{"title":"A framework for scalable analysis and design of system-wide graceful degradation in distributed embedded systems","authors":"C. Shelton, P. Koopman, W. Nace","doi":"10.1109/WORDS.2003.1218078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WORDS.2003.1218078","url":null,"abstract":"We present a framework that will enable scalable analysis and design of graceful degradation in distributed embedded systems. We define graceful degradation in terms of utility. A system that gracefully degrades suffers a proportional loss of system utility as individual software and hardware components fail. However, explicitly designing a system to gracefully degrade; i.e. handle all possible combinations of component failures, becomes impractical for systems with more than a few components. We avoid this exponential complexity of component combinations by exploiting the structure of the system architecture to partition components into subsystems. We view each subsystem as a configuration of components that changes when components are removed or added. Thus, a subsystem's utility changes when components fail or are repaired. We then view the system as a composition of subsystems that each contribute to overall system utility. We demonstrate the scalability of our framework by applying it to an example automobile navigation system. Using this framework, we improve the system dependability by identifying architectural properties that enhance a system's ability to gracefully degrade.","PeriodicalId":225796,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems, 2003. (WORDS 2003).","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133116274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Search-based execution-time verification in object-oriented and component-based real-time system development","authors":"H. Groß, N. Mayer","doi":"10.1109/WORDS.2003.1218073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WORDS.2003.1218073","url":null,"abstract":"Execution time analysis is an essential verification activity during real-time system construction. This activity can be performed dynamically through search-based analysis techniques such as evolutionary algorithms. Evolutionary algorithms have already been successfully used for execution-time analysis under the traditional procedural development paradigm. This paper describes a first attempt in making search-based execution-time analysis techniques also applicable under the more recent object-oriented and component-based software development paradigms. Here, their application is more difficult compared with the traditional procedural development approaches because object-based architectures are inherently encapsulated, and they often represent state machines. This work proposes a solution that makes search techniques applicable in real-time system development with object technology. It is based on built-in testing artefacts and on the execution and optimization of an object's invocation history through a genetic algorithm. We demonstrate the applicability of the technique through a simple object-oriented real-time system.","PeriodicalId":225796,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems, 2003. (WORDS 2003).","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130841599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Event-driven support of real-time sentient objects","authors":"P. Veríssimo, A. Casimiro","doi":"10.1109/WORDS.2003.1218059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WORDS.2003.1218059","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of applications operating independently of direct human control is inevitable. Research on high-level models for this class of applications - e.g. on autonomous agents and distributed AI - has revealed the shortcomings of current architectures and middleware interaction paradigms. If we focus on complex real-time systems made of embedded components, that evidence is even more striking. Event models have shown to be quite promising in this arena, but they often lack one or several of the following key points: seamless integration with a programming model; adequate layer structure; and the provision of support for nonfunctional attributes, such as timeliness or quality of service, or security. This paper discusses infrastructure support to construct large-scale proactive applications based on the use of real-time sentient objects, and is especially devoted to the latter two points.","PeriodicalId":225796,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems, 2003. (WORDS 2003).","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134535136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An interactive object based multimedia system for IP networks","authors":"M. Zarki, Liang Cheng, Haining Liu, Xiaoping Wei","doi":"10.1109/WORDS.2003.1218098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WORDS.2003.1218098","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the design of a flexible framework for an IP-based network that will support an interactive multimedia (MM) system. The system will enable end users to: 1) author their own MM presentations; 2) control the delivery of the presentation; and 3) interact with the content (media objects) to make changes to the presentation in real time. To facilitate the design of the system we have introduced the concept of a meta object and have defined three levels of user interactivity: presentation level interactivity; session level interactivity; and local level interactivity.","PeriodicalId":225796,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems, 2003. (WORDS 2003).","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131833265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An efficient real-time multicast protocol RFRM","authors":"Y. Hong, J. No","doi":"10.1109/WORDS.2003.1218093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WORDS.2003.1218093","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient and reliable real-time multicast protocols are highly desirable to facilitate the development of fault tolerant distributed real-time applications. The purpose of this paper is to develop a release-time based fault-tolerant real-time multicast protocol (RFRM). RFRM is based on the idea of attaching the official release time to each multicast message and employs optimistic message delivery in order to provide a simple consistency property. RFRM allows each member to deliver regular messages or optimistic messages to applications according to the commit message from the sender. By delivering optimistic multicast messages, which are not committed until the official release time, RFRM will reduce the amount of control messages in real-time multicast applications.","PeriodicalId":225796,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems, 2003. (WORDS 2003).","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129027477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Object and process migration in .NET","authors":"Peter Tröger, A. Polze","doi":"10.1109/WORDS.2003.1218076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WORDS.2003.1218076","url":null,"abstract":"Most of today's distributed computing systems in the field do not support the migration of execution entities among computing nodes during runtime. The relatively static association between units of processing and computing nodes makes it difficult to implement fault-tolerant behavior or load-balancing schemes. The concept of code migration may provide a solution to the problems mentioned above. It can be defined as the movement of process, object or component instances from one computing node to another during system runtime in a distributed environment. Within our paper we describe the integration of a migration facility with the help of aspect-oriented programming (AOP) into the .NET framework. AOP is interesting as it addresses nonfunctional system properties on the middleware level, without the need to manipulate lower system layers like the operating system itself. We have implemented two proof-of-concept applications, namely a migrating Web server as well as a migrating file version checker application. The paper contains an experimental evaluation of the performance impact of object migration in context of those two applications.","PeriodicalId":225796,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems, 2003. (WORDS 2003).","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127218245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mirror hopping approach for selective denial of service prevention","authors":"P. Sharma, P. Shah, S. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1109/WORDS.2003.1218084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WORDS.2003.1218084","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on a category of denial of service (DoS) attacks, a growing concern in the information security arena, namely the selective DoS (S-DoS). We propose an S-DoS prevention approach by extending the well-known mirror sites idea by redirecting different access requests from the same user to different mirror sites. We develop an HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol) parser that fragments the HTTP requests for communication between the client and server. Random assignment of the requests to different mirror sites ensures that the attacker cannot succeed by capturing requests for a single Web server and the high degree of unpredictability in mirror selection makes it computationally and resource intensive for an attacker to predict the next chosen mirror site. A suite of analysis of the proposed scheme is presented as a merit of this approach.","PeriodicalId":225796,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems, 2003. (WORDS 2003).","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125896292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"QoS modeling language for high quality systems","authors":"M.A. de Miguel","doi":"10.1109/WORDS.2003.1218085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WORDS.2003.1218085","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce the main elements of UML (Unified Modeling Language) extension to support QoS specifications, which are the basic constructors of QoS-aware models. Different types of languages are used to specify QoS systems, the most common include extensions of Interface Description Languages, UML extensions and metamodels, and mathematical models. QoS specification methods support the description of QoS concepts that are used for different purposes: i) generation of code for the management of QoS concepts (e.g., negotiation, access to resource managers), ii) specification of QoS-aware architectures, and iii) management of QoS information in QoS reflective infrastructures (e.g., QoS adaptable systems). QoS-aware models support the description of software architectures with quality requirements. The extensions included in this paper are part of an initial submission of OMG (Object Management Group) RFP \"UML profile for quality of service and fault tolerance characteristics and mechanisms\".","PeriodicalId":225796,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems, 2003. (WORDS 2003).","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131159948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}