Journal of Medical Academics最新文献

{"title":"Coronavirus: Ushering in a New Era","authors":"G. Koshy, Vandana Gangadharan","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10070-0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10070-0055","url":null,"abstract":"No one had ever perceived a preand a post-COVID era, but here we are. The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been overwhelmingly rapid taking on pandemic proportions in just a matter of weeks. A combined global thrust in the preparedness and response of the healthcare system is the need of the hour to combat this unprecedented challenge. Countries that have been affected maximally have valuable lessons to pass on to the world. Although the forceful containment measures implemented, especially in China, have reduced new cases drastically, this reduction is not the case in other countries.1 And India, despite its stringent measures, is now emerging at the forefront of having to face the deadly brunt of this tiny virus. One of the primary targets of the coronavirus (CoV) is the human respiratory system. Previous outbreaks of CoVs include the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV which have posed huge public health challenges. At the end of December 2019, a cluster of patients was admitted to hospitals and although initially diagnosed as pneumonia, no specific etiology could be ascertained. Epidemiological linkage to seafood and wet animal wholesale market in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China was established.2,3 As per Chinese authorities, on the initial investigation, the causative agent appeared to be a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), and other respiratory pathogens were unlikely to be behind this clustering.4 Laboratory confirmation was obtained by January 2, 2020. Out of the 41 admitted patients, less than half had underlying lifestyle diseases, such as, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.5 On January 30, 2020, WHO tentatively named the virus 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and subsequently on February 11, 2020, renamed it coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). By March 2020, it had spread across the globe involving more than a hundred countries. The first case in India was seen on the 30th of January in the Trissur district of Kerala. Today, India is one of the countries reeling under the effects of this unrelenting pandemic with more than 1,750,723 confirmed cases and 37,364 deaths (WHO Dashboard). Many a theory, including conspiracy, has to abound with this pandemic. Initially, it was thought to be a zoonotic disease and an effort was made to ascertain the reservoir host or an intermediate carrier through which infection was transmitted to humans. Despite preliminary reports indicating two species of snakes that could be a possible reservoir of the COVID-19, it has remained elusive and to date, there has been no consistent evidence of CoV reservoirs other than mammals and birds.6,7 Many reports have suggested personto-person droplet infection to be the most likely route of spread of the COVID-19 infection. Case to point being the occurrence even within families and among people who did not visit the wet animal market in Wuhan.8,9 Howev","PeriodicalId":223367,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Academics","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127236390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internet Addiction among Undergraduate Students of a Medical College in North India","authors":"Seemalata Jain, S. Garg, Vertika Agarwal","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10070-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10070-0049","url":null,"abstract":"Aim and objective: To assess the pattern of Internet use, to classify levels of Internet addiction, and to find out possible associated factors related to Internet addiction Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 on undergraduate students of a medical college. The participants were asked to fill a questionnaire that had two parts. Part 1 was a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire pertaining to sociodemographic profile and characteristics of the Internet and computer use, and part 2 contained Internet addiction scale to evaluate internet addiction level of these students. The data collected were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Results: In all, 70.6% of undergraduate medical students had some degree of Internet addiction. The factors statistically associated with Internet addiction were gender, place of living, login status, purpose of Internet use, average Internet use per day, and expenditure on Internet usage. Conclusion: According to this study, the prevalence of internet addiction was high among medical students. We recommend controlling Internet addiction by building healthy living environment around these students, promoting other activities like book reading and sports, and providing counseling to those with addiction. Clinical significance: Internet addiction is a budding health problem and more so in college students.","PeriodicalId":223367,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Academics","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116063041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Evaluation of a Novel Derivative Combination Antimicrobial Ceftriaxone + Sulbactam + EDTA against Pan-resistant Gram-negative Bacteria at a 1,000-bedded Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Northern India","authors":"Anuradha Makkar, P. Panda, Inam Danish Khan, K. Rajmohan, H. Chopra, S. Yadav, S. Mangalesh, R. Gupta, K. Tandel","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10070-0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10070-0056","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The global emergence of antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative (GN) species is a major public health concern. The emergence of pan-resistant superbugs has further led to a serious threat to global public health security. The infections with these bacterial strains are associated with prolonged hospitalization, disseminated infections, and mortality. Newer therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to be explored to avoid the problems of developing further resistance. Aim and objective: Testing of a novel antibiotic combination regimen to investigate the effectiveness in in vitro sensitivity testing against pan-resistant superbugs. Materials and methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, all pan-resistant, non-repeat, consecutive gram-negative bacteria identified through Vitek 2 compact (Biomerieux, France) automated microbiology system from intensive care unit, acute medical wards, and acute surgical wards were selected. And a novel derivative combination antimicrobial ceftriaxone 30 μg + sulbactam 15 μg + EDTA (CSE) was tested on pan- resistant microbes for possible susceptibility through Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion on Mueller–Hinton agar. Results: Ceftriaxone + sulbactam + EDTA was found effective in vitro against pan-resistant GN bacterial strains (56.94%). Among these pan- resistant GN bacterial strains, pan-resistant Klebsiella and Proteus strains were found highly susceptible (91% and 87%, respectively) to CSE. Discussion: Ceftriaxone + sulbactam + EDTA can be effective in treating pan-resistant GN bacterial strains as evident by in vitro susceptibility testing. Multiple centers involving both laboratories and patient care centers are required to coordinate and perform such types of studies to further augment the present knowledge and developing therapeutic options for these resistant superbugs.","PeriodicalId":223367,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Academics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132630878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factor Profile, Clinical and Vascular Territory Involved in Patients of Stroke Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital in India Over 1 Year","authors":"N. Verma, Amit Sreen, Prafull Sharma, V. Guleria","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10070-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10070-0037","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Recent rapid socioeconomic changes have led to a concomitant change in people’s lifestyle, leading to work-related stress and altered food habits which leads to enhanced atherosclerosis and strokes. Aim: To analyze the risk factor profile, clinical, and vascular territory involved in all patients of stroke presenting to tertiary care hospital over 1 year. Materials and methods: All cases of fresh stroke reporting, referred, or transferred to this hospital (within 2 weeks of ictus) who were more than 15 years of age were included. A detailed history was obtained regarding time and mode of onset of symptoms and risk factor details following clinical evaluation, patients underwent complete hemogram, blood sugar levels (fasting and post prandial), lipid profile, and other metabolic parameters. All patients were subjected to chest radiography 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) and two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography to detect cardiac abnormalities. Neuroimaging was performed in all in the form of noncontrast computed tomography (CT) head and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain, while magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) brain was carried out in selected cases. Results: Ischemic strokes were higher (77.4%) when compared with hemorrhagic strokes (22.6%). The maximum number of patients was in the age group of 51–60 years (37.15%). Males were more affected than females, both in ischemic as well as hemorrhagic stroke. The most common risk factor was hypertension (65.35%), followed by smoking (46.26%) and diabetes (21.05%). Alcohol usage was more significant in cases of hemorrhagic stroke (11.14%). More number of patients reported stroke symptoms on awakening in ischemic stroke. Anterior vascular territory was more involved (76.8%). Left hemiparesis was more common (62.05%), and aphasia was seen in 27.97% of patients. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory was most commonly involved (78%), and gangliocapsular region was most commonly affected (41.54%) Lacunar infarcts were seen in 22% cases. In hemorrhagic stroke, the basal ganglia was most commonly involved (56.17%), followed by thalamus (26.03%). Conclusion: Developing countries like India are facing burden of lifestyle diseases. Stroke is leading cause of death and disability in India.","PeriodicalId":223367,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Academics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130574483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foundation Course for Undergraduate Medical Education Program: A Stitch in Time","authors":"R. Chaturvedi, Rajshree Gupta","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10070-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10070-0040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":223367,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Academics","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130803960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnology in Medicine: “Future in Tiny Hands”","authors":"P. Agrawal","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10070-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10070-0041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":223367,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Academics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116146705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of English in Medical Education","authors":"Anshita Batta","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10070-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10070-0042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":223367,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Academics","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116296917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participant Perception of a CME cum Hands-on Training Workshop on Small Group Teaching Methodologies at a North Indian Medical College","authors":"N. Verma, Anuradha Makkar, P. Banerjee, B. D. Toora, A. Rautela, S. Rustagi, Charu Mohan, B. Nair, S. K. Gulati","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10070-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10070-0038","url":null,"abstract":"Ab s t r Ac t Introduction: To overcome the demerits of the traditional lectures and to promote interactive teaching learning, the Medical Council of India has introduced small group teaching and learning as an essential component of the newly introduced competency-based medical education (CBME) curriculum. Workshops are an effective method of faculty training; they can be conducted in resource poor settings, can train multiple participants at once, can target multiple topics in a short span of time, and are costand time effective even for the participants. Aim: The aim of this study was to collect and analyze feedback from the participants of a Hands-On Training Workshop on Small Group Teaching Methodologies. Materials and methods: A 1-day continuing medical education (CME) cum hands-on-training workshop was conducted at our medical college. The CME was attended by 65 delegates and consisted of 5 hands-on training workshops on fishbowl, case-based learning (CBL), snowball, jigsaw, and role play, respectively. At the end of the CME, the link to the online feedback form was shared with the participants and they were asked to fill and submit the feedback forms at the earliest. Results: Forty-seven participants responded to the online feedback form. A majority of respondents were of the opinion that the workshop was well organized. Respondents also appreciated the seating arrangements, the color coding in jigsaw, and the case scenarios in CBL and role play. Conclusion: The authors feel that more such workshops should be organized across India to better prepare the faculty for implementation of small group teaching learning under the CBME curriculum.","PeriodicalId":223367,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Academics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128855056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioepidemiological Determinants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus associated Tuberculosis Coinfection in Northern India: A 1:2 Matched Case Control Study","authors":"J. Kishore, R. Khajuria, S. Bajaj, Divyansh Bajaj","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10070-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10070-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Our study was designed to assess the sociodemographic correlates of human immunodeficiency virus infection-associated tuberculosis (HIV-TB) coinfection and elucidate its risk factors among patients attending a tertiary healthcare facility in Northern India. Materials and methods: A 1:2 case–control study, wherein the case group (patients with HIV-TB) was compared with two control groups: I group comprising patients with active tuberculosis (TB) [but without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)] and II group comprising HIV patients (who did not develop active TB during follow-up). Our questionnaire was designed to obtain data based on sociodemographic and detailed medical history. Results: Significant differences were observed on comparing gender, age, educational level, per capita income, place of residence, and occupational profile between case group and control group I. Case group was more likely to reside in urban areas ( p = 0.001) and had a lower average level of formal education ( p = 0.009) as compared to control group II. Conclusion: We found patients in the coinfected group to differ significantly from patients with active TB alone, but the trends were similar to the control group I. The most frequent high-risk behavior was observed to be unprotected sexual activity, which is in concordance with the national estimates by National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) and World Health Organization (WHO). Clinical significance: To minimize the prevalence of HIV-TB, controlling HIV transmission and disease progression in people living with HIV-AIDS (PLHAs) is crucial. Moreover, if the life expectancy of PLHAs is to be improved, HIV should be diagnosed early in the natural history of infection. of detection and duration of HIV, CD4 count, risk factors, and family history of HIV-TB. The data were analyzed using Epi info ver.7 software. Univariate analysis was carried out for the association of clinical, laboratory, and sociodemographic variables. Crude ORs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. The level of significance was set at 0.05.","PeriodicalId":223367,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Academics","volume":"531 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132122968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clostridioides difficile: An Overview of Current Diagnostic and Infection Prevention Modalities","authors":"Anuradha Makkar, P. Banerjee, Sachin Kishore, S. Kaira","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10070-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10070-0043","url":null,"abstract":"Clostridioides difficile, previously known as Clostridium difficile, has been recognized as an emerging nosocomial pathogen in recent years. Among hospitalized patients, it’s a leading cause of increased mortality and morbidity. Earlier C. difficile infection (CDI) was not recognized for high morbidity and prolonged hospital stay. But, in last few decades due to uncontrolled usage of antibiotic and immunosuppressive drugs, CDI has increased in frequency and severity. Besides nonmodifiable risk factors, exposure to antibiotics is a single most modifiable risk factor. Various methods for diagnosis of CDI are known these days like toxigenic culture (TC) and cell cytotoxicity neutralization assay (CCNA), available only in reference laboratories. Other methods like enzyme immunoassays (EIA) for toxins A, B, and/or glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are routinely used for CDI diagnosis; however, each diagnostic test has some limitations. Early CDI diagnosis is critical for early treatment and effective infection control measures to reduce the morbidity and mortality and preventing outbreak. Poor infection control practices further contribute in spread of CDI and environmental contamination by spores of C. difficile. Therefore, a correct and authentic diagnostic modality that can be used to characterize CDI vs colonization and making an effective infection control policy for CDI are urgently needed for prevention of occurrence of CDI.","PeriodicalId":223367,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Academics","volume":"9 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131562751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}