Insights into Economics and Management Vol. 12最新文献

{"title":"The U. S. Men’s Shaving Gel Market: A Competitive Profile1","authors":"Y. Datta","doi":"10.9734/bpi/ieam/v12/9786d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ieam/v12/9786d","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a part of twelve studies that have tried to analyze the competitive profile of U.S. consumer markets: Men’s Shaving Gel, Beer, Shampoo, Shredded/Grated Cheese, Refrigerated Orange Juice, Men’s Razor-Blades, Women’s Razor-Blades, Toothpaste, Canned Soup, Coffee, Potato Chips, and Alkaline AA Battery. \u0000Porter associates high market share with cost leadership strategy which is based on the idea of competing on a price that is lower than that of the competition. However, customer-perceived quality—not low cost—should be the underpinning of competitive strategy, because it is far more vital to long-term competitive position and profitability than any other factor. So, a superior alternative is to offer better quality vs. the competition.\u0000In most consumer markets a business seeking market share leadership should try to serve the middle class by competing in the mid-price segment; and offering quality better than that of the competition: at a price somewhat higher to signify an image of quality, and to ensure that the strategy is both profitable and sustainable in the long run.\u0000Quality, however, is a complex concept consumers generally find difficult to understand. So, they often use relative price, and a brand’s reputation, as a symbol of quality.\u0000The total sales of the U.S. Men’s Gel market in 2008 were $ 131 million. We found that the 7-oz Gel was the most popular size with 2008 sales of $116 million. So, we have focused our analysis on this package.\u0000Using Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, we tested two hypotheses: (1) That the market leader is likely to compete in the mid-price segment, and that (2) Its unit price is likely to be higher than that of the nearest competition.\u0000The results supported both Hypothesis I and II for 2008 and 2007. Both the market leader Edge and the runner-up Gillette Series were members of the mid-price segment. Furthermore, the unit price of Edge was higher than that of Gillette Series, as we have hypothesized.\u0000We found that relative price was a strategic variable, as hypothesized.\u0000We also discovered five strategic groups in the industry.","PeriodicalId":223205,"journal":{"name":"Insights into Economics and Management Vol. 12","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128847162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distributive Justice and the Second Law","authors":"O. Kafri, Eli Fishof","doi":"10.9734/bpi/ieam/v12/1732c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ieam/v12/1732c","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":223205,"journal":{"name":"Insights into Economics and Management Vol. 12","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128787807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Naturalization: The Case for Constitutional Reform to Extend Citizenship to Immigrant in Liberia","authors":"Stephen H. Gobewole","doi":"10.9734/bpi/ieam/v12/2655f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ieam/v12/2655f","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines critical elements of extending citizenship to entrepreneurial minority groups (Lebanese, Mandingos, Indians, Nigerians, and Westerners) and Liberian dual citizens in Liberia by analyzing survey, remittance, and naturalization data collected by Afrobarometer (Round 5 and 6 Surveys), USD Explorer, 2015 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics, and TLC Africa from 2011 to 2015. This is accomplished by correlating associations between variables including Liberians’ gender in survey responses, attitudes of West African countries, Liberian naturalization in advanced countries, and Liberia’s remittances (inflow and outflow) to show the economic advantages of awarding citizenship to foreigners. The long run result reveals that attracting entrepreneurial groups increases investment in new domestic firms, which will likely lead to transformation in national industries, enhancement of citizens’ technical skills, creation of permanent employment, and improvement of citizens’ living standards, as well as increased democratization.","PeriodicalId":223205,"journal":{"name":"Insights into Economics and Management Vol. 12","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129273790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the Milk Consumption and Supply of Ulaanbaatar City","authors":"I. Bazarragchaa, Gerelkhuu Tugsuu, Nyambat Luvsandorj","doi":"10.9734/bpi/ieam/v12/2116f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ieam/v12/2116f","url":null,"abstract":"Ulaanbaatar (UB) is not only Mongolia's capital and largest city, but it is also the country's fastest growing city. Those who live in urban areas, particularly UB city, are need to consume the most milk. The current level of domestic liquid milk production is inadequate to meet the requirements of the capital city and other major cities. The goal of this study is to analyse the market equilibrium of the liquid milk (estimations were based on cow milk, which has a higher yield than milk from other species of five types of livestock) market in UB city and determine the level of milk supply. Regression analyses were used to estimate functional forms and other required statistical-econometrical variables utilizing market theory, including demand and supply analyses. Secondary data acquired from the National Statistical Office (2004-2019) and adult equivalence conversion process cited from methodological guidance. According to the study results, main finding was comparatively bigger deficit of liquid milk market of UB warn weak position of liquid milk security level (1125.21 t <669.7 t). As a result, it should be desired to promote domestic liquid milk producers in order to improve market conditions as well as national food security concerns. It is apparent that in order to fulfil future demands, more advanced development of intensified dairy farms and support for their activities would be required.","PeriodicalId":223205,"journal":{"name":"Insights into Economics and Management Vol. 12","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120891253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Development and Small Businesses in Japan1","authors":"Katsuhiko Hirasawa, Pei Xiong, Yutaka Takakubo, Jin Yu","doi":"10.9734/BPI/IEAM/V12/2646F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BPI/IEAM/V12/2646F","url":null,"abstract":"Japan's economy lost most of its industrial production force because of World War II. However, from 1955 onwards, Japan achieved rapid economic growth, joining the group of the world's most developed countries by the early 1970s. The period from 1955 to the early 1970s is generally regarded as a period of High Economic Growth. There are various opinions regarding the factors that enabled Japan to attain such high economic growth, referred to as the Economic Miracle. It can be said that Japan's post-war economic development was the result of advancements in technological innovation based on financial assistance from the United States, which established Japan's position in the world economy, loans from the bank, and the introduction of technology from abroad. Needless to say, the \"High growth of post-war Japanese capitalism has not been achieved only by giant companies alone. On the contrary, without small businesses, especially in their roles as subcontractors, it would have been impossible to achieve such high growth, which has drawn attention internationally.\" (Nomura, 1981; 126) The purpose of this article is to make clear the role of small businesses in the process of economic development.","PeriodicalId":223205,"journal":{"name":"Insights into Economics and Management Vol. 12","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116363849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}