The Dhaka University Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"Directive Leadership Style and Performance of Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises (SMES) in Nairobi County, Kenya","authors":"Lucy Atieno Ochieng, J. Koshal, Scott Bellows","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i2.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i2.191","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to examine the influence of directive leadership style on organizational performance of manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nairobi County, Kenya.  Positivism research philosophy and descriptive correlational research design were adopted.  The target population consisted of managers/owners from 425 SMEs listed members of the Kenya Association of Manufacturers in Nairobi Region. Stratified random sampling technique was then used to draw a sample size of 369 managers/owners from the total population. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires.  Binary Logistic Regression (Cox and Snell R squared) revealed that 13.7 % of the probability of organizational performance was explained by directive leadership style. The parameter estimates results indicated that directive leadership style positively and significantly predicted organizational performance, β= 3.435, p = .000, p < 0.05. Based on these results the null hypothesis that “directive leadership style does not influence organizational performance in manufacturing SMEs in Nairobi” was rejected. The study concluded that directive leadership style significantly influenced organizational performance in manufacturing SMEs in Nairobi County. The findings provide new insights for owners/managers of manufacturing SMEs on use of directive leadership style to influence performance in their organizations. However, given the differences in capacity and demographics in various counties, the study recommends a similar study to be conducted with focus on Kenya at large using a longitudinal approach and other data analysis methods to provide new understanding of the SME sector as a whole.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85707702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Leader’s Self-awareness on Employee Commitment in Agencies Implementing Public Financial Management Reforms in Kenya","authors":"Winnifred Gacheru, J. Karimi","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i2.194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i2.194","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the influence of leader’s self-awareness on employee commitment in agencies implementing Public Financial Management Reforms (PFMRs) in Kenya. Methodically, the study was guided by the positivism research philosophy. The study applied descriptive correlational research design because it reveals accurate information that allows for inferences through hypothesis testing. This approach was favored because it explains what is in existence and, in turn, assists in revealing new realities and meanings, thus broadening the scope of the phenomenon under study. The population of the study was 747 managers from the Kenyan PFMRs implementing agencies. Simple random sampling technique was adopted to select 260 managers for the study. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses methods were employed. The Binary logit regression model was significant with Chi-square χ² (1) = 133.239, p<.001, and the model summary result shows the Nagelkerke R square of .731. The study accepted the alternative hypothesis, which stated that leaders' self-awareness significantly influenced employee commitment among managers in agencies implementing PFMRs. From the empirical evidence and conclusion, the study recommends that leaders must understand themselves, recognize their strengths and flaws, and confidently convey them. By so doing, they will transfer confidence to the staff, leading to their dedication.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75948406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Tax Audits on Tax Compliance of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya","authors":"Gideon Muhwa, G. Achoki","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i2.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i2.195","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tax audits in enhancing taxation compliance among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was grounded on the economic theory of tax compliance and the target population was small and medium-sized enterprises in Nairobi County from which a sample of 399 constituting the managers and owners of SMEs in the County was obtained. The research applied the positivism research philosophy and descriptive cross-sectional design making use of a structured questionnaire for data collection. The data obtained were analyzed through descriptive and regression analysis using SPSS. The findings indicated that there was a moderate positive relationship between tax audits and tax compliance (R = 0.318). Moreover, tax audits had a significant positive influence on tax compliance among SMEs in Nairobi County, Kenya (β = 0.423, t = 7.656, p < 0.05). This, therefore, depicted that tax audit is key in enhancing tax compliance of SMEs in Nairobi County, Kenya. This study recommends that tax administrators should structure their audits to ensure at least every three years the SMEs are subjected to a tax audit. The audits can be sectoral based or based on embedded risk parameters identified by the tax administration. Besides, tax administration should have a systematic risk-based methodology that quickly identifies taxpayers to be audited and has an elaborate system of monitoring the results that come from these auditing initiatives.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84892651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Demographic Profile and Mental Health Needs of Children in Statutory Institutions of Care and Protection in Nairobi County, Kenya","authors":"Florence Mueni Muema, M. Njoroge, S. Nyagwencha","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i2.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i2.189","url":null,"abstract":"Children bring into the justice system their past and current experiences both positive and negative. Despite this, studies show that child justice systems have limited mechanisms for screening and assessment of their psychosocial needs. This lack of internal audit mechanisms by agencies can contribute to worsening of the young person’s mental status. This study screened children in need of care and protection residing in child protection units, remand homes and rescue centres in Nairobi County. Participants constituted 32 female and nine (9) male children recruited from these institutions. The Kiswahili version of strengths and difficulties questionnaire was used to determine their psychosocial needs. A brief questionnaire was developed for use in identifying their social and demographic profiles. The results showed that 64.41 % of respondents had prior contacts with the child protection system. The children had high scores in emotional (M=5.41, SD=1.78) and peer problems (M=3.24, SD=1.97). The study found an association between the nature of the statutory institution the child was residing and hyperactivity problems (p=.0.034), ethnicity and conduct problems (0.009), and between family type and prosocial behaviors (p=0.001). The study findings point to the need for in depth assessments for all children entering statutory institutions and development of evidence-based treatment programs to address their psychosocial wellbeing","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81590564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of performance appraisals on employee productivity in the banking sector in Kenya","authors":"H. Bula, Samuel Kimani Kamaru","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v1i1.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v1i1.179","url":null,"abstract":"Banks have implemented performance appraisals to enhance employee productivity whichwas triggered by the high targets set across the industry. The aim of this study was todetermine the effects of appraisals in line with the impact of performance appraisal criteria,feedback, and reward and competence assessment on employee productivity in these banks.The significance of the study is therefore of great importance to the Banks managementteams and the Banks employees. This research was based on three theories which include theAdam‘s Equity Theory, Goal Setting theory and the implicit theory which underpins thisstudy. \u0000This research applied descriptive research design. The target population was all commercialbanks in Kenya. The sampled banks were selected from a list of banks in Kenya as per theCentral Bank \u0000Classification using the systematic sampling technique. Primary data was collected using aquestionnaire which was coded and entries made into Statistical package for social sciencesfor analysis. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were carried out. The study concludedthat the main performance appraisal indicators used significantly influence employeeproductivity in Kenya‘s banking sector. It is therefore recommended that the salary receivedby the employees be commensurate with their job description and employees should receivepromotion based on their productivity and that they should be taken for further trainingfrequently.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85244587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of performance appraisal on organizational performance: an empirical study of goal setting on organizational performance in Murang’a water and sanitation companies, Kenya","authors":"H. Bula, Elijah Ng’ang’a Njuguna","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v1i1.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v1i1.180","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of performance appraisal on organizationalperformance in Murang‘a water and Sanitation Company. Specifically, the study sought toestablish the effect of goal setting in performance appraisal, on the Company‘s organizationalperformance. The study employed descriptive research survey through which primary datawas collected from 94 employees working in Murang‘a water and Sanitation Company. Datacollected was analyzed using both descriptive statistical techniques and regression analysis.The results demonstrate that employees‘ goal setting in performance appraisal significantlyinfluence organizational performance.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79539427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relational practices and performance contracts in public organizations in Kenya: A case of Kenya revenue authority","authors":"Bula Hannah Orwa","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v1i1.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v1i1.177","url":null,"abstract":"Kenya adopted Performance Contracts as a tool not only to improve performance but also torefocus the mindset of the civil service from looking within to focusing on customers andresults. The push factor for introduction of performance contracts in Kenya is the assumptionthat institution of performance measurements, customer orientation and an increased focustowards incremental productivity and cost reduction can lead to improvements in servicedelivery. The purpose of this research was to examine the performance contracts applicationat the Kenya Revenue Authority as well as the efficacy of the instrument in improvingperformance. The main objective was to determine the influence of Performance Contractingprocesses on performance management. The study adopted descriptive design and targeted120 employees of the organization who were based in the Head office; stratified samplingmethod was used.Data was collected using a questionnaire which contained both structuredand unstructured questions. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics such as mean andstandard deviation. Inferential statistics such as regression was also carried out. The dataanalysis process was aided through a Statistical Package of Social Sciences. The data waspresented using tables and graphs. The study found out that performance contract had helpedimprove service delivery in KRA and that majority of the employees had participated intraining/ sensitization workshop on performance contracting. However there was no clarity inunderstanding how training needs for individual employees were arrived at. \u0000The study also established that majority of the employees were not involved in the process ofperformance targets setting. The study concludes that KRA did not involve the employees inall stages of drawing work plans and this led to drawing targets that were not in line withindividual roles. It was also concluded that the follow up by the top management on theimplementation of the set targets was not extensive. The study recommends that theorganizations should establish and adopt performance contract system that provideopportunities to the management in identifying staff training needs, identify performancetargets, and improve employees‘ performance. There is also need for increased training andsensitization programmes and increased involvement of all the employees in the processperformance contracting.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88530865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organization culture and talent management in state corporations in Kenya: A case of Kenya broadcasting corporation","authors":"H. Bula, J. N. Kireru","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v1i1.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v1i1.178","url":null,"abstract":"In today‘s dynamic, more uncertain and highly competitive global markets, firms are faced with major decisions and challenges in the talent management area. This study is designed to explore core factors affecting implementation of talent management in the public sector with specific reference to Kenya broadcasting corporation. The study is specifically aimed at investigating how organization culture affects talent management implementation. In terms of methodology, descriptive survey research design was adopted.Stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 61 respondents from a population of 159 management employees working at Kenya broadcasting corporation. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the key organizational culture and talent management constructs. The completed questionnaires were reviewed for completeness and validity. Apart from career management issues, the main finding from this study was that organizational culture is one of the factors affecting talent management in Kenya broadcasting corporation.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91135136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workload stress and performance of nurses in government hospitals in Kenya","authors":"S. K. Lewa, Miriam Mutuku Kioko, P. Lewa","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v1i1.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v1i1.175","url":null,"abstract":"This paper looks at workload stress to establish how it influences nurses‘ levels of performance, morale and clinical outcomes in government hospitals in Nairobi Kenya. The study design utilized for this research is descriptive survey and correlation design. The key objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between work load stress and performance among public hospital workers in Kenya. A sample of 845 nurses was drawn from all the six levels of government hospitals in Nairobi County using Taro Yamanes sample size selection formula. Data collected was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Correlation analysis was employed to explore the direction and magnitude of relationship between various constructs of work load stress and employee performance. The research findings show that work load stress influences performance of nurses. Majority of respondents (79.8%) indicated that work load stress factors influence their performance ―to a great extent‖ (11.2%) indicated ―to a small extent‖. These responses were confirmed through inferential statistical analyses as discussed in the paper. Based on the findings the study recommends that adequate and modern equipment should be provided to nurses to aid them in their work and more nurses should be employed to help reduce workload stress. This is expected to lead to the boasting of the morale of nurses in government hospitals perhaps leading to fewer strikes.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90045016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"critical role universities in Africa should play in innovation for economic growth and development","authors":"P. Lewa, S. K. Lewa, Rachel Mwende M. Murigi, Faith Mumbua Mutuku","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v1i1.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v1i1.176","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the critical role universities in Africa ought to play in innovation in support of economic growth and development. The prime motivation for this paper is to propose ways universities can support economic growth and development through innovation initiatives in their operations. Innovation involves the generation of a creative idea or insight: the insight must be put into action to make a genuine difference in economic growth and development. There are a wide range of approaches to conceptualizing innovation in the scholarly literature. Innovation can be looked at from the context of technology, commerce, social system, economic development, and policy construction. Information for this research was obtained from both primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from knowledgeable individuals in terms of what they considered to be the role of the modern African university in innovation for economic growth and development. However, the paper relied more on secondary data sources available in the internet (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovation).\u0000The key finding is that universities in Africa have an important role to play in innovation but must change their modus operandi in terms of curriculum development, teaching and assessment of student learning among others in order to remain relevant to the needs of the modern economy.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76206489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}