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Research on Hydrodynamic Pressure of Deep Water Bridge Structure 深水桥梁结构动水压力研究
Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2013-12-27 DOI: 10.1061/9780784413234.060
G. Sun, C. Liu
{"title":"Research on Hydrodynamic Pressure of Deep Water Bridge Structure","authors":"G. Sun, C. Liu","doi":"10.1061/9780784413234.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413234.060","url":null,"abstract":"Bridge system is an important part of the lifeline systems. In order to study the effects of fluid-structure interaction on the dynamic response behavior of deep water bridge structure, an investigation on hydrodynamic pressure is developed in two ways, including theoretical analysis and experimental study. For the purpose of establishing the seismic response-based criterion under earthquake of submerged bridge structure, a set of equations are derived by utilizing Morison theory. Then, a model test of submerged bridge pier system, including pile groups-cap-pier and inertia mass, has been performed to investigate the effect of hydrodynamic pressure on seismic response. Based on the results, the effect of hydrodynamic pressure was analyzed experimentally theoretically. Study results indicate that the surrounding water can change the characteristics of structure, so the effect of hydrodynamic pressure should be paid much attention.","PeriodicalId":225611,"journal":{"name":"Lifeline Earthquake Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116123490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Mechanism and Parametric Analysis of Multi-Level Control Mode of Unseating Failure Prevention for Concrete Girder Bridge during Earthquakes 地震作用下混凝土梁桥防失稳多级控制模式机理及参数分析
Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2013-12-27 DOI: 10.1061/9780784413234.052
G. Sun, H. J. Li, X. Du
{"title":"Mechanism and Parametric Analysis of Multi-Level Control Mode of Unseating Failure Prevention for Concrete Girder Bridge during Earthquakes","authors":"G. Sun, H. J. Li, X. Du","doi":"10.1061/9780784413234.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413234.052","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the ideas of passive energy dissipation, multi-failure and damage reduction, a multi-level control mode of seismic unseating failure for concrete girder bridge is presented. The control mode, respectively, provides: (1) displacement restriction by energy dissipation-based pier-girder connection mode; and (2) unseating prevention by girder-girder connection mode. The two-level control modes can be automatically transformed according to the preset threshold value of \"structural fuse\". Firstly, the analysis model of the multi-level control mode is established and the control mechanism is investigated. Furthermore, the nonlinear seismic responses of a concrete girder bridge equipped with multi-level control mode are analyzed based on a simplified mechanical model to examine the control effectiveness. Finally, parametric influence laws of unseating failure control effectiveness are researched. It is found that the multi-level control mode can achieve unseating failure prevention and structure safety protection effectively for girder bridges during earthquakes.","PeriodicalId":225611,"journal":{"name":"Lifeline Earthquake Engineering","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132291444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Response of Deeply Buried Pipeline Laid through a Fault to Random Ground Motion 断层深埋管道对随机地震动的响应
Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2013-12-27 DOI: 10.1061/9780784413234.023
D. Wang, J. Liang, Z. Wei
{"title":"Response of Deeply Buried Pipeline Laid through a Fault to Random Ground Motion","authors":"D. Wang, J. Liang, Z. Wei","doi":"10.1061/9780784413234.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413234.023","url":null,"abstract":"A simple model is used to study the response of deeply buried pipeline laid through a fault to random ground motion, in which the fault is simplified as a two-media site and seismic ground motions are considered as stationary stochastic processes. The cross-PSD function is calculated by wave propagation theory and random vibration theory. Then, the cross-PSD function, regarded as seismic input, is used to calculate the seismic response of deeply buried pipeline. The results show that: (1) the peak normal stress is always larger than the peak shear stress; (2) the peak normal stress for incident P-wave or SV-wave, which appears in the pipeline in the soft media, is larger than the one for incident SH-wave, which appears in the pipeline in the firm media; and (3) the peak shear stress for incident SH-wave is larger than the one for incident P-wave or SV-wave, and the peak shear stress always appears in the pipeline in the firm media.","PeriodicalId":225611,"journal":{"name":"Lifeline Earthquake Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125175382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Modeling Railway Damage due to Shake, Liquefaction, and Tsunami for the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake 2011年东北地震的震动、液化和海啸对铁路破坏的模拟
Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2013-12-27 DOI: 10.1061/9780784413234.035
T. Lai, A. Nasseri, Yue Yin, V. Katiyar, M. Turel
{"title":"Modeling Railway Damage due to Shake, Liquefaction, and Tsunami for the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake","authors":"T. Lai, A. Nasseri, Yue Yin, V. Katiyar, M. Turel","doi":"10.1061/9780784413234.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413234.035","url":null,"abstract":"A healthy and sustainable urban society depends heavily on the proper functioning of a lifeline system and its resilience in case of a disaster. While engineers seek to reduce failure probability, risk managers focus on reducing negative consequence and improving recovery time when failure occurs. Researchers at AIR Worldwide have developed an earthquake model to assess railway damage due to shaking, liquefaction and tsunami for the insurance industry. This paper describes the model and presents its application to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. The entire Japan railway system is discretized at every 1km and the model is utilized to estimate the severity and geographic distribution of damage to the aggregate of railways' components. The model is validated by comparing the results from simulations with damage observations in the affected areas. Typical results from the model can help risk managers allocate critical resources in disaster management, repair and recovery processes.","PeriodicalId":225611,"journal":{"name":"Lifeline Earthquake Engineering","volume":"474 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127551782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Damage and Restoration of Electric Power System due to the 2011 Earthquake off the Pacific Coast of Tōhoku - Effects of a Damage Estimation System for Electric Power Distribution Equipment (RAMPEr)- 2011年Tōhoku太平洋沿岸地震造成的电力系统损坏和恢复-配电设备损坏评估系统(RAMPEr)的效果
Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2013-12-27 DOI: 10.1061/9780784413234.011
Y. Shumuta
{"title":"Damage and Restoration of Electric Power System due to the 2011 Earthquake off the Pacific Coast of Tōhoku - Effects of a Damage Estimation System for Electric Power Distribution Equipment (RAMPEr)-","authors":"Y. Shumuta","doi":"10.1061/9780784413234.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413234.011","url":null,"abstract":"When a large scale earthquake occurs, since a huge number of electric power distribution equipment has been installed in many electric power supply areas, many electric power distribution equipment, such as poles, wires, transformers and service lines, are simultaneously damaged. During the emergency restoration work after an earthquake occurrence, it is usually difficult to quickly collect the damage information. Therefore, my research team developed a seismic damage estimation system, called RAMPEr, with an actual electric power company. RAMPEr was applied to the Miyagi area damaged by the 2011 earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tōhoku (the 311 earthquake) and supported the actual emergency restoration work. This paper presents the damage and emergency restoration process for the damaged electric power distribution system due to the 311 earthquake and illustrates the operation process of RAMPEr to clarify the effectiveness of the damage estimation technologies for the emergency restoration work.","PeriodicalId":225611,"journal":{"name":"Lifeline Earthquake Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114026013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Mechanics Performance Test and Seismic Behavior of a Novel 3D Isolation Bearing for Bridges 新型桥梁三维隔震支座力学性能试验及抗震性能研究
Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2013-12-27 DOI: 10.1061/9780784413234.057
J. Jia, Huihui Dong, T. Zhang, Xiu-li Du
{"title":"Mechanics Performance Test and Seismic Behavior of a Novel 3D Isolation Bearing for Bridges","authors":"J. Jia, Huihui Dong, T. Zhang, Xiu-li Du","doi":"10.1061/9780784413234.057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413234.057","url":null,"abstract":"A novel three-dimensional (3D) isolation bearing for bridge structures was proposed. The new isolation device is composed of several devices, mainly including: combined disk spring, rhombic steel plate damper, and conventional horizontal isolation device (e.g., lead rubber bearing). The configuration component and mechanical design method are introduced. Experimental testing of every main part of the novel bearing was performed to verify its mechanical performance. Horizontal and vertical pseudo-static mechanical behavior of the proposed 3D isolation bearing (3DIB) were tested on a full-scale 3DIB, respectively. Experimental testing indicated that the proposed 3DIB has reasonable configuration and an explicit mechanical transmission mechanism. The employed component in this paper can satisfy the need for 3D isolation technology from the viewpoint of configuration and mechanical aspect. Pseudo-static tests and case study revealed that appropriate energy dissipation performance can be achieved by reasonable design, keeping favorable stability at plentiful displacement.","PeriodicalId":225611,"journal":{"name":"Lifeline Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116144868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Limits on Coastal Scour Depths due to Tsunami 海啸对海岸冲刷深度的限制
Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2013-12-27 DOI: 10.1061/9780784413234.086
S. Tonkin, M. Francis, J. Bricker
{"title":"Limits on Coastal Scour Depths due to Tsunami","authors":"S. Tonkin, M. Francis, J. Bricker","doi":"10.1061/9780784413234.086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413234.086","url":null,"abstract":"Tsunami scour has received increasing attention over the past decade, given its role as a critical failure mode for building damage and, in particular, the wide scale damage to infrastructure resulting from the 2004 Sumatra Andaman Tsunami and the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami. This paper uses observed scour from these events to distinguish four primary scour mechanisms: local scour (often associated with pore pressure softening), overtopping scour, channelized scour (in which flow is concentrated in a channel), and general scour or wide area erosion. The first two of these are commonly observed to undercut buildings and other structures. Simple models are presented for these two scour mechanisms correlated to field measurements and observations, providing upper limits on the observed scour depth values. Correlation of scour behavior by soil type, common in theoretical models, is not supported by the present data set, so a general condition is recommended for current practice.","PeriodicalId":225611,"journal":{"name":"Lifeline Earthquake Engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125687723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Research on Urban Post-Earthquake Fire 城市地震后火灾研究
Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2013-12-27 DOI: 10.1061/9780784413234.008
W. Li, D. Wang, K. Zhao
{"title":"Research on Urban Post-Earthquake Fire","authors":"W. Li, D. Wang, K. Zhao","doi":"10.1061/9780784413234.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413234.008","url":null,"abstract":"Post-earthquake fire refers to the fire caused by an earthquake, directly or indirectly, which is an interlocking disaster with a complex process, involving a large number of systems engineering and uncertain factors. Post-earthquake fire has caused enormous loss of life and property in many cities. Thus, it's necessary and eager to conduct research about post-earthquake fire. In this paper, the causes, characteristics, preventive and fire-fighting strategies of post-earthquake fire are analyzed and discussed. At first, it introduces the causes and features of post-earthquake fire. Then, it shows the sources of ignition in the city. On the above basis, the preventive and fire-fighting strategies of post-earthquake fire are put forward finally.","PeriodicalId":225611,"journal":{"name":"Lifeline Earthquake Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131223118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synthetic Earthquake Ground Motions for the Design of Long Structures 长结构设计的综合地震动
Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2013-12-27 DOI: 10.1061/9780784413234.076
M. Todorovska, M. Trifunac, V. W. Lee
{"title":"Synthetic Earthquake Ground Motions for the Design of Long Structures","authors":"M. Todorovska, M. Trifunac, V. W. Lee","doi":"10.1061/9780784413234.076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413234.076","url":null,"abstract":"The SYNACC method for synthesizing earthquake ground motion time histories is reviewed, with emphasis on the recent extension to generating motions on an array of points in space. This method is a combination of empirical and physical model-based approach, and involves unfolding in time a site-specific Fourier amplitude spectrum of ground acceleration, obtained for a scenario earthquake by an empirical scaling model, or for an ensemble of earthquakes by probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. The unfolding consists of representing the ground motion as a superposition of traveling surface Love and Rayleigh waves and of body P and S waves, which propagate with phase and group velocities consistent with the dispersion characteristic of the site geology, approximated by parallel layers. The synthesized motions are site-specific and consistent statistically with observations within the recording range of typical accelerographs (0.02-25 Hz). The output consists of synthetic accelerations, velocities and displacements, and also of point strains, rotations and curvatures, at a point or at an array of points. Such time histories are useful for the design of spatially extended structures, like pipelines, bridges and tunnels.","PeriodicalId":225611,"journal":{"name":"Lifeline Earthquake Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128264523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Probability-Based Methodology for Establishing Non-Extreme and Extreme Vertical Load Combinations for Multi-Hazard LRFD of Bridges 基于概率的桥梁多危害LRFD非极值和极值竖向荷载组合建立方法
Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2013-12-27 DOI: 10.1061/9780784413234.051
Dezhang Sun, Baitao Sun, Jianwei Song, George C. Lee
{"title":"A Probability-Based Methodology for Establishing Non-Extreme and Extreme Vertical Load Combinations for Multi-Hazard LRFD of Bridges","authors":"Dezhang Sun, Baitao Sun, Jianwei Song, George C. Lee","doi":"10.1061/9780784413234.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413234.051","url":null,"abstract":"The current probability-based AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications are fully calibrated against gravity dead load and truck load. However, it does not cover extreme load effects in a consistent fashion. In this paper, a methodology is described to combine extreme and non-extreme loads. To illustrate this method, common truck load and earthquake load combinations are used. This illustration quantitatively shows that the current design practice is non-conservative if only considering peak truck load or peak earthquake load alone; and it is too conservative if the design is based on the combined peak truck and earthquake.","PeriodicalId":225611,"journal":{"name":"Lifeline Earthquake Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127193968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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