{"title":"Discovering Hierarchical Processes Using Flexible Activity Trees for Event Abstraction","authors":"Xixi Lu, A. Gal, H. Reijers","doi":"10.1109/ICPM49681.2020.00030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPM49681.2020.00030","url":null,"abstract":"Processes, such as patient pathways, can be very complex, comprising of hundreds of activities and dozens of interleaved subprocesses. While existing process discovery algorithms have proven to construct models of high quality on clean logs of structured processes, it still remains a challenge when the algorithms are being applied to logs of complex processes. The creation of a multi-level, hierarchical representation of a process can help to manage this complexity. However, current approaches that pursue this idea suffer from a variety of weaknesses. In particular, they do not deal well with interleaving subprocesses. In this paper, we propose FlexHMiner, a three-step approach to discover processes with multi-level interleaved subprocesses. We implemented FlexHMiner in the open source Process Mining toolkit ProM. We used seven real-life logs to compare the qualities of hierarchical models discovered using domain knowledge, random clustering, and flat approaches. Our results indicate that the hierarchical process models that the FlexHMiner generates compare favorably to approaches that do not exploit hierarchy.","PeriodicalId":223427,"journal":{"name":"2020 2nd International Conference on Process Mining (ICPM)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124887594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Dees, Bart F. A. Hompes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst
{"title":"Events Put into Context (EPiC)","authors":"M. Dees, Bart F. A. Hompes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst","doi":"10.1109/ICPM49681.2020.00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPM49681.2020.00020","url":null,"abstract":"Business process models can be (re)constructed using event data recorded during the process’ execution. Similarly, event data can be used to verify conformance to prescribed behavior and to analyze and improve the underlying processes. However, not all events that are related to a process necessarily relate to its control-flow. Some events occur in the context of the process. In this work, we introduce the concept of context events to deal with these types of events. We show how distinguishing between contextual and control-flow events aids process discovery to obtain less complex process models. We demonstrate how visualizing context events on top of process models helps identify points in the process where context events occur often, aiding understanding. We analyze these benefits using two case studies involving real-life processes and event data.","PeriodicalId":223427,"journal":{"name":"2020 2nd International Conference on Process Mining (ICPM)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122038670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Process Mining over Unordered Event Streams","authors":"Ahmed Awad, M. Weidlich, S. Sakr","doi":"10.1109/ICPM49681.2020.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPM49681.2020.00022","url":null,"abstract":"Process mining is no longer limited to the one-off analysis of static event logs extracted from a single enterprise system. Rather, process mining may strive for immediate insights based on streams of events that are continuously generated by diverse information systems. This requires online algorithms that, instead of keeping the whole history of event data, work incrementally and update analysis results upon the arrival of new events. While such online algorithms have been proposed for several process mining tasks, from discovery through conformance checking to time prediction, they all assume that an event stream is ordered, meaning that the order of event generation coincides with their arrival at the analysis engine. Yet, once events are emitted by independent, distributed systems, this assumption may not hold true, which compromises analysis accuracy. In this paper, we provide the first contribution towards handling unordered event streams in process mining. Specifically, we formalize the notion of out-of-order arrival of events, where an online analysis algorithm needs to process events in an order different from their generation. Using directly-follows graphs as a basic model for many process mining tasks, we provide two approaches to handle such unorderedness, either through buffering or speculative processing. Our experiments with synthetic and real-life event data show that these techniques help mitigate the accuracy loss induced by unordered streams.","PeriodicalId":223427,"journal":{"name":"2020 2nd International Conference on Process Mining (ICPM)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134401926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identifying and Reducing Errors in Remaining Time Prediction due to Inter-Case Dynamics","authors":"E. Klijn, Dirk Fahland","doi":"10.1109/ICPM49681.2020.00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPM49681.2020.00015","url":null,"abstract":"Remaining time prediction (RTP) is the problem of predicting the time until a specific process step is reached in a specific process instance. Feature engineering in established RTP techniques assume that cases progress in isolation. Intercase dynamics such as batching violate this assumption, leading to high prediction errors. Yet, existing RTP techniques do not consider the nature of prediction errors to improve quality. We contribute a technique for identifying the location and context of prediction errors by visually comparing prediction and ground truth. For the case of batching, we show how to engineer inter-case features that detail the impact of batching on the remaining time. Our evaluation shows that adding intercase features improves prediction performance across almost all evaluated primary prediction methods on two real-life event logs, with error reductions of up to 37%. We finally advocate for a more thorough and transparent evaluation of prediction errors in RTP research, including our own results.","PeriodicalId":223427,"journal":{"name":"2020 2nd International Conference on Process Mining (ICPM)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132097802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florian Richter, Yifeng Lu, Ludwig Zellner, Janina Sontheim, T. Seidl
{"title":"TOAD: Trace Ordering for Anomaly Detection","authors":"Florian Richter, Yifeng Lu, Ludwig Zellner, Janina Sontheim, T. Seidl","doi":"10.1109/ICPM49681.2020.00033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPM49681.2020.00033","url":null,"abstract":"Outlier detection is one of the most important tasks to keep your processes in control. Unawareness of critical anomalies can lead to exhausting expenses, hence, it is highly beneficial to treat process failures as soon as possible. However, anomalies are difficult to detect due to their rarity though they occur too often to neglect the necessity of its detection. Even if the detection problem is solved, the treatment of singular anomalies and the adjustment of the process based on each abnormal trace is tedious and costly regarding time and money. To increase the efficiency of later anomaly treatment, we propose a novel strategy to detect collective anomalies. However, this is not equivalent to anomaly clustering as a post-processing step. TOAD orders process instances by similarity and detects abnormal accumulations of deviating cases. These collections are abnormal due to their aggregated behavior. Assuming that similar deviations are caused by the same reason, the treatment of such an anomaly is more cost-efficient than the handling of deviating singletons. Applying TOAD to an event log yields a ranking of significant, temporally abnormal trace collections, that provide a baseline for further analysis.","PeriodicalId":223427,"journal":{"name":"2020 2nd International Conference on Process Mining (ICPM)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131424986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sylvio Barbon Junior, P. Ceravolo, E. Damiani, Nicolas Jashchenko Omori, G. Tavares
{"title":"Anomaly Detection on Event Logs with a Scarcity of Labels","authors":"Sylvio Barbon Junior, P. Ceravolo, E. Damiani, Nicolas Jashchenko Omori, G. Tavares","doi":"10.1109/ICPM49681.2020.00032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPM49681.2020.00032","url":null,"abstract":"Assuring anomaly-free business process executions is a key challenge for many organizations. Traditional techniques address this challenge using prior knowledge about anomalous cases that is seldom available in real-life. In this work, we propose the usage of word2vec encoding and One-Class Classification algorithms to detect anomalies by relying on normal behavior only. We investigated 6 different types of anomalies over 38 real and synthetics event logs, comparing the predictive performance of Support Vector Machine, One-Class Support Vector Machine, and Local Outlier Factor. Results show that our technique is viable for real-life scenarios, overcoming traditional machine learning for a wide variety of settings where only the normal behavior can be labeled.","PeriodicalId":223427,"journal":{"name":"2020 2nd International Conference on Process Mining (ICPM)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128515826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guy Berkenstadt, A. Gal, Arik Senderovich, Roee Shraga, M. Weidlich
{"title":"Queueing Inference for Process Performance Analysis with Missing Life-Cycle Data","authors":"Guy Berkenstadt, A. Gal, Arik Senderovich, Roee Shraga, M. Weidlich","doi":"10.1109/ICPM49681.2020.00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPM49681.2020.00019","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring key performance indicators, such as queue lengths and waiting times, using event logs serve for improvement of resource-driven business processes. However, existing techniques assume the availability of complete life cycle information, including the time a case was scheduled for execution (aka arrival times). Yet, in practice, such information may be missing for a large portion of the recorded cases. In this paper, we propose a methodology to address missing life-cycle data by incorporating predicted information in business processes performance analysis. Our approach builds upon techniques from queueing theory and leverages supervised learning to accurately predict performance indicators based on an event log with missing data. Our experimental results using both synthetic and real-world data demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.","PeriodicalId":223427,"journal":{"name":"2020 2nd International Conference on Process Mining (ICPM)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129924758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Classifying process deviations with weak supervision","authors":"Manal Laghmouch, Mieke Jans, B. Depaire","doi":"10.1109/ICPM49681.2020.00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPM49681.2020.00023","url":null,"abstract":"Although conformance checking is great at detecting process deviations, it still poses challenges that hinders adoption in auditing practice. A major challenge is that in real life a large number of deviating cases is often detected of which only a small amount are true anomalies and thus of real interest to auditors. The number of deviations are often too large to inspect one by one, which explains why auditing requires a sample-based approach. This paper contributes to the research on the practical feasibility of continuous auditing and studies the potential of weak supervision to classify deviations into anomalies and exceptions, allowing auditors to do a full-population analysis of the identified deviations. The Snorkel framework is applied which uses a set of imperfect domain expert rules to classify the set of deviations into anomalies and exceptions. A controlled and artificial experiment has been set up to explore the relation between the performance of this approach and the number and quality of domain expert rules. The results demonstrate the potential of this approach as a limited number of medium to high quality domain expert rules succeeds to classify deviations with acceptable accuracy.","PeriodicalId":223427,"journal":{"name":"2020 2nd International Conference on Process Mining (ICPM)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130283614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Zandkarimi, Jana-Rebecca Rehse, Pouya Soudmand, Hartmut Hoehle
{"title":"A Generic Framework for Trace Clustering in Process Mining","authors":"F. Zandkarimi, Jana-Rebecca Rehse, Pouya Soudmand, Hartmut Hoehle","doi":"10.1109/ICPM49681.2020.00034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPM49681.2020.00034","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of process discovery is to visualize event log data as a process model. In reality, however, these models are often highly complex. Process trace clustering is a well-studied and powerful technique to address this. It groups an event log into more cohesive sub logs, such that the discovered process models become less complex and easier to understand. Over the past 15 years, researchers proposed various approaches for trace clustering in process discovery. The developed approaches vary greatly with regard to algorithmic capacities, data characteristics, computational complexity, and integration of additional information. In this paper, we provide a state-of-the-art analysis of trace clustering by a) performing a systematic literature review, and b) proposing a generic framework for trace clustering. Eventually, our goal is to provide an overview of current trace clustering research and a basis for developing new methods and approaches to trace clustering.","PeriodicalId":223427,"journal":{"name":"2020 2nd International Conference on Process Mining (ICPM)","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114412197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zuwairie Ibrahim, Shukri Zainal Abidin, M. Mustafa, J. Habibi, Sadiq Hussain, Taha Osman, A. Selamat, R. K. Subramanian, R. Ayani, Y. M. Teo, Kamalrulnizam Abu-Bakar, Irfan Awan Asfand-E-Yar, Norasyikin Khamis, Z. Yusof, Suiping Zhou, H. Haron, A. Abraham, Patrick Wong, M. Othman, S. Shamsuddin, Russell Cheng, M. Ngadiman, N. Safri, J. Yunus
{"title":"Conference Organization","authors":"Zuwairie Ibrahim, Shukri Zainal Abidin, M. Mustafa, J. Habibi, Sadiq Hussain, Taha Osman, A. Selamat, R. K. Subramanian, R. Ayani, Y. M. Teo, Kamalrulnizam Abu-Bakar, Irfan Awan Asfand-E-Yar, Norasyikin Khamis, Z. Yusof, Suiping Zhou, H. Haron, A. Abraham, Patrick Wong, M. Othman, S. Shamsuddin, Russell Cheng, M. Ngadiman, N. Safri, J. Yunus","doi":"10.1109/ICAC.2005.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAC.2005.66","url":null,"abstract":"Technical Program Committee Samaila Umaru, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria Yi Deng, Hunan Institute of Engineering, China Yulin Wang, Wuhan University, China Junzheng Li, Hunan Agricultural University, China Xia Liu, Hunan Normal University, China Zengfu Deng, Hunan Normal University, China Zhang Yang, Fujian University of Technology, China Chengcheng Yao, The Ohio state University, USA Yifen Li, Central South University, China Jiajia Li, Changsha University of Science and Technology, China Feng Hou, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Shengxiang Deng, Central South University, China Xun Wu, Tongji University, China Fangxiong Xiao, Jinling Institute of Technology, China Xiangqian Fan, Nanjing University, China Weizhen Chen, Tongji University, China Yaling zheng, Hangzhou Dianzi University, China Minglei Song, Henan University of Urban Construction, China Mingqi Sun, Harbin University of Science and Technology, China Srikanta Patnaik, SOA University, Bhubaneswar, India Ranjan Kumar Mallick, SOA University, Bhubaneswar, India Xiaozhou Hu, Central South University, China Huaping Liu, Tsinghua University, China Yucai Zhou, Changsha University of Science and Technology, China Hamilton Ostum, University of Arizona Tucson, USA Donovan Young, Marshall University, Canada","PeriodicalId":223427,"journal":{"name":"2020 2nd International Conference on Process Mining (ICPM)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116602414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}