Advanced Photonics Nexus最新文献

{"title":"Janus vortex beams realized via liquid crystal Pancharatnam–Berry phase elements","authors":"B. Wei, Yuan Zhang, Haozhe Xiong, Sheng Liu, Peng Li, Dandan Wen, Jianlin Zhao","doi":"10.1117/1.APN.1.2.026003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.APN.1.2.026003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Emerging as a family of waves, Janus waves are known to have “real” and “virtual” components under inversion of the propagation direction. Although tremendous interest has been evoked in vortex beams featuring spiral wavefronts, little research has been devoted to the vortex beam embedded Janus waves, i.e., Janus vortex beams. We propose a liquid crystal (LC) Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase element to demonstrate the realization of the Janus vortex beams and the modulation of the associated orbit angular momentum (OAM) and spin angular momentum (SAM). The generated Janus vortex beams show opposite OAM and SAM states at two distinct foci, revealing a spin-orbit interaction during propagation enabled by the LC PB phase element, which may play special roles in applications such as optical encryption and decryption. Other merits like reconfigurability and flexible switching between Janus vortex beams and autofocusing or autodefocusing vortex beams additionally increase the degree of freedom of manipulating vortex beams. This work provides a platform for tailoring complex structured light and may enrich the applications of vortex beams in classical and quantum optics.","PeriodicalId":223078,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Nexus","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115959581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Centimeter scale color printing with grayscale lithography","authors":"Yu Chen, Yang Li, Wenhao Tang, Yutao Tang, Yue Hu, Zixian Hu, Junhong Deng, K. Cheah, Guixin Li","doi":"10.1117/1.APN.1.2.026002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.APN.1.2.026002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Structural color from artificial structures, due to its environmental friendliness and excellent durability, represents a route for color printing applications. Among various physical mechanisms, the Fabry–Perot (F–P) cavity effect provides a powerful way to generate vivid colors in either the reflection or transmission direction. Most of the previous F–P type color printing works rely on electron beam grayscale lithography, however, with this technique it is challenging to make large-area and low-cost devices. To circumvent this constraint, we propose to fabricate the F–P type color printing device by the laser grayscale lithography process. The F–P cavity consists of two thin silver films as mirrors and a photoresist film with a spatially variant thickness as the spacer layer. By controlling the laser exposure dose pixel by pixel, a centimeter-scale full-color printing device with a spatial resolution up to 5  μm  ×  5  μm is demonstrated. The proposed large area color printing device may have great potential in practical application areas such as color displays, hyperspectral imaging, advanced painting, and so on.","PeriodicalId":223078,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Nexus","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122621761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct laser-written aperiodic photonic volume elements for complex light shaping with high efficiency: inverse design and fabrication","authors":"Nicolas Barr'e, R. Shivaraman, S. Moser, P. Salter, M. Schmidt, M. Booth, A. Jesacher","doi":"10.1117/1.APN.2.3.036006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.APN.2.3.036006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Light plays a central role in many applications. The key to unlocking its versatility lies in shaping it into the most appropriate form for the task at hand. Specifically tailored refractive index modifications, directly manufactured inside glass using a short pulsed laser, enable an almost arbitrary control of the light flow. However, the stringent requirements for quantitative knowledge of these modifications, as well as for fabrication precision, have so far prevented the fabrication of light-efficient aperiodic photonic volume elements (APVEs). Here, we present a powerful approach to the design and manufacturing of light-efficient APVEs. We optimize application-specific three-dimensional arrangements of hundreds of thousands of microscopic voxels and manufacture them using femtosecond direct laser writing inside millimeter-sized glass volumes. We experimentally achieve unprecedented diffraction efficiencies up to 80%, which is enabled by precise voxel characterization and adaptive optics during fabrication. We demonstrate APVEs with various functionalities, including a spatial mode converter and combined intensity shaping and wavelength multiplexing. Our elements can be freely designed and are efficient, compact, and robust. Our approach is not limited to borosilicate glass but is potentially extendable to other substrates, including birefringent and nonlinear materials, giving a preview of even broader functionalities, including polarization modulation and dynamic elements.","PeriodicalId":223078,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Nexus","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115574615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sibling Journal to Advanced Photonics: Advanced Photonics Nexus","authors":"Xiaocong Yuan, A. Zayats, Weibiao Chen","doi":"10.1117/1.apn.1.1.010101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.apn.1.1.010101","url":null,"abstract":"Since its first issue launched in January of 2019, Advanced Photonics has been a new member in the global optics and photonics family for more than three years. Advanced Photonics received its first Impact Factor of 13.582 in June this year and is ranked in the top 5 in the Optics and Photonics journal category. This successful experience encouraged us to consider a broader publication strategy in order to better serve the global optics and photonics community. We are very pleased to introduce a second member of our journal family, Advanced Photonics Nexus, which launches this month. In this inaugural issue, we feature one review article and five original articles covering fast-developing fields of modern optics and photonics. The review article focuses on deep learning spatial phase unwrapping and provides a detailed comparison of these deep-learningbased methods and traditional methods in the same context. Since Allen et al. demonstrated 30 years ago that beams with helical wavefronts carry orbital angular momentum (OAM), research on OAM has blossomed. We feature two research articles on OAM. Fu et al. present the OAM comb generation from azimuthal binary phases, a simple approach that opens new prospects for OAM spectrum manipulation and paves the way for many applications. Yang et al. present multiwavelength high-order optical vortex detection and demultiplexing coding using a metasurface. Its realization with a metasurface enables the combined measurements of OAM, the radial index, and wavelength using a single optical component. The issue also features three research articles on nonlinear, quantum, and integrated photonics. Liu et al. present an ultra-broadband and low-loss edge coupler for highly efficient second harmonic generation in thin-film lithium niobate and demonstrate greatly reduced power consumption in nonlinear frequency conversion. Wang et al. show the deterministic generation of large-scale hyperentanglement in three degrees of freedom. Such large-scale continuous variable superentanglement is deterministically generated experimentally for the first time, and the quantum entanglement capacity in continuous variable system is greatly improved. McGarvey and Bianucci present the general treatment of dielectric perturbations in optical rings; a formalism is introduced to describe the resonances in optical ring resonators subjected to a perturbation in their dielectric profile. Not only is this invaluable information for practical implementation of integrated photonics devices where fabrication inhomogeneities are always present, but also this formalism provides interesting insights on the effect of general perturbations. Advanced Photonics Nexus is designed as a Gold Open Access journal that publishes novel results of high significance and broad interest in all areas of optics and photonics. It publishes high-quality original papers, letters, and review articles, reflecting important advances in fundamental and applied aspects of","PeriodicalId":223078,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Nexus","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127618070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the Cover: Advanced Photonics Nexus Volume 1, Issue 1","authors":"Shiyao Fu, Zijun Shang, L. Hai, Lei Huang, Yanlai Lv","doi":"10.1117/1.APN.1.1.019901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.APN.1.1.019901","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The article provides information about the image on the cover of Advanced Photonics Nexus, Volume 1, Issue 1.","PeriodicalId":223078,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Nexus","volume":"291 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134422087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional interface between integrated photonics and free space","authors":"Q. Tanguy, Arnab Manna, Saswata Mukherjee, David Sharp, E. Bayati, Yueyang Chen, Karl F. Boehringer, A. Majumdar","doi":"10.1117/1.APN.2.3.036012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.APN.2.3.036012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The combination of photonic integrated circuits and free-space metaoptics has the ability to untie technological knots that require advanced light manipulation due to their conjoined ability to achieve strong light–matter interaction via wave-guiding light over a long distance and shape them via large space-bandwidth product. Rapid prototyping of such a compound system requires component interchangeability. This represents a functional challenge in terms of fabrication and alignment of high-performance optical systems. Here, we report a flexible and interchangeable interface between a photonic integrated circuit and the free space using an array of low-loss metaoptics and demonstrate multifunctional beam shaping at a wavelength of 780 nm. We show that robust and high-fidelity operation of the designed optical functions can be achieved without prior precise characterization of the free-space input nor stringent alignment between the photonic integrated chip and the metaoptics chip. A diffraction limited spot of ∼3  μm for a hyperboloid metalens of numerical aperture 0.15 is achieved despite an input Gaussian elliptical deformation of up to 35% and misalignments of the components of up to 20  μm. A holographic image with a peak signal-to-noise ratio of >10  dB is also reported.","PeriodicalId":223078,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Nexus","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123292401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-seeded free-electron lasers with orbital angular momentum","authors":"Jiawei Yan, G. Geloni","doi":"10.1117/1.APN.2.3.036001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.APN.2.3.036001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. X-ray beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) are an emerging tool for probing matter. Optical elements, such as spiral phase plates and zone plates, have been widely used to generate OAM light. However, due to the high impinging intensities, these optics are challenging to use at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). Here, we propose a self-seeded free-electron laser (FEL) method to produce intense X-ray vortices. Unlike passive filtering after amplification, an optical element will be used to introduce the helical phase to the radiation pulse in the linear regime, significantly reducing thermal load on the optical element. The generated OAM pulse is then used as a seed and significantly amplified. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate that the power of the OAM seed pulse can be amplified by more than two orders of magnitude, reaching peak powers of several tens of gigawatts. The proposed method paves the way for high-power and high-repetition-rate OAM pulses of XFEL light.","PeriodicalId":223078,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Nexus","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131161188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward augmenting tip-enhanced nanoscopy with optically resolved scanning probe tips","authors":"J. Belhassen, Simcha Glass, Eti Teblum, G. Stanciu, D. Tranca, Z. Zalevsky, S. Stanciu, A. Karsenty","doi":"10.1117/1.APN.2.2.026002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.APN.2.2.026002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A thorough understanding of biological species and emerging nanomaterials requires, among other efforts, their in-depth characterization through optical techniques capable of nanoresolution. Nanoscopy techniques based on tip-enhanced optical effects have gained tremendous interest over the past years, given their potential to obtain optical information with resolutions limited only by the size of a sharp probe interacting with focused light, irrespective of the illumination wavelength. Although their popularity and number of applications is rising, tip-enhanced nanoscopy (TEN) techniques still largely rely on probes that are not specifically developed for such applications, but for atomic force microscopy. This limits their potential in many regards, e.g., in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, attainable image quality, or extent of applications. We take the first steps toward next-generation TEN by demonstrating the fabrication and modeling of specialized TEN probes with known optical properties. The proposed framework is highly flexible and can be easily adjusted to be used with diverse TEN techniques, building on various concepts and phenomena, significantly augmenting their function. Probes with known optical properties could potentially enable faster and more accurate imaging via different routes, such as direct signal enhancement or facile and ultrafast optical signal modulation. We consider that the reported development can pave the way for a vast number of novel TEN imaging protocols and applications, given the many advantages that it offers.","PeriodicalId":223078,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Nexus","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126901024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep-tissue two-photon microscopy with a frequency-doubled all-fiber mode-locked laser at 937 nm","authors":"Hongsen He, Huajun Tang, Meng Zhou, H. Ming Lai, T. Qiao, Yuxuan Ren, Cora S. W. Lai, H. Ko, Xiaoming Wei, Zhongmin Yang, K. Tsia, Kenneth K. Y. Wong","doi":"10.1117/1.APN.1.2.026001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.APN.1.2.026001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In two-photon microscopy, low illumination powers on samples and a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the excitation laser are highly desired for alleviating the problems of photobleaching and phototoxicity, as well as providing clean backgrounds for images. However, the high-repetition-rate Ti:sapphire laser and the low-SNR Raman-shift lasers fall short of meeting these demands, especially when used for deep penetrations. Here, we demonstrate a 937-nm laser frequency-doubled from an all-fiber mode-locked laser at 1.8  μm with a low repetition rate of ∼9  MHz and a high SNR of 74 dB. We showcase two-photon excitations with low illumination powers on multiple types of biological tissues, including fluorescence imaging of mouse brain neurons labeled with green and yellow fluorescence proteins (GFP and YFP), DiI-stained and GFP-labeled blood vessels, Alexa Fluor 488/568-stained mouse kidney, and second-harmonic-generation imaging of the mouse skull, leg, and tail. We achieve a penetration depth in mouse brain tissues up to 620  μm with an illumination power as low as ∼10  mW, and, even for the DiI dye with an extremely low excitation efficiency of 3.3%, the penetration depth is still up to 530  μm, indicating that the low-repetition-rate source works efficiently for a wide range of dyes with a fixed excitation wavelength. The low-repetition-rate and high-SNR excitation source holds great potential for biological investigations, such as in vivo deep-tissue imaging.","PeriodicalId":223078,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Nexus","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129590052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiwavelength high-order optical vortex detection and demultiplexing coding using a metasurface","authors":"Dahai Yang, Jie Lin, Chen Chen, C. Li, Junbo Hao, Baiying Lv, Keya Zhou, Yiqun Wang, Peng Jin","doi":"10.1117/1.APN.1.1.016005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.APN.1.1.016005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Orbital angular momentum (OAM) of an optical vortex has attracted great interest from the scientific community due to its significant values in high-capacity optical communications such as mode or wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer. Although several configurations have been developed to demultiplex an optical vortex, the multiwavelength high-order optical vortex (HOOV) demultiplexer remains elusive due to lack of effective control technologies. In this study, we present the design, fabrication, and test of metasurface optical elements for multiwavelength HOOV demultiplexing based on optical gyrator transformation transformations in the visible light range. Its realization in a metasurface form enables the combined measurement of OAM, the radial index p, and wavelength using a single optical component. Each wavelength channel HOOV can be independently converted to a high-order Hermitian–Gaussian beam mode, and each of the OAM beams is demultiplexed at the converter output. Furthermore, we extend the scheme to realize encoding of the three-digit gray code by controlling the wavelength or polarization state. Experimental results obtained at three wavelengths in the visible band exhibit good agreement with the numerical modeling. With the merits of ultracompact device size, simple optical configuration, and HOOV recognition ability, our approach may provide great potential applications in photonic integrated devices and systems for high-capacity and demultiplex-channel OAM communication.","PeriodicalId":223078,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Nexus","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129958658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}