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Active metal deposition in a giant geothermal system 巨型地热系统中的活性金属沉积
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学
Terra Nova Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.1111/ter.12656
Chuang Zhang, A. Richard, Weilin Hao
{"title":"Active metal deposition in a giant geothermal system","authors":"Chuang Zhang, A. Richard, Weilin Hao","doi":"10.1111/ter.12656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12656","url":null,"abstract":"Metallogenic models are vital to mineral exploration. However, there is debate concerning the origin of hydrothermal‐type ore deposits such as vein‐type U and W deposits. The formation, migration, heating and controls on the composition of metal‐fertile fluids in active geothermal systems provide insights into the formation of ore‐forming fluids. Fluid’s metal contents are relatively high in the Yadong–Yangbajing–Naqu (YYN) geothermal belt of South Tibet, and a similar association of enrichment has been found in saline lakes of the region. This study analysed major ions and trace metal contents together with stable (O, H) isotopes of water samples from geothermal springs and wells and regional saline lakes and rivers along the Beng and YYN fault systems. Results demonstrate that metal‐fertile geothermal brines, were sourced from the Bangor saline lake. This study highlights the role of evaporation of saline lake water in the formation of metal‐fertile brines and the contrasting behaviors of U and W in hydrothermal conditions.","PeriodicalId":22260,"journal":{"name":"Terra Nova","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44603635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Constraining modes and rates of horizontal deformation along east Qinling fault system from rotated river basins 旋转河流盆地对东秦岭断裂体系水平变形的约束模式和速率
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学
Terra Nova Pub Date : 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.1111/ter.12654
Wei Li, Chao Xie, Wei Pang
{"title":"Constraining modes and rates of horizontal deformation along east Qinling fault system from rotated river basins","authors":"Wei Li, Chao Xie, Wei Pang","doi":"10.1111/ter.12654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12654","url":null,"abstract":"The planform rotation of river basins has been used as a marker of crustal strain and been used to assess the style and rates of on‐fault deformation. We use the geometry of river basins to evaluate horizontal deformation associated with the South China–North China relative block motion in the east Qinling mountains. The long‐time average slip rates of the Luonan fault and Shangdan fault are constrained as 0.31 mm/year and 0.3–0.6 mm/year, respectively. According to the latest GPS, we believe that a minor portion of the crustal strain of relative block motion between North China and South China was partitioned into the east Qinling strike‐slip fault system, leaving a major portion of deformation to be accommodated by southern North China (SNC). We conclude that the eastward extrusion of South China cannot explain the present deformation of the entire eastern China, and more attention should be paid into the SNC.","PeriodicalId":22260,"journal":{"name":"Terra Nova","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43866870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A metasomatised mantle origin for post‐collisional porphyry ore‐forming magmas in the Sanjiang metallogenic belt, Southwest China 西南三江成矿带碰撞后斑岩成矿岩浆交代地幔成因
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学
Terra Nova Pub Date : 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.1111/ter.12653
Hongda Hao, Jung‐Woo Park
{"title":"A metasomatised mantle origin for post‐collisional porphyry ore‐forming magmas in the Sanjiang metallogenic belt, Southwest China","authors":"Hongda Hao, Jung‐Woo Park","doi":"10.1111/ter.12653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12653","url":null,"abstract":"We constrain the magma sources of representative post‐collisional ore‐associated and barren suites in the Sanjiang metallogenic belt, Southwest China. The ore‐associated suites generally have higher Mg# and Cr and Ni contents than the crustal melts. Also, they show wide ranges of whole‐rock Nd and zircon Hf isotopes that are similar to the subduction‐modified mantle‐derived alkaline volcanic rocks in the region. Combing with the geochemical model, we suggest that the ore‐associated suites dominantly originated from partial melts of subduction‐metasomatised mantle by fractional crystallisation. In contrast, the barren suites are mainly characterised by low Mg# and Cr and Ni contents that are comparable to the crustal melts and they have enriched whole‐rock Nd and zircon Hf isotopes, indicating a metasomatised lower crustal origin. The different magma sources play an important role in controlling the fertility of contemporary ore‐associated and barren magmatic suites during post‐collisional porphyry ore formation.","PeriodicalId":22260,"journal":{"name":"Terra Nova","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42308528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Duration of partial melting in the lower crust of the Limpopo collisional belt 林波波碰撞带下地壳部分熔融的持续时间
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学
Terra Nova Pub Date : 2023-04-05 DOI: 10.1111/ter.12651
G. Nicoli, S. Mukherjee, V. Schijndel, G. Stevens
{"title":"Duration of partial melting in the lower crust of the Limpopo collisional belt","authors":"G. Nicoli, S. Mukherjee, V. Schijndel, G. Stevens","doi":"10.1111/ter.12651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12651","url":null,"abstract":"In convergent settings, the duration of partial melting in the lower continental crust dictates how lateral shortening is accommodated by the colliding plates. Here we use the example of the ca. 2700 Ma Southern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Belt, South Africa, to accurately time the different steps of the granulite facies metamorphic event. We date garnet crystallisation in K‐poor leucosomes using Sm–Nd garnet isotopic data to have occurred at 2734 ± 9 Ma. Following deposition of the protolith and rapid burial, the crust remained molten for 17 ± 14 Ma. This estimate is within error similar to the 24 ± 12 Ma proposed for rocks that have evolved along a Barrovian P–T path. Our results suggest that the Southern Marginal Zone is the result of a collision between a large island arc or a continent with the Kaapvaal Craton, at a time global of geodynamic changes.","PeriodicalId":22260,"journal":{"name":"Terra Nova","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41497555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rainfall‐induced ground deformation in southern Africa 南部非洲降雨引起的地面变形
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学
Terra Nova Pub Date : 2023-04-04 DOI: 10.1111/ter.12650
O. Dauteuil, M. Jolivet, Louis Gaudaré, Anne-Morwenn Pastier
{"title":"Rainfall‐induced ground deformation in southern Africa","authors":"O. Dauteuil, M. Jolivet, Louis Gaudaré, Anne-Morwenn Pastier","doi":"10.1111/ter.12650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12650","url":null,"abstract":"We present an analysis of ground deformation induced by large‐scale seasonal rainfall in Southern Africa, based on GPS and GRACE time series and on simulations of elastic flexural response to hydrological loading. This large‐scale study including South Zambia, South Angola, North Namibia and North Botswana displays a latitudinal precipitation gradient between tropical to semi‐arid conditions. GRACE data display annual variations in water mass decreasing drastically southwards. GPS time series of three permanent stations located in Zambia, Namibia and Botswana show seasonal synchronous vertical displacements with amplitude decreasing southwards from 4 to 2 cm, with a shift of 2–3 months from the main rainfall season. Flexure simulations integrating rainfall, evapotranspiration, water storage, flood migration and river output produce a ground flexure up to 6 cm with timing in agreement with the GPS time series. It highlights the hydrological buffering of surface aquifer located in the Kalahari sands.","PeriodicalId":22260,"journal":{"name":"Terra Nova","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44815926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Triassic in the northernmost Atlantic—Linking North Greenland and the southwestern Barents Sea 大西洋最北端的三叠纪——连接北格陵兰岛和巴伦支海西南部
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学
Terra Nova Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1111/ter.12649
M. Bjerager, P. Alsen, J. Bojesen‐Koefoed, M. Fyhn, J. Hovikoski, Nynke Keulen, S. Lindström, J. Therkelsen, T. Thomsen
{"title":"Triassic in the northernmost Atlantic—Linking North Greenland and the southwestern Barents Sea","authors":"M. Bjerager, P. Alsen, J. Bojesen‐Koefoed, M. Fyhn, J. Hovikoski, Nynke Keulen, S. Lindström, J. Therkelsen, T. Thomsen","doi":"10.1111/ter.12649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12649","url":null,"abstract":"The Wandel Sea Basin in North Greenland was part of the epicontinental Boreal Sea in Triassic time. The basin formed the western margin of the northernmost Atlantic elongated sea connecting southwards with basins along the conjugate Greenland—Norwegian margins. A multidisciplinary dataset including sedimentology, biostratigraphy, organic geochemistry and sedimentary provenance, allow to document its basin evolution. The Wandel Sea Basin was transgressed in the Dienerian with marine deposition prevailing until the Norian. Sediments were mainly sourced from the Greenlandic Caledonian basement and deposited on a 100 km wide shallow marine shelf during the Early Triassic. In Middle Triassic, oil‐prone mudstones formed in oxygen‐depleted deep shelf settings, including eastern Wandel Sea Basin. Detrital zircon U–Pb ages show that by Carnian times, the >1000 km wide, Uralian‐sourced, deltaic shelf had prograded westward across the Barents Sea reaching the eastern north Greenland and de facto nearly closed the northernmost Atlantic Sea.","PeriodicalId":22260,"journal":{"name":"Terra Nova","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45141494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Constraining the diagenesis of the Puga cap carbonate from U–Pb in‐situ dating of seafloor crystal fans, southern Amazonian craton, Brazil 巴西亚马逊克拉通南部海底结晶扇的U–Pb原位测年限制Puga盖层碳酸盐岩的成岩作用
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学
Terra Nova Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.1111/ter.12652
Davi F. Carvalho, A. Nogueira, M. Macambira, C. Lana, R. F. Santos, Julia Guélard, P. Sansjofre
{"title":"Constraining the diagenesis of the Puga cap carbonate from U–Pb in‐situ dating of seafloor crystal fans, southern Amazonian craton, Brazil","authors":"Davi F. Carvalho, A. Nogueira, M. Macambira, C. Lana, R. F. Santos, Julia Guélard, P. Sansjofre","doi":"10.1111/ter.12652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12652","url":null,"abstract":"Cap carbonates overlying Marinoan (635 Ma) glacial deposits worldwide record extreme paleoceanographic changes that may have triggered the rise of macroscopic life. However, the lack of geochronological constraints on these successions hinders reconciling climate and environmental change. Their upper part is marked by anomalous aragonite precipitation associated with large transgression and oxygenation of the post‐glacial ocean. Neomorphism of these deposits to low‐Mg calcite often includes centimetre‐scale seafloor crystal fans. We used in‐situ U–Pb dating and C and Sr isotopic analyses in the Puga cap carbonate to estimate the nature and timing of the neomorphism process. An age of 623 ± 3 [9] Ma (δ13C ~ −6‰ and 87Sr/87Sr ~ 0.7071–0.7075) for a blocky calcite cement is consistent with solution‐reprecipitation within the fans during final filling and diagenetic stabilization of the cap carbonate fabric. This result improves previous cap carbonate direct dating, providing a rare Lower Ediacaran chronostratigraphic reference.","PeriodicalId":22260,"journal":{"name":"Terra Nova","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48516352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Interdependence between bacterial EPS and early grain coat development 细菌EPS与早期种皮发育的相关性
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学
Terra Nova Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1111/ter.12648
Dimitrios Charlaftis, S. Jones, Lars Grimm, A. Kappler
{"title":"Interdependence between bacterial EPS and early grain coat development","authors":"Dimitrios Charlaftis, S. Jones, Lars Grimm, A. Kappler","doi":"10.1111/ter.12648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12648","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria are the most abundant forms of life we know on our planet, able to survive in a variety of habitats, that play an important role in mineral formation and transformation processes. Here, we present laboratory experiments in which unconsolidated quartz grains were seeded with Geobacter sulfurreducens cells and exposed to a mineral medium solution for 96 hours at temperatures of between 60°C and 120°C. Experimental data show the interdependence between extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the early formation of grain‐coating material. The occurrence of EPS promotes the development of web and bridging structures binding the quartz grains and creating EPS‐coated surfaces. With increasing temperature, an amorphous mineral phase grows preferentially on these surfaces suggesting that EPS can act as a template for mineral nucleation. At temperatures >100°C, the order of crystallinity of the amorphous authigenic phase increases, transitioning to poorly‐ordered rosette‐like textures.","PeriodicalId":22260,"journal":{"name":"Terra Nova","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48639436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS) empowered by Time‐Dependent Neo‐Deterministic Seismic Hazard Assessment (TD‐NDSHA) 基于时变新确定性地震危险性评估(TD - NDSHA)的地震预警系统(EEWS)
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学
Terra Nova Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.1111/ter.12647
Yan Zhang, Zhongliang Wu, F. Romanelli, F. Vaccari, A. Peresan, Jiawei Li, G. Panza
{"title":"Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS) empowered by Time‐Dependent Neo‐Deterministic Seismic Hazard Assessment (TD‐NDSHA)","authors":"Yan Zhang, Zhongliang Wu, F. Romanelli, F. Vaccari, A. Peresan, Jiawei Li, G. Panza","doi":"10.1111/ter.12647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12647","url":null,"abstract":"In the network‐based on‐site earthquake early warning system (EEWS), the ‘blind zone’, namely the zone where the issued warning arrives later than the destructive S and surface waves, is one of the challenges affecting its effectiveness. The ‘blind zone’ is determined by the interstation distance, or equivalently the density of seismic stations, of the network. In this paper, we suggest a practical approach according to which, when in a region a temporary increase of seismic hazard is declared, additional stations are deployed in such a way that the blind zone is temporarily reduced. In the procedure, the time‐dependent neo‐deterministic seismic hazard assessment (TD‐NDSHA) plays a vital role in the identification of the regions potentially exposed to high macroseismic intensities. As a showcase example, we consider the scenario of year 2014 at the Sichuan‐Yunnan border of southwest China. The TD‐NDSHA is based on the standard NDSHA procedure at regional scale (bedrock conditions), with the ‘controlling earthquakes’ defined on the basis of the Annual Consultation. We show that the ‘blind zone’ can be reduced in the identified areas of interest (e.g., MMI ≥ VI), by deploying a limited number of additional seismic stations. In the case where false alarms can be tolerated, significant reduction of the ‘blind zone’ can be implemented by moving from a network‐based EEWS to a single‐sensor‐based EEWS and skipping the process of location and magnitude‐determination/prediction procedures.","PeriodicalId":22260,"journal":{"name":"Terra Nova","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42518017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Miocene ductile thinning below the Folegandros Detachment System, Cyclades, Greece 希腊基克拉迪斯Folegandros拆离系统下中新世韧性减薄
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学
Terra Nova Pub Date : 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.1111/ter.12646
C. Bakowsky, D. Schneider, B. Grasemann, K. Soukis
{"title":"Miocene ductile thinning below the Folegandros Detachment System, Cyclades, Greece","authors":"C. Bakowsky, D. Schneider, B. Grasemann, K. Soukis","doi":"10.1111/ter.12646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12646","url":null,"abstract":"Folegandros island lies between the established SW‐directed West Cycladic and S‐directed Santorini detachment systems. Preserving shear‐sense indicators with opposing kinematics, the geodynamics and timing of kinematics are debated. Using white mica 40Ar/39Ar geochronology complemented by structural data, we report a new Miocene top‐to‐S detachment system, the Folegandros Detachment System (FDS), that is coupled with pure‐shear flattening and juxtaposes the Cycladic Blueschist Unit below Early Cretaceous to early Eocene low‐grade marble and quartzitic‐phyllitic sequences, topped by a metaflysch. Chronostratigraphic correlation and detrital zircon geochronology reveal the low‐grade rocks from the hanging wall of the FDS likely belong to the Pelagonian Zone. Middle Miocene zircon and apatite (U‐Th)/He cooling ages correspond to the latest stages of exhumation. Observations of opposing kinematics on Sikinos, Ios and now Folegandros reveal that ductile thinning played a more significant role in accommodating Miocene exhumation of high‐pressure rocks in the southern Cyclades than previously postulated.","PeriodicalId":22260,"journal":{"name":"Terra Nova","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42982922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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