{"title":"To Mecca on Pilgrimage on Foot and Camel-back: The Jordanian Darb al-Hajj","authors":"C. Dauphin, M. B. Jeddou, J. Castex","doi":"10.1179/1752726015Z.00000000029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1752726015Z.00000000029","url":null,"abstract":"Literary, archaeological and cartographic data were collated to reconstruct the Darb al-Hajj al-Shami, stretching from Damascus to Mecca and bisecting Jordan longitudinally (7th-15th centuries). This was succeeded by the Ottoman route (16th-early 20th centuries), probably planned by Sinan, the famous architect of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, and ultimately by the Hijaz Railway. Examination of the relationship between these three routes and landscape elements (altitude, slope, relief, orientation, distance to hydrographic network, springs), while taking into account visibility, security, climate, and obstacles of the terrain, enabled us to define environmental parameters, which were integrated into GIS analyses. These proved how the Umayyad to Mamluk route adapted to the changing terrain, whilst the Ottoman route was an artificial creation that moulded the environment according to a global project of civil engineering.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128277779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Smith, A. Allentuck, Louise Martin, Joe Roe, Matthew D. Jones, T. Richter, G. Rollefson, Hussam Hussein, Catherine Longford, K. Reynolds, Bernd Mller-Neuhof, R. Bewley, D. Kennedy, Rebecca Banks
{"title":"Long-term Landscape, Environment and Climate Change Studies, from the Past through to Predictive Models for Future Developments","authors":"S. Smith, A. Allentuck, Louise Martin, Joe Roe, Matthew D. Jones, T. Richter, G. Rollefson, Hussam Hussein, Catherine Longford, K. Reynolds, Bernd Mller-Neuhof, R. Bewley, D. Kennedy, Rebecca Banks","doi":"10.1179/1752726015Z.00000000034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1752726015Z.00000000034","url":null,"abstract":"The last glacial-interglacial transition (LGIT), between 20 and 10 ka BP, saw a global reorganization of climate, as ice caps melted, and a revolution in the way people lived, as agriculture developed. Understanding the spatial and temporal patterns of environmental change over this time period is therefore of interest to a range of disciplines. There are few long-term continuous records of environmental change from Jordan, or the natural archives where these may be found, and yet the eastern desert contains evidence of a long, and sometimes complex, occupation history, suggesting environments in the past were signifi cantly different to those of today. Such evidence indicates that a resource base was available for these communities to survive, or that ancient cultural economies were signifi cantly more advanced than we currently give them credit for. From a palaeoclimate perspective, spatial patterns of environmental change differ through the LGIT in regions north and west of Jordan compared to Arabia and North Africa so understanding where Jordan sits in this regional divide is important for understanding global climate structure through this transition.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115191453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Productive Landscapes Project. Report of the First Season (Nov-Dec 2014)","authors":"A. Zerbini","doi":"10.1179/1752726015Z.00000000031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1752726015Z.00000000031","url":null,"abstract":"The Productive Landscapes Project (PLP) was launched in 2014 with the aim of studying the ancient wine- and oil-producing infrastructure of north-west Jordan. The survey region, which comprises ca. 2,000 km2 from the Yarmouk to the Zarqa river, and from the Ghor to the west to the wadi Shellaleh to the east, was among the most densely inhabited of the southern Levant, boasting in the Roman and Byzantine period some of the largest urban settlements of the region. PLP is a GIS and survey project which aims to record and study all of the wine and oil-producing sites within the study region with the goal of establishing technological typologies, estimating production capacities and, ultimately, chronology. During the first season, 186 sites were entered in the GIS of the project, and 67 of them were ground-checked. Ten new sites were discovered through chance discovery during fieldwork. A preliminary typology of four types of presses was established, with a technological portfolio closely mirroring th...","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129162824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Biggs, Tiffany Chezum, U. Rothe, Branwen Spector
{"title":"The Investigation of Multiple Identities in the Middle East","authors":"V. Biggs, Tiffany Chezum, U. Rothe, Branwen Spector","doi":"10.1179/1752726015Z.00000000035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1752726015Z.00000000035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123715145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noam Leshem, A. Pinkerton, Karel Asha, B. Finlayson, Cheryl Makerewicz, Dana Abi Ghanem, Yara Hawari, Vanessa Iaria, Kathleen Faccia, Yueh-Chih Huang, Ellon Souter, Hebatalla Taha, Sam Smith, Russell Adams, C. Rambeau, D. Gilbertson
{"title":"The Origins, Development and Practice of Economic and Social Strategies in the Middle East from Earliest Times to the Modern Day","authors":"Noam Leshem, A. Pinkerton, Karel Asha, B. Finlayson, Cheryl Makerewicz, Dana Abi Ghanem, Yara Hawari, Vanessa Iaria, Kathleen Faccia, Yueh-Chih Huang, Ellon Souter, Hebatalla Taha, Sam Smith, Russell Adams, C. Rambeau, D. Gilbertson","doi":"10.1179/1752726015Z.00000000033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1752726015Z.00000000033","url":null,"abstract":"We returned in spring 2009 to continue excavating the 40 × 15 m trench we opened in 2008. The team of 20 professional archaeologists was almost exactly the same as that in 2008, and this year Mohammad al-Najjar was able to be on site almost full-time, which allowed a fl ying start to the season. Our new representative from the DoA, Ashraf al-Khresheh, had little previous experience of prehistoric archaeology, but was an enthusiastic hard worker. There must have been something infectious about the team’s good spirit as our team of 25 Rashaydah, ‘Azazma and Sa‘idiyyin workmen, who normally fi nd the rather slow and fi ddly work on a prehistoric site increasingly tedious, all played an extremely positive and active role in the season. We were also very fortunate in the group of 16 students who joined us for the Easter vacation part of the season, who not only learned something of Neolithic archaeology, but also about Bedouin culture; sadly, although the humour translates very well it is not really suitable for putting into print. Friendships made in the fi eld are now easily maintained by mobile phone and SMS message, but it still surprises me to fi nd a group of Bedouin in Faynan roaring in laughter at a cryptic reference to one of their jokes being transmitted to them from a muddy archaeological trench in the UK.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128710162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Border Crossing and Symbiotic Relationships between Christians in Jerusalem","authors":"G. Tsourous","doi":"10.1179/1752726015Z.00000000030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1752726015Z.00000000030","url":null,"abstract":"Based on ethnographic work carried out in Jerusalem's Old City over a period of fifteen months, this article outlines the historical background necessary to understand the development of the diversity of Christianity in Jerusalem and explores the nature of relationships that are forged between resident monks as well as between local Palestinian Christians within the context of everyday life in a major shrine of Christianity, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, or Anastasis, in Jerusalem. Focussing upon the social lives of people within the Greek (called Rum) Orthodox community as they interact with intra-communal networks as well as those linking them with members of other Christian communities this paper suggests that the kind of relations that get established between people living in and around the Church of Anastasis are often symbiotic relations.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131969590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Archaeology, Local Development and Tourism—a Role for International Institutes","authors":"P. Burtenshaw, C. Palmer","doi":"10.1179/1752726014Z.00000000021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1752726014Z.00000000021","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe growing influence of Public Archaeology from within the discipline and the agendas of government, international organizations and funders from outside it mean there are increasing expectations that archaeologists will mobilize archaeological resources and knowledge to directly benefit present and future generations. As a result, archaeologists are encouraged to contribute to development agendas and are becoming increasingly involved in projects featuring local economic benefits and tourism. Such projects usually require skills and perspectives which go outside archaeologists’ traditional education, and are often challenging undertakings. International institutes, including the Council for British Research in the Levant (CBRL) in Jordan, are well placed to respond to these challenging requirements in their role as facilitators of research and researchers. International institutes are fundamental in helping archaeologists to realize the potential of their work to support these agendas while main...","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133745347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Memories from Beersheba: The Bedouin Palestine Police and the Frontiers of the Empire","authors":"Mansour Nasasra","doi":"10.1179/1752726014Z.00000000023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1752726014Z.00000000023","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines British-Southern Palestine Bedouin relations through the lens of collective memory and oral history interviews. It argues that British Mandatory authorities achieved a greater degree of control and stability in southern Palestine by incorporating Bedouin tribesmen into the Palestine Police and strengthening the frontier of their empire. Without the Bedouin being employed as mobile police forces, it would have been impossible to govern southern Palestine. However, there were occasions when Bedouin police supported the actions of rebels, particularly during the Great Revolt (1936–39). Nevertheless, the forces were rebuilt after the Revolt and they continued to be crucial for maintaining control during the British Mandate.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126129796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reassessing the ‘Jerusalem Pilgrims’: the Case of Bede’s De locis sanctis","authors":"P. Darby, Daniel Reynolds","doi":"10.1179/1752726014Z.00000000022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1752726014Z.00000000022","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe history of Christian pilgrimage in Syria-Palestine has captivated scholarly and public audiences since the first waves of research in the region in the nineteenth century. This subject continues to generate vibrant debate among scholars of Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages. Central to this discourse is John Wilkinson’s seminal publication Jerusalem Pilgrims before the Crusades, first published in 1977. This text still offers the most systematic study of descriptions of pilgrimage to the region between the fourth and eleventh centuries, yet in spite of its popularity and central status to the subject, few of the texts collected in Wilkinson’s volume have received systematic study as literary compositions in their own right, or as products of individual writers and communities. This article offers an overview of issues which have emerged from a preliminary study of one of the texts published in the revised second edition of Jerusalem Pilgrims in 2002: Bede’s De locis sanctis, a survey of ...","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116345593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Bdūl and Petra: Life on the Rocks","authors":"Lucy Wadeson","doi":"10.1179/1752726013Z.00000000013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1752726013Z.00000000013","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the author, who normally concentrates on writing about the monuments of Petra, considers the Bdūl Bedouin, the last people to inhabit the site of Petra, who were a large part of the reason she was attracted to study the ancient city. Here, she reflects upon the Bdūl, their relationship with the monuments, tourists, and archaeologists, such as herself. She argues that their relationship and identification with Petra has grown stronger rather than weaker since they were relocated from the site to purpose-built housing in the village of Umm Sayhūn in 1985, even as intimate familiarity with living among the monuments recedes. Yet, still, the continued activities of the Bdūl in Petra help the author to imagine more ancient times.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126182017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}