S. Wang, Pengfei Shao, Ting Zhi, Zhujun Gao, Wenhao Chen, Lin Hao, Q. Cai, Jin Wang, J. Xue, Bin Liu, Dunjun Chen, Lianhui Wang, Rong Zhang
{"title":"Structural designs of AlGaN/GaN nanowire-based photoelectrochemical photodetectors: carrier transport regulation in GaN segment as current flow hub","authors":"S. Wang, Pengfei Shao, Ting Zhi, Zhujun Gao, Wenhao Chen, Lin Hao, Q. Cai, Jin Wang, J. Xue, Bin Liu, Dunjun Chen, Lianhui Wang, Rong Zhang","doi":"10.1117/1.APN.2.3.036003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.APN.2.3.036003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The AlGaN/GaN p–n junction has received extensive attention due to its capability of rapid photogenerated carrier separation in photodetection devices. The AlGaN/GaN heterojunction nanowires (NWs) have been especially endowed with new life for distinctive transport characteristics in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) detection field. A self-powered PEC ultraviolet photodetector (PEC UV PD) based on the p-AlGaN/n-GaN heterojunction NW is reported in this work. The n-GaN NW layer plays a crucial role as a current flow hub to regulate carrier transport, which mainly acts as a light absorber under 365 nm and carrier recombination layer under 255 nm illumination, which can effectively modulate photoresponsivity at different wavelengths. Furthermore, by designing the thicknesses of the NW layer, the photocurrent polarity reversal was successfully achieved in the constructed AlGaN/GaN NW PEC UV PD at two different light wavelengths. In addition, by combining with platinum decoration, the photoresponse performance could be further enhanced. Our work provides insight into transport mechanisms in the AlGaN/GaN NW PEC system, and offers a feasible and comprehensive strategy for further exploration of multifunctional optoelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":223078,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Nexus","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132099184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yize Liang, Chengkun Cai, Kangrui Wang, X. Lian, Jue Wang, Jinfeng Liu, Lei Shen, Jian Wang
{"title":"Low-insertion-loss femtosecond laser-inscribed three-dimensional high-density mux/demux devices","authors":"Yize Liang, Chengkun Cai, Kangrui Wang, X. Lian, Jue Wang, Jinfeng Liu, Lei Shen, Jian Wang","doi":"10.1117/1.APN.2.3.036002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.APN.2.3.036002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Recently, transmitting diverse signals in different cores of a multicore fiber (MCF) has greatly improved the communication capacity of a single fiber. In such an MCF-based communication system, mux/demux devices with broad bandwidth are of great significance. In this work, we design and fabricate a 19-channel mux/demux device based on femtosecond laser direct writing. The fabricated mux/demux device possesses an average insertion loss of 0.88 dB and intercore crosstalk of no more than − 29.1 dB. Moreover, the fabricated mux/demux device features a broad bandwidth across the C+L band. Such a mux/demux device enables low-loss 19-core fiber (de)multiplexing over the whole C+L band, showing a convincing potential value in wavelength-space division multiplexing applications. In addition, a 19-core fiber fan-in/fan-out system is also established based on a pair of mux/demux devices in this work.","PeriodicalId":223078,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Nexus","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124061030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanis Taege, T. S. Winter, S. L. Schulz, B. Messerschmidt, cCauglar Ataman
{"title":"Generation of biaxially accelerating static Airy light-sheets with 3D-printed freeform micro-optics","authors":"Yanis Taege, T. S. Winter, S. L. Schulz, B. Messerschmidt, cCauglar Ataman","doi":"10.1117/1.apn.2.5.056005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.apn.2.5.056005","url":null,"abstract":"One-dimensional Airy beams allow the generation of thin light-sheets without scanning, simplifying the complex optical arrangements of light-sheet microscopes (LSM) with an extended field-of-view (FOV). However, their uniaxial acceleration limits the maximum numerical aperture of the detection objective in order to keep both the active and inactive axes within the depth-of-field. This problem is particularly pronounced in miniaturized LSM implementations, such as those for endomicroscopy or multi-photon neural imaging in freely-moving animals using head-mounted miniscopes. We propose a new method to generate a static Airy light-sheet with biaxial acceleration, based on a novel phase profile. This light-sheet has the geometry of a spherical shell whose radius of curvature can be designed to match the field curvature of the micro-objective. We present an analytical model for the analysis of the light-sheet parameters and verify it by numerical simulations in the paraxial regime. We also discuss a micro-optical experimental implementation combining gradient-index optics with a 3D-nano-printed, fully refractive phase plate. The results confirm that we are able to match detection curvatures with radii in the 1.5 to 2 mm range.","PeriodicalId":223078,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Nexus","volume":"9 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120931341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zheng Ge, Zhi-yuan Zhou, Jing-Xin Cheng, Li Chen, Yin-hai Li, Yan Li, Subin Niu, B. Shi
{"title":"Thermal camera based on frequency upconversion and its noise-equivalent temperature difference characterization","authors":"Zheng Ge, Zhi-yuan Zhou, Jing-Xin Cheng, Li Chen, Yin-hai Li, Yan Li, Subin Niu, B. Shi","doi":"10.1117/1.APN.2.4.046002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.APN.2.4.046002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We present a scheme for estimating the noise-equivalent temperature difference (NETD) of frequency upconversion detectors (UCDs) that detect mid-infrared (MIR) light. In particular, we investigate the frequency upconversion of a periodically poled crystal based on lithium niobate, where an MIR conversion bandwidth of 220 nm can be achieved in a single-poled period by a special design. Experimentally, for an MIR radiating target at a temperature of 95°C, the NETD of the device was estimated to be 56 mK with an exposure time of 1 s. Meanwhile, a direct measurement of the NETD was performed utilizing conventional methods, which resulted in 48 mK. We also compared the NETD of our UCD with commercially available direct MIR detectors. We show that the limiting factor for further NETD reduction of our device is not primarily from the upconversion process and camera noise but from the limitations of the heat source and laser performance. Our detectors have good temperature measurement performance and can be used for a variety of applications involving temperature object identification and material structure detection.","PeriodicalId":223078,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Nexus","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126111514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guyue Hu, Qiao Ran, Beth Wing Lam So, Mingsheng Li, Jiawei Shi, Xin Dong, Jiqiang Kang, Kenneth K. Y. Wong
{"title":"Noncontact photoacoustic lipid imaging by remote sensing on first overtone of the C-H bond","authors":"Guyue Hu, Qiao Ran, Beth Wing Lam So, Mingsheng Li, Jiawei Shi, Xin Dong, Jiqiang Kang, Kenneth K. Y. Wong","doi":"10.1117/1.APN.2.2.026011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.APN.2.2.026011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Lipid imaging by conventional photoacoustic microscopy subjects to direct contact sensing with relatively low detection bandwidth and sensitivity, which induces superficial imaging depth and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in practical imaging scenarios. Herein, we present a photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy for lipid distribution mapping in bio-tissue, featuring noncontact implementation, broad detection bandwidth, deep penetration depth, and high SNR. A tailored high-energy pulsed laser source with a spectrum centered at 1750 nm is used as the excitation beam, while a cofocused 1550 nm continuous-wave beam is used as the probe signal. The pump wavelength is selected to overlap the first overtone of the C-H bond in response to the intensive absorption of lipid molecules, which introduces a much-enhanced SNR (55 dB) onto photoacoustic remote sensing (PARS) signals. Meanwhile, the optical sensing scheme of the photoacoustic signals provides broadband detection compared to the acoustic transducer and refrains the bio-samples from direct contact operations by eliminating the ultrasonic coupling medium. Taking merits of the high detection sensitivity, deep penetration depth, broadband detection, and high resolution of the PARS system, high-quality tissue scale lipid imaging is demonstrated in a model organism and brain slice.","PeriodicalId":223078,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Nexus","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122606111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scattered light imaging beyond the memory effect using the dynamic properties of thick turbid media","authors":"Yuyang Shui, Ting Wang, Jianying Zhou, Xin Luo, Yikun Liu, Haowen Liang","doi":"10.1117/1.APN.2.2.026010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.APN.2.2.026010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Scattered light imaging through complex turbid media has significant applications in biomedical and optical research. For the past decade, various approaches have been proposed for rapidly reconstructing full-color, depth-extended images by introducing point spread functions (PSFs). However, because most of these methods consider memory effects (MEs), the PSFs have angular shift invariance over certain ranges of angles. This assumption is valid for only thin turbid media and hinders broader applications of these technologies in thick media. Furthermore, the time-variant characteristics of scattering media determine that the PSF acquisition and image reconstruction times must be less than the speckle decorrelation time, which is usually difficult to achieve. We demonstrate that image reconstruction methods can be applied to time-variant thick turbid media. Using the time-variant characteristics, the PSFs in dynamic turbid media within certain time intervals are recorded, and ergodic scattering regimes are achieved and combined as ensemble point spread functions (ePSFs). The ePSF traverses shift-invariant regions in the turbid media and retrieves objects beyond the ME. Furthermore, our theory and experimental results verify that our approach is applicable to thick turbid media with thickness of 1 cm at visible incident wavelengths.","PeriodicalId":223078,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Nexus","volume":"6 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131943623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Controllable valley magnetic response in phase-transformed tungsten diselenide","authors":"Haiyang Liu, Zongnan Zhang, Yingqiu Li, Yaping Wu, Zhiming Wu, Xu Li, Chunmiao Zhang, Feiya Xu, Junyong Kang","doi":"10.1117/1.APN.2.2.026007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.APN.2.2.026007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Achieving valley pseudospin with large polarization is crucial in the implementation of quantum information applications. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) with different phase structures provide an ideal platform for valley modulation. The valley splitting has been achieved in hybrid phase WSe2, while its valley polarization remains unstudied. Magnetic field controllable valley polarization is explored in WSe2 with coexistence of H and T phases by an all-optical route. A record high valley polarization of 58.3% is acquired with a 19.9% T phase concentration under a 4-T magnetic field and nonresonant excitation. The enhanced valley polarization is dependent on the phase component and shows various increasing slopes, owing to the synergy between the T phase WSe2 and the magnetic field. The magnetic field controlled local magnetic momentums are revealed as the mechanism for the large valley polarization in H / T-WSe2. This speculation is also verified by theoretical simulations of the nonequilibrium spin density. These results display a considerable valley magnetic response in phase-engineered TMDC and provide a large-scale scheme for valley polarization applications.","PeriodicalId":223078,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Nexus","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114793078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Takizawa, K. Hiramatsu, M. Lindley, Julia Gala de Pablo, Shunsuke Ono, K. Goda
{"title":"High-speed hyperspectral imaging enabled by compressed sensing in time domain","authors":"S. Takizawa, K. Hiramatsu, M. Lindley, Julia Gala de Pablo, Shunsuke Ono, K. Goda","doi":"10.1117/1.APN.2.2.026008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.APN.2.2.026008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a powerful tool widely used for various scientific and industrial applications due to its ability to provide rich spatiospectral information. However, in exchange for multiplex spectral information, its image acquisition rate is lower than that of conventional imaging, with up to a few colors. In particular, HSI in the infrared region and using nonlinear optical processes is impractically slow because the three-dimensional (3D) data cube must be scanned in a point-by-point manner. In this study, we demonstrate a framework to improve the spectral image acquisition rate of HSI by integrating time-domain HSI and compressed sensing. Specifically, we simulated broadband coherent Raman imaging at a record high frame rate of 25 frames per second (fps) with 100 pixels × 100 pixels, which is 10 × faster than that of previous work, based on an experimentally feasible sampling scheme utilizing 3D Lissajous scanning.","PeriodicalId":223078,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Nexus","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126268332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Han Cao, Guangyao Wang, Lichao Zhang, Qinggui Tan, Wei Duan, Weihan Hu
{"title":"Reflective optical vortex generators with ultrabroadband self-phase compensation","authors":"Han Cao, Guangyao Wang, Lichao Zhang, Qinggui Tan, Wei Duan, Weihan Hu","doi":"10.1117/1.APN.2.2.026009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.APN.2.2.026009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The explosive growth of information urgently requires extending the capacity of optical communication and information processing. Orbital-angular-momentum-based mode division multiplexing (MDM) is recognized as the most promising technique to improve the bandwidth of a single fiber. To make it compatible with the dominant wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), broadband equal high-efficient phase encoding is highly pursued. Here, we propose a twisted-liquid-crystal and rear-mirror-based design for ultrabroadband reflective planar optics. The backtracking of the light inside the twisted birefringent medium leads to an achromatic phase modulation. With this design, a single-twisted reflective q-plate is demonstrated to convert a white beam to a polychromatic optical vortex. Jones calculus and vector beam characterization are carried out to analyze the broadband phase compensation. A dual-twisted configuration further extends the working band to over 600 nm. It supplies an ultrabroadband and reflective solution for the WDM/MDM-compatible elements and may significantly promote advances in ultrabroadband planar optics.","PeriodicalId":223078,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Nexus","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122722269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}