlational and regression methods of analysis. It was conducted among beneficiaries of selected NGOs comprising a sample of 290 from a population of 860. \u0000Findings: This study reveals a significant and positive contribution of NGO activities to poverty reduction in Oyam District and that NGO activities has a moderate relationship with household poverty level in Oyam District. The results further show that the financial support provided by NGOs significantly contributes to poverty reduction while the food security support provided does not. \u0000Conclusion and recommendations: It is established that NGO activities contribute significantly to poverty reduction in Oyam District. This study recommends that the food security support be backed with the provision of market for the agricultural products of the NGO beneficiaries and in order to create income for them. The study further recommends for the NGO support to agricultural product market search for their beneficiaries as well as forming the beneficiaries in different groups and train them on financial literacy for better management of finances. \u0000Unique contributions to policy and/or practice: This study contributes positively to the understanding of non-state actors and the role they play in reducing poverty among communities that are recovering from decades of civil war in Uganda.","PeriodicalId":226878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developing Country Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115638320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Natives in Diaspora and Africa Development. A Critical Literature Review","authors":"Jane Njeri Kinyua","doi":"10.47941/ijdcs.1129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/ijdcs.1129","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose:   Diaspora matters have consistently attracted attention of many global actors. Today, many international organizations, as well as continental, regional and national entities, engage with their diaspora across the globe. The overall objective of this study was to examine role of natives in diaspora and Africa development. A critical literature review \u0000Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. \u0000Findings: This study concluded that relevant Governments are crucial and instrumental in promoting meaningful contributions by the diaspora towards economic development of homeland. Therefore, the government was required to increase her involvement through various ways to encourage the participation of stakeholders as well as building an enabling environment for diaspora abroad to increase their contributions towards the economic development. It was incumbent upon the government to create a strict investor environment and level playing ground regulations as well as the rule of law for the diaspora abroad aimed at promoting their participation in the economic development of the country. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study recommended that there was a need to establish diaspora database to include diaspora geographic distribution, mapping out of diaspora economic activities, investment flows, diaspora skills, and competencies. The database should also include annual economic trends especially regarding African diaspora contributions towards Africa economic development. The information from the database would inform definite plans for adequate engagement with diaspora as well as harness their contributions. There was need to deploy and embrace new technologies, particularly, digital technologies that facilitate increased social networks, connectivity, and timely information sharing. The new technologies would create a platform where all stakeholders in diaspora matters would interact more freely as they share their experiences and thoughts.","PeriodicalId":226878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developing Country Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123060186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the quality of local council elections in Hoima city, mid-western Uganda","authors":"D. Mwesigwa, Alfred Acanga, Alex Chono Oryang, A. Oboi, G. Obici","doi":"10.47941/ijdcs.1123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/ijdcs.1123","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of this study was to discuss the quality of local council elections by exploring factors that influence vote buying and vote selling during electoral seasons in Uganda. \u0000Methodology: A cross-sectional study aimed at promoting free, fair and credible local council elections in Hoima city. The study was conducted in one city ward that is part of Hoima City Cohort Study (HCCS). The HCCS is a population-based cohort that was identified for purposes of this study. A total of 28 registered voters, resident in four study areas were enrolled into the study. Data were collected on socio-econ-political related characteristics. A regression model was used to generate voting frequency as a measure of association for factors that were associated with voter bribery. \u0000Findings: Results suggest that voter bribery was high; higher in men than in women. Less than half had participated in more than two previous local council elections while slightly more than half were taking part in the second election. After adjusting for potential and suspected confounder, the factors that were negatively associated with voter bribery were: greed, poverty, and expectations; political party/candidate influence and lack of self-control were positively associated with voter bribery. Since political party/candidate influence and lack of self-control were positively associated with voter bribery in the area of study, targeting those having exorbitant resources to tempt voters may help reduce voter bribery in this area. \u0000Unique Contribution to Policy and Practice: The results of this study may be useful to policy and practice since they can facilitate managers of electoral management bodies as well as political parties to evolve frameworks that can facilitate credible electoral processes.","PeriodicalId":226878,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developing Country Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114595643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}