Tectonics最新文献_第9页

Contrasting Styles of Salt-Tectonic Processes in the Ionian Zone (Greece and Albania): Integrating Surface Geology, Subsurface Data, and Experimental Models 爱奥尼亚区（希腊和阿尔巴尼亚）盐构造过程的对比风格：整合地表地质、地下数据和实验模型

IF 4.2 1区地球科学

Tectonics Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1029/2023tc008104

J. I. Soto, M. D. Tranos, Z. Bega, T. P. Dooley, P. Hernández, M. R. Hudec, P. A. Konstantopoulos, E. Lula, K. Nikolaou, R. Pérez, J. P. Pita, J. A. Titos, C. Tzimeas, A. Herra Sánchez de Movellán

{"title":"Contrasting Styles of Salt-Tectonic Processes in the Ionian Zone (Greece and Albania): Integrating Surface Geology, Subsurface Data, and Experimental Models","authors":"J. I. Soto, M. D. Tranos, Z. Bega, T. P. Dooley, P. Hernández, M. R. Hudec, P. A. Konstantopoulos, E. Lula, K. Nikolaou, R. Pérez, J. P. Pita, J. A. Titos, C. Tzimeas, A. Herra Sánchez de Movellán","doi":"10.1029/2023tc008104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023tc008104","url":null,"abstract":"The Ionian Zone (IZ) is one of the key elements of the fold and thrust belt (FTB) of the Albanian and Hellenides orogen and contains large outcrops of Triassic evaporites. The IZ consists of various thrust sheets with a general westward vergence, stacking over the Apulian and Pre-Apulian zones, and repeating a thick carbonate sequence of Upper Triassic to Eocene age. Thrusting becomes younger toward the west with a piggyback sequence, starting during the latest Oligocene Epoch in the Internal Ionian and ending in the Pliocene in the External Ionian. We have studied the IZ in southern Albania and northwestern Greece using field observations and borehole data and by fully interpreting a recently acquired 2D seismic data set. Our objectives are to establish the geometry and nature of the contacts associated with the major Triassic outcrops, to unravel precursor salt diapirs, and to assess their role during the Alpine contraction. Salt structures include gentle salt pillows, isolated salt plugs and diapirs, thrust welds, and salt walls. Combining these observations with experimental modeling results, we show how these structures control the geometry and kinematics of the Alpine thrusts or the location and kinematics of recent strike-slip faults. Salt minibasins have also been identified, demonstrating salt mobility conditioned Mesozoic sedimentation in the Ionian Basin. The use of salt-tectonics principles to evaluate the structural style and evolution of the IZ FTB also opens new directions for interpreting the subsurface structure and evolution of the region.","PeriodicalId":22351,"journal":{"name":"Tectonics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139398699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fault Geometry and Late Quaternary Kinematics Along the Tieluzi Fault: Implications for Tectonic Deformation and Eastward Expansion of the Tibetan Plateau, China 铁勒子断层的断层几何和第四纪晚期运动学：对中国青藏高原构造变形和东扩的影响

IF 4.2 1区地球科学

Tectonics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1029/2023tc008015

Xinnan Li, Ian K. D. Pierce, Kai Sun, Junjie Li, Huili Yang, Zicheng You, Shufeng Liu, Zhuqi Zhang, Chuanyou Li, Wenjun Zheng, Peizhen Zhang

{"title":"Fault Geometry and Late Quaternary Kinematics Along the Tieluzi Fault: Implications for Tectonic Deformation and Eastward Expansion of the Tibetan Plateau, China","authors":"Xinnan Li, Ian K. D. Pierce, Kai Sun, Junjie Li, Huili Yang, Zicheng You, Shufeng Liu, Zhuqi Zhang, Chuanyou Li, Wenjun Zheng, Peizhen Zhang","doi":"10.1029/2023tc008015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023tc008015","url":null,"abstract":"The Tieluzi Fault is the largest structure in the East Qinling Mountains, and is considered to be the easternmost continuation of the Altyn Tagh-Haiyuan-Qinling Fault System (AHQFS) that allows the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau and South China Block. We studied the fault geometry and kinematics of the Tieluzi Fault using field investigations, detailed interpretations of high-resolution satellite imagery and digital elevation models, and late Quaternary dating methods. Paleoseismic investigations indicate that the most recent earthquake along the Tieluzi Fault occurred before 1,500–1,300 cal. BP. Geological and geomorphological observations show that segments west of Lushi County are more active than those to the east. The spatial variations in tectonic activity along the Tieluzi Fault are interpreted to be related to four possible mechanisms: strike change, discontinuity, intersection, and branch. The late Quaternary left-lateral slip rate is determined to be 0.9 ± 0.1 mm/yr on the Tieluzi Fault. The prominent left-lateral faulting along the Tieluzi Fault suggests that most of the left-lateral displacement along the eastern AHQFS has been accommodated by the Tieluzi Fault, which forms the most frontier of the eastward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau. Furthermore, we suggest that the left-lateral faulting in the East Qinling Mountains is a response to relative eastward motion of the South China block pushed by the Tibetan Plateau with respect to the North China Plain Block. Also, our results indicate that the Tibetan Plateau has undergone a stepwise eastward expansion.","PeriodicalId":22351,"journal":{"name":"Tectonics","volume":"26 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139066160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differential Uplift Triggered Basin-And-Range System: Evidence From Low-Temperature Thermochronology in Eastern NE Asia 差异隆起触发的盆地-地幔系统：东北亚东部低温热年代学证据

IF 4.2 1区地球科学

Tectonics Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.1029/2023tc007857

Jianping Zhou, Sanzhong Li, Yongjiang Liu, Boran Liu, Weimin Li, Guangzeng Wang, Liwei Jiang, Tong Zhou, Zunting Li, Zhiqiang Feng

{"title":"Differential Uplift Triggered Basin-And-Range System: Evidence From Low-Temperature Thermochronology in Eastern NE Asia","authors":"Jianping Zhou, Sanzhong Li, Yongjiang Liu, Boran Liu, Weimin Li, Guangzeng Wang, Liwei Jiang, Tong Zhou, Zunting Li, Zhiqiang Feng","doi":"10.1029/2023tc007857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023tc007857","url":null,"abstract":"Since the Mesozoic, eastern NE Asia has experienced multiple tectonic events, resulting in a complex structure and forming one of the world's largest Meso-Cenozoic lacustrine basin systems. Presently, basin evolution models require further elucidation regarding the simultaneous generation of diverse rift basins and the potential impact stemming from the closure of the Mudanjiang Ocean, whose oceanic closure demarcated the boundary between the Songliao Basin and the eastern basins, raises questions about its influence on the development of the basin-and-range system. To address these questions, we augment new low-temperature thermochronological data on basement highs separating the eastern NE Asia basins to investigate the shallow-deep coupling process of tectonic evolution since the Mesozoic. The new cooling age pattern shows non-overlapping and spatial differences among major basement highs. Inverse thermal modeling revealed five-stage cooling episodes among the basement highs, but with different onset and cooling rates of each episode, indicating a significant differential uplift mode. A major reburial stage was identified throughout eastern NE Asia during the mid-Cretaceous. Compiling cooling age patterns and inverse thermal modeling, we note the existence of a proto-basin covering an area much larger than the previously contemplated “Pan-Sanjiang” Basin. In general, our study indicates the final closure of the Mudanjiang Ocean occurred at ca. 150–140 Ma. Since the Early Cretaceous, with changes in the subduction direction, two-stage flat slab subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate and the consequent subduction of the Pacific plate co-dominated the basements' differential uplift and the formation of the eastern NE Asia basin-and-range framework.","PeriodicalId":22351,"journal":{"name":"Tectonics","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139066217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Inherited Brittle Fabrics on Continental Rifting: Insights From Centrifuge Experimental Modeling and Application to the East African Rift System 遗传脆性结构对大陆裂陷的影响：离心机实验建模的启示及在东非大裂谷系统中的应用

IF 4.2 1区地球科学

Tectonics Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1029/2023tc007947

Yaoyao Zou, Daniele Maestrelli, Giacomo Corti, Chiara Del Ventisette, Liang Wang, Chuanbo Shen

{"title":"Influence of Inherited Brittle Fabrics on Continental Rifting: Insights From Centrifuge Experimental Modeling and Application to the East African Rift System","authors":"Yaoyao Zou, Daniele Maestrelli, Giacomo Corti, Chiara Del Ventisette, Liang Wang, Chuanbo Shen","doi":"10.1029/2023tc007947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023tc007947","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of pre-existing fabrics at all lithospheric scales has been proven to be of primary importance in controlling the evolution of continental rifts. Indeed, observations from natural examples show that even in conditions of orthogonal rifting, when extension should result in simple fault patterns dominated by normal faults orthogonal to extension vectors, inherited fabrics induce complex arrangements of differently-oriented extension-related structures. This paper explored the influence of inherited fabrics on rift-related structures by using a series of analog models deformed in a centrifuge. The models reproduced a brittle-ductile crustal system and considered the presence of pre-existing discrete fabrics in the brittle crust in conditions of orthogonal narrow rifting. These fabrics were reproduced by cutting the brittle layer at different orientations with respect to the extension direction. Modeling shows pre-existing fabrics have a significant influence on rift-related faults, provided that the angle between inherited fabrics and the rift trend is less than 45°. In these conditions, fabrics cause prominent segmentation of rift-related faults and induce the development of isolated depocenters. Pre-existing fabrics strongly influence the geometry of extension-related structures, resulting in curved fault patterns and en-echelon arrangement of oblique faults. These findings provide insights into the development of continental rift systems in nature: our modeling shows indeed significant similarities (i.e., peculiar fault architecture and geometries) with the faults in different sectors of the East African Rift System (e.g., the Magadi and Bogoria basin, Kenya Rift), testifying that reactivation of inherited fabrics is a paramount process in shaping continental rifts.","PeriodicalId":22351,"journal":{"name":"Tectonics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139066276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tectono-Stratigraphic Insights on the Dynamics of a Complex Subduction Zone, Northern Peruvian Forearc 构造地层学对秘鲁前弧北复杂俯冲带动力学的启示

IF 4.2 1区地球科学

Tectonics Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1029/2023tc007860

J. A. Lajo-Yáñez, S. S. Flint, M. Huuse, R. L. Brunt

{"title":"Tectono-Stratigraphic Insights on the Dynamics of a Complex Subduction Zone, Northern Peruvian Forearc","authors":"J. A. Lajo-Yáñez, S. S. Flint, M. Huuse, R. L. Brunt","doi":"10.1029/2023tc007860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023tc007860","url":null,"abstract":"Two main types of subduction are recognized around the world: accretionary and erosive. The northern Peruvian margin is a well-known example of a margin subjected to subduction erosion, but to date the along-margin variability and temporal changes in subduction process and forearc basin evolution have not been characterized in detail. Interpretation of regional seismic lines and integration of oil-industry wells and seafloor data captures the erosive nature of subduction underneath the forearc with only a minor accretionary component to the north. Episodes of uplift driven by plate coupling were followed by normal faulting/extensional collapse due to plate decoupling. This mechanism explains the dominance of normal faulting across the forearc until the Oligocene with a slight reactivation within the Miocene. The subduction history is complex and includes a reduction in plate convergence rate related to forearc crustal shortening, represented by large-scale structures including the Peru fault (reactivated) and the Illescas fault-propagation anticlines of the Northwest Peru transpressional system. This crustal deformation started in the Miocene. Integration with magnetic anomaly data indicates that activity of the present-day transpressional system driven by tectonic escape of the Nazca Sliver toward the northeast, may explain the seismicity gap in southern Ecuador and northern Peru. An evolutionary model of the northern Peruvian margin shows how subduction zone geodynamics left its erosive fingerprint in the forearc basin configuration.","PeriodicalId":22351,"journal":{"name":"Tectonics","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139066163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Architecture and Evolution of the Southern Chotts-Jeffara Basin, Tunisia 突尼斯南乔特斯-杰法拉盆地的结构与演变

IF 4.2 1区地球科学

Tectonics Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1029/2023tc008085

P.-O. Bruna, G. Bertotti, R. J. G. Charton, R. Dixon, A. Nasri

{"title":"Architecture and Evolution of the Southern Chotts-Jeffara Basin, Tunisia","authors":"P.-O. Bruna, G. Bertotti, R. J. G. Charton, R. Dixon, A. Nasri","doi":"10.1029/2023tc008085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023tc008085","url":null,"abstract":"Southern Tunisia is known to be less deformed and simpler than its neighboring Atlassic domain to the north. This area is complex and basin evolution in the Southern Chotts-Jeffara (SCJ) basin is debated. In this paper we combined surface and subsurface data with low temperature thermochronology (LTT) to reinvestigate the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the SCJ basin from Permian to Jurassic. We reconstruct the present-day architecture of the SCJ basin along two regional sections. In these sections, we focused mainly on regional thickness variations and on internal reflections interpreted from seismic data. We observe three structural elements: (a) A Paleozoic culmination, oriented E-W, capped by Mid-Upper Triassic deposits; (b) the Tebaga of Medenine (ToM), a culmination also oriented E-W but located ∼50 km north of the Paleozoic culmination; and (c) A Triassic culmination in the eastern part of the area, oriented NW-SE. We note the absence of major normal faults along the sections. The LTT data we present are the first published in this area and allow to reconstruct the timing and magnitude of vertical movements. These data prove: (a) exhumation at ∼230 Ma of the Permian and Lower Triassic units associated with the onset of the ToM removing locally about 900 m of pre-Cretaceous sediments; and (b) the development of the Triassic culmination ∼180 Ma removing 2000 m of pre-Cretaceous sediments in the Jebel Rehach. This study demonstrates that vertical movements in the SCJ basin are controlled by long-wavelength processes developed essentially in shortening regimes.","PeriodicalId":22351,"journal":{"name":"Tectonics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138682380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Middle Miocene Onset of the Litang Fault System Records Kinematic Change in Eastern Tibet 中新世开始的理塘断裂系统记录了西藏东部的运动变化

IF 4.2 1区地球科学

Tectonics Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1029/2023tc007931

Kai Cao, Di Zhang, Xiaoming Shen, Junfeng Zhang, Dun Wang, Yadong Xu, Guocan Wang

{"title":"Middle Miocene Onset of the Litang Fault System Records Kinematic Change in Eastern Tibet","authors":"Kai Cao, Di Zhang, Xiaoming Shen, Junfeng Zhang, Dun Wang, Yadong Xu, Guocan Wang","doi":"10.1029/2023tc007931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023tc007931","url":null,"abstract":"The ∼400-km-long Litang fault system (LTFS) is a major intracontinental strike-slip fault inside the Chuandian block, eastern Tibet, but its evolution and role in accommodating the India-Asia convergence remain poorly known. Structural analysis shows that the LTFS splits into 5 strands as a left-lateral, right-stepping en-echelon pattern formed under NW-directed compression, subsequently reactivated by transtensive faults under NNE-directed extension. Displaced geological and morphological markers yield a cumulative left-lateral offset of 28.9–42.8 km. Inverse thermal-history modeling of thermochronological data of the faulted rocks reveal accelerated cooling at 38–35 Ma, 16–13 Ma, and 7–5 Ma. The late Eocene rapid cooling is ascribed to the reactivation of the Garze-Litang suture. Rapid cooling events at 16–13 Ma and 7–5 Ma record the onset of transpression and transtension of the LTFS, respectively, yielding a geologic slip rate of 2.6 ± 0.7 mm/yr. Both bifurcated geometry and slow slip rate of the LTFS since 16–13 Ma indicate diffuse deformation inside the Chuandian block, contrasting with strain localized on fast-slip strike-slip faults on the block margins. This implies a significant kinematic transition in the middle Miocene, such that the extrusion of the segmented mega-blocks has been accommodated by both localized and distributed deformation in eastern Tibet. This tectonic transition could be explained by a change in lithospheric rheology from an earlier rigid state to a viscous state underneath the Chuandian block due to thermal weakening of the lower crust. We thus reconcile the end-member geodynamic models of block extrusion and lower crustal flow in late Cenozoic times.","PeriodicalId":22351,"journal":{"name":"Tectonics","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138682150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shale 3D Flow and Interaction With Basement Faults in the Niger Delta Deep-Water Fold and Thrust Belt 页岩三维流动及与尼日尔三角洲深水褶皱和推力带基底断层的相互作用

IF 4.2 1区地球科学

Tectonics Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1029/2023tc007957

V. Spina, S. Mazzoli

{"title":"Shale 3D Flow and Interaction With Basement Faults in the Niger Delta Deep-Water Fold and Thrust Belt","authors":"V. Spina, S. Mazzoli","doi":"10.1029/2023tc007957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023tc007957","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a large 3D seismic data set in the deep-water domain of the Niger Delta, this study challenges previous interpretations involving the occurrence of multiple detachments and extensive thrust flats, illustrating timing and mode of shales flow at the toe of the gravity system. Five units of syn-kinematic sediments, reaching a maximum thickness of ∼800 m, accumulated in the tectonically subsiding synclines during fold amplification between ∼9.5 and ∼1.4 Ma. The volumes of syn-kinematic units roughly balance those of the shales accumulated in the thickened cores of WNW trending anticlines. This feature is consistent with folding resulting from buckling controlled by the competence contrast between isopach Cenozoic units and underlying overpressured shales of the Akata Formation. A dense network of NE-SW striking oblique extensional faults offsets a prominent anticline characterized by a NE-SW trend (which is almost perpendicular to the regional fold trend). These faults form a narrow, continuous deformation zone extending for tens of kilometers along and beyond the length of the anticline. The faults, rooting within the shales of the Akata Formation, formed since ∼5 Ma and deform the seabed. Displacement distribution suggests mechanical interaction between isolated fault segments within the deformation zone. The latter is interpreted as the shallow expression of a deep-seated fault zone inherited from the segmented passive margin and marked by gravity and magnetic data. Our results, providing a comprehensive picture of active deformation features and their relationships with deep-seated faults, shed new light into the modes of interaction between gravity systems and underlying basement structures.","PeriodicalId":22351,"journal":{"name":"Tectonics","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138566468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification of Source Faults of Large Earthquakes in the Turkey-Syria Border Region Between 1000 CE and the Present, and Their Relevance for the 2023 Mw 7.8 Pazarcık Earthquake 识别公元 1000 年至今土耳其-叙利亚边境地区大地震的震源断层及其与 2023 年帕扎克 7.8 级地震的相关性

IF 4.2 1区地球科学

Tectonics Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1029/2023tc007890

S. Carena, A. M. Friedrich, A. Verdecchia, B. Kahle, S. Rieger, S. Kübler

{"title":"Identification of Source Faults of Large Earthquakes in the Turkey-Syria Border Region Between 1000 CE and the Present, and Their Relevance for the 2023 Mw 7.8 Pazarcık Earthquake","authors":"S. Carena, A. M. Friedrich, A. Verdecchia, B. Kahle, S. Rieger, S. Kübler","doi":"10.1029/2023tc007890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023tc007890","url":null,"abstract":"The 6 February 2023, Mw 7.8 Pazarcık earthquake in the Turkey-Syria border region raises the question of whether such a large earthquake could have been foreseen, as well as what is the maximum possible magnitude (Mmax) of earthquakes on the East Anatolian Fault (EAF) system and on continental transform faults in general. To answer such questions, knowledge of past earthquakes and of their causative faults is necessary. Here, we integrate data from historical seismology, paleoseismology, archeoseismology, and remote sensing to identify the likely source faults of fourteen Mw ≥ 7 earthquakes between 1000 CE and the present in the region. We find that the 2023 Pazarcık earthquake could have been foreseen in terms of location (the EAF) and timing (an earthquake along this fault was if anything overdue), but not magnitude. We hypothesize that the maximum earthquake magnitude for the EAF is in fact 8.2, that is, a single end-to-end rupture of the entire fault, and that the 2023 Pazarcık earthquake did not reach Mmax by a fortuitous combination of circumstances. We conclude that such unusually large events are hard to model in terms of recurrence intervals, and that seismic hazard assessment along continental transforms cannot be done on individual fault systems but must include neighboring systems as well, because they are not kinematically independent at any time scale.","PeriodicalId":22351,"journal":{"name":"Tectonics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138563944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Discovery of an Active Forearc Fault in an Urban Region: Holocene Rupture on the XEOLXELEK-Elk Lake Fault, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada 城市地区一条活动前弧断裂的发现:加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省维多利亚市XEOLXELEK-Elk湖断裂的全新世断裂

IF 4.2 1区地球科学

Tectonics Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1029/2023tc008170

Nicolas Harrichhausen, Theron Finley, Kristin D. Morell, Christine Regalla, Scott E. K. Bennett, Lucinda J. Leonard, Edwin Nissen, Eleanor McLeod, Emerson M. Lynch, Guy Salomon, Israporn Sethanant

{"title":"Discovery of an Active Forearc Fault in an Urban Region: Holocene Rupture on the XEOLXELEK-Elk Lake Fault, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Nicolas Harrichhausen, Theron Finley, Kristin D. Morell, Christine Regalla, Scott E. K. Bennett, Lucinda J. Leonard, Edwin Nissen, Eleanor McLeod, Emerson M. Lynch, Guy Salomon, Israporn Sethanant","doi":"10.1029/2023tc008170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023tc008170","url":null,"abstract":"Subduction forearcs are subject to seismic hazard from upper plate faults that are often invisible to instrumental monitoring networks. Identifying active faults in forearcs therefore requires integration of geomorphic, geologic, and paleoseismic data. We demonstrate the utility of a combined approach in a densely populated region of Vancouver Island, Canada, by combining remote sensing, historical imagery, field investigations, and shallow geophysical surveys to identify a previously unrecognized active fault, the XEOLXELEK-Elk Lake fault, in the northern Cascadia forearc, ∼10 km north of the city of Victoria. Lidar-derived digital terrain models and historical air photos show a ∼2.5-m-high scarp along the surface of a Quaternary drumlinoid ridge. Paleoseismic trenching and electrical resistivity tomography surveys across the scarp reveal a single reverse-slip earthquake produced a fault-propagation fold above a blind southwest-dipping fault. Five geologically plausible chronological models of radiocarbon dated charcoal constrain the likely earthquake age to between 4.7 and 2.3 ka. Fault-propagation fold modeling indicates ∼3.2 m of reverse slip on a blind, 50° southwest-dipping fault can reproduce the observed deformation. Fault scaling relations suggest a M 6.1–7.6 earthquake with a 13 to 73-km-long surface rupture and 2.3–3.2 m of dip slip may be responsible for the deformation observed in the paleoseismic trench. An earthquake near this magnitude in Greater Victoria could result in major damage, and our results highlight the importance of augmenting instrumental monitoring networks with remote sensing and field studies to identify and characterize active faults in similarily challenging environments.","PeriodicalId":22351,"journal":{"name":"Tectonics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138541396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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