The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Thalassemia among the tribal communities of India","authors":"M. Sengupta","doi":"10.5580/9a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/9a1","url":null,"abstract":"Though the tribal communities constitute a major part of India, unfortunately they are highly vulnerable to many hereditary disorders causing high degree of morbidity and mortality. To map out thalassemia among the Indian tribes, an extensive review study was conducted from the literature published since last 20 years. Literature review shows that thalassemia and other haemoglobinopathies are highly prevalent (0.028-18%) among the tribal communities. Some types of deleterious mutation are restricted to some particular tribes. Such as tribes of Maharastrya and Gujrat have shown prevalence of 619bp deletion mutations in 49.2% and 45.5% carriers, respectively. HbS (codon 6A→T) mutant allele is widespread among many Indian tribes. HbE mutation among the Bodo Kachari of Assam is found to be the highest observed frequency in the world followed by the tribes of adjoining Tripura. The evidence of the hereditary persistence of rare HbF is also prevalent among the Indian tribes. In case of Gond in Central India, HbF levels varied as much as 42.55% with high G-gamma values. Since last 20 years the high frequencies of these mutant alleles is maintained by the tribal populations probably due to consanguinity and endogamous mating for a long period of time, along with ignorance, lack of awareness and conveyance, lowincome status and high cost of treatment make them vulnerable. Thus, action like community awareness, screening of carriers, establishment of prenatal diagnosis facilities, optimum treatment of thalassemia babies etc. should be taken immediately.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88700913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age Estimation in Children from dental Radiograph: A Regression Equation","authors":"B. Rai, S. Anand","doi":"10.5580/bcf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/bcf","url":null,"abstract":"Age estimation in children is not only important in clinically dentistry but also in forensic dentistry. The orthopantomograph samples of 435 healthy children (218 boys: 217 girls) aged between 4-16 years was selected. The purpose of present study for estimation chronological age based on the relationship between chronological age and measurement of the open apices in teeth and derived regression equations. The correlation coefficient between open apices and chronological age were highly significant. Also, number of tooth closed with apical and age showed significantly correlation.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83844522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropometric characteristics and nutritional status of adult Oraon men of Gumla District, Jharkhand, India","authors":"R. Chakraborty, K. Bose","doi":"10.5580/1f30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1f30","url":null,"abstract":"Background. According to the 2001 Census, India has a tribal population of over 84 million which constitutes 8.2 % of its total population. In general, the tribal populations of India are very undernourished. Objectives. To determine the anthropometric characteristics and prevalence of undernutrition, based on body mass index (BMI), of adult male Oraons, a tribal population of Gumla District, Jharkhand, India. Methods. A total of 205 adult (age=18 years and above) Oraon men of five villages, namely, Kubatoli, Rehetoli, Bhitar (inner) Serka, Bahir Serka, and Chera, in Gumla District, Jharkhand. These villages are located approximately 130 km from Ranchi, the provincial capital of Jharkhand. Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, circumferences and skinfolds. BMI was calculated by the standard equation. Chronic energy deficiency (CED) was evaluated according internationally accepted BMI cut-off points. Results. The means (SD) for height, weight and BMI were 161.8 (6.3) cm, 47.3 (5.3) kg and 18.0 (1.6), respectively. The prevalence of CED (BMI < 18.5) was 63.9 %. The rates of CED III (BMI < 16.0), CED II (BMI = 16.0 to 16.9) and CED I (BMI = 17.0 to 18.4) were 7.3 %, 17.6 % and 39.0 %, respectively. According to the WHO criterion, the prevalence of undernutrition was very high and the situation was critical. Conclusions. Adult Oraon men of Gumla, Jharkhand, are facing severe nutritional stress. The situation is critical, necessitating implementation of immediate nutritional intervention programs.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91437011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spousal Similarities and Differences in Physical and Cultural Traits among the Igbo Ethnic group in Nigeria","authors":"J. Ekezie, B. Danborno","doi":"10.5580/778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/778","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated spousal differences and similarity in physical selected socio-cultural traits. Forty two couples of the Ibo ethnic group of Nigeria participated in the study. Anthropometric measurement taken: weight, height, skinfold thickness, waist, hip, mid thigh, arm and forearm circumference and blood pressure (BP). Socio-cultural traits investigated were level of education, exercise and method of spousal selection. Male spouses were significantly taller (P<0.001) and had significantly higher values for systolic and diastolic (BPs), and arm circumference (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.001), hip and waist circumferences were higher in females (P<0.05, P<0.001). Marriages 15 years males were taller (P<0.001) had higher BP and forearm circumference (P<0.05) while females showed higher values for skinfold thickness. Marriages 16 years, females have significant waist and hip circumference and skinfold thickness (P<0.05, P<0.001). Only mate selection (r =0.69, P< 0.001) support the hypothesis that westernization is expected to increase spousal concordance due to the decreasing incidence of arranged marriages.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89569008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fat deposition variation between Urban and Rural Meitei women inhabiting the valley districts of Manipur, India","authors":"O. B. Devi, S. J. Singh, Naranbabu Singh","doi":"10.5580/9d4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/9d4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at finding out the variations if there be any in the skinfold thickness taken at various body sites between urban and rural Meitei women inhabiting in four valley districts of Manipur. Cross sectional data on 400 women ranging in age from 20 to 79 years were collected. The comparisons were made separately for twelve different age groups having an equal class interval of five years each. All the skinfold thickness taken at six different body sites as well as the grand mean thickness of all skinfolds were found to be higher among urban women indicating higher body fat composition among this group of women. The results indicate that, exposure to different environment has effect on body fat composition.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83917929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal age and Ethnicity in determining Demography and Selection Intensity parameters among North Indian Muslims","authors":"G. Ara, Itrat-un-Nisa, Y. Siddique, M. Afzal","doi":"10.5580/25a7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/25a7","url":null,"abstract":"Reproductive fitness is best studied by taking together a number of parameters like the mean number of offspring produced, preadolescent mortality rate, sex ratio and the rate of selection intensity. The Muslims of Aligarh city are predominantly Sunnis, though a considerable number of Shias are also there. Among the Sunnis approximately one fourth of the population is Syed, Sheikh, Moghal and Pathan, while three fourths belong to various lower Biradaris. In the present study we have reported incidence of marriage, reproductive fitness, mortality and selection forces operative among women of high rank (Ashraf) and low rank (Ajlaf) of Muslims in the northern region. Ashraf comprises sheikh, Syed and Pathan, whereas Ajlaf have Qureshi, Saifi and Ansari biradaris. Maternal age was scored as above 45 and below 45 among each of the biradaris. Significant effects of maternal age were seen on fetility, mortality, and sterility and secondary sex ratio of the offspring, whereas populations did not show consistent difference except between Ashraf and Ajlaf taken separately.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87501573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioterrorism: Historical Prospective","authors":"V. Gautam, S. Shekhar, D. R. Arora, B. Arora","doi":"10.5580/25f1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/25f1","url":null,"abstract":"Biological weapons have been a threat to human being for many centuries. Many different modes and techniques have been used since ancient times to use the biological warfare agents to kill or harm the enemy and to fulfill their evil intentions. The earliest report has been found before the birth of Christ. At those times very crude methods such as faecal matter and animal carcasses etc. were used but now the concentrated forms of biological agents such as dried spores and genetically modified organisms are available which are fatal even in minute quantity. After the two world wars there had been a race to develop deadlier biological weapons which resulted in death of millions of people and live stocks. Taking into account the potential of these biological weapons to cause mass destruction, a Convention was signed to check the production storage and use of biological weapons. For this full international cooperation is needed. The use of RaPiD-T(R-recognition, P-protection, Ddetection, and T-treatment) course can help in reducing morbidity and mortality. The Patriot act and Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness act have been passed in this regard.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"308 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76496455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychotropic or ritual use of Acacia flowers prior to abandonment of a prehistoric Mimbres-Mogollon archeological site","authors":"M. Pendleton, B. Pendleton","doi":"10.5580/1ab5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1ab5","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred twenty-eight samples of pollen were collected from 11 rooms at the NAN Ranch Ruin, a Mimbres-Mogollon archeological site in south-central New Mexico occupied from 750 to 1130 A.D. Of these 128 pollen samples, a large percentage of Acacia pollen grains was recovered only from soil sample 12. This sample was taken from soil located within a broken bowl recovered in Room 60. Room 60 is considered to be one of the last rooms occupied at this site after the continuous habitation by people for nearly 400 years. It is likely that a collection of Acacia flowers left in a bowl could account for the unusually large percentage of Acacia pollen and the unusually large pollen concentration level recovered from sample 12 (within the bowl) in Room 60. This study presents evidence for the possible ritual or psychotropic use of Acacia flowers. Laboratory Processing for this research completed at the Palynology Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. Sources of support: This research was funded in part by a Texas A&M University College of Liberal Arts Dissertation Award, a Texas A&M University Academic Excellence Award, a Texas A&M University Association of Former Students Mini-grant, and an award from the Texas A&M University Graduate Student Research Grant Award Program.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78138017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maxillary molar and premolar indices in North Indians: A Dimorphic Study","authors":"G. Agnihotri, Gulati","doi":"10.5580/166d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/166d","url":null,"abstract":"Tooth morphometry is known to be influenced by cultural, environmental and racial factors. Tooth size standards can be used in age and sex determination. One hundred models (50 males & 50 females) of normal occlusion were evaluated and significant correlations (p<0.001) were found to exist between the combined maxillary incisor widths and the maxillary intermolar and interpremolar arch widths. The study establishes the morphometric criterion for premolar and molar indices and quantifies the existence of a statistically significant sexual dimorphism in arch widths (p<0.02). INTRODUCTION Teeth are an excellent material in living and non-living populations for anthropological, genetic, odontologic and forensic investigations 1 .Their morphometry is known to be influenced by cultural, environmental and racial factors. The variations in tooth form are a common occurrence & these can be studied by measurements. Out of the two proportionswidth and length, the former is considered to be more important 2 . Tooth size standards can be used in age and sex determination 3 . Whenever it is possible to predict the sex, identification is simplified because then only missing persons of one sex need to be considered. In this sense identification of sex takes precedence over age 4 . Various features like tooth morphology and crown size are characteristic for males and females 5 .The present study on the maxillary arch takes into account the premolar arch width, molar arch width and the combined width of the maxillary central incisors in both the sexes. Pont's established constant ratio's between tooth sizes and arch widths in French population which came to be known as premolar and molar indices 6 .In the ideal dental arch he concluded that the ratio of combined incisor width to transverse arch width was .80 in the premolar area and .64 in the molar area. There has been a recent resurgence of interest in the clinical use of premolar and molar indices for establishing dental arch development objectives 7 . The present study was conducted to ascertain whether or not Pont's Index can be used reliably on north Indians and to establish the norms for the same. MATERIAL AND METHODS SELECTION CRITERIA One hundred subjects, fifty males and fifty females in the age group of 17-21 years were selected for the study as attrition is considered to be minimal for this age group. The study was conducted on the students of Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences & Research, Faridabad, Haryana. INCLUSION CRITERIA Healthy state of gingival and peridontium.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74563903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Height Estimation Using Anthropometric Measurements On X-Rays Of Wrist And Metacarpal Bones","authors":"Asude Gökmen Karaman, Hacer Ya ar Teke, I. Günay, Bülent Do an, Yasemin Bilge","doi":"10.5580/627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/627","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our study is to estimate of height from wrist radiograms. The wrist radiograms was taken from 100 healthy individuals in Ankara University Radiology Department and Orthopedics Department Hand Surgery Clinic between September 2005 and September 2006. For a common formula for the entire population, R=0.990 (correlation between the predicted value and observed values) was found between body mass index, width of the hand, width of the 3rd metacarpal, length of hand, age, width of 2nd metacarpal, length of 3rd metacarpal, body weight, and length of 2nd metacarpal, and multiple coefficient of determination (degree of explanation of the dependent variable by the independent variable) was calculated as R2= 0.9616. It was found that the fixed value and coefficients of height, length of the hand, and mass index were important. In conclusion, variables were selected with stepwise regression analyses, and accordingly, 5 regression models were established to calculate height.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80485927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}