{"title":"Limitations of the Pub/Sub pattern for cloud based IoT and their implications","authors":"Daniel Happ, A. Wolisz","doi":"10.1109/CIOT.2016.7872916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIOT.2016.7872916","url":null,"abstract":"The current approach to roll out large scale IoT systems is to outsource the crucial parts of the system to cloud based services, such as message brokerage, devices management, or sensor data storage and processing. One core protocol for messaging in those settings is the widely adopted publish/subscribe protocol MQTT. Pub/sub protocols, however, were not designed for this particular scenario and have decoupling properties that make some common task in IoT settings more challenging to achieve. It is, for instance, not straightforward to discover potential publishers of sensor data or to give guarantees that all, a certain number or at least one subscriber of a certain set of possible subscribers will received a message. Because they are missing in the standard, different approaches and implementations tackling those challenges will lead to incompatibilities between users of different systems. In this work, we therefore give an overview of the challenges with discovery and guaranteed delivery to a certain number of subscribers over pub/sub networks in IoT settings and present different possible solutions. We give advice on which implementation is useful under which circumstances and provide a proof-of-concept that can be used with little adaption for enabling discovery and reliability in MQTT.","PeriodicalId":222295,"journal":{"name":"2016 Cloudification of the Internet of Things (CIoT)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125342808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hend K. Gedawy, Sannan Tariq, Abderrahmen Mtibaa, Khaled A. Harras
{"title":"Cumulus: A distributed and flexible computing testbed for edge cloud computational offloading","authors":"Hend K. Gedawy, Sannan Tariq, Abderrahmen Mtibaa, Khaled A. Harras","doi":"10.1109/CIOT.2016.7872920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIOT.2016.7872920","url":null,"abstract":"While smart devices are increasing in numbers, compute resources, and communication capabilities, current application requirements are often outpacing such hardware improvement. Recently, offloading computation to remote cloud resources or closely located computing resources, such as cloudlets or other mobile and IoT devices have been proposed. In this paper, we propose “Cumulus”, an open source platform for edge cloud computational offloading. Cumulus aims at helping engineers and researchers build, test, and evaluate their edge-computing applications, scheduling methods, etc. We present a generic and flexible architecture of Cumulus as well as a proof-of-concept testbed prototype leveraging a large spectrum of heterogeneous devices, communication methods, and OSs. The testbed consists of standalone worker IoT devices and clustered edge mobile clouds of IoT devices. We enhance Cumulus with a visualization tool that allows real time monitoring of resources used by the devices running on the testbed. We evaluate Cumulus in action by demonstrating its performance under several offloading algorithms in different settings.","PeriodicalId":222295,"journal":{"name":"2016 Cloudification of the Internet of Things (CIoT)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132477006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An SLA-based resource allocation for IoT applications in cloud environments","authors":"Anandeshwar Singh, Y. Viniotis","doi":"10.1109/CIOT.2016.7872913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIOT.2016.7872913","url":null,"abstract":"In an IoT cloud, the message broker service allows point to multi-point communication between IoT devices and applications. The service is governed by Service Level Agreements (SLA) that specify, among other requirements, the volume of messages served during an enforcement period. For simplicity, current SLAs do not provide detailed information about message arrival patterns, making enforcement of the SLA a difficult problem for the providers. In this paper, we propose a new, two-step SLA by introducing sub-periods for measurement and control within the total enforcement period. Our proposed SLA retains the simplicity of the current SLA and provides additional controls for the providers to enforce it. We present the conformance of the new SLA as a resource allocation problem for cloud providers and propose a buffering, scheduling and rate limiting mechanism to enforce it. We verify that the solution achieves conformance, analyze the tradeoffs of the solution and evaluate via simulation the effects of system parameters such as capacity, number of sub-periods and enforcement period.","PeriodicalId":222295,"journal":{"name":"2016 Cloudification of the Internet of Things (CIoT)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116704894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Community-based wireless IoT infrastructure using ubiquitous vending machines","authors":"Y. Shoji, K. Nakauchi, Wei Liu","doi":"10.1109/CIOT.2016.7872909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIOT.2016.7872909","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes the concept of community-based wireless IoT infrastructure using ubiquitous vending machines. Assuming to configure a mesh/tree network with data multi-hopping function based on the wireless standard “Wi-SUN (Wireless Smart Utility Network),” which is to use IEEE802.15.4e/4g for its MAC and PHY layers specifications, this paper shows a network design to be applied to a real deployment plan in Sumida ward, Tokyo, Japan, considering fundamental measured RSSI versus distance performance in a line-of-sight (LoS) environment. This paper also discusses several beacon-based IoT data dissemination applications for the community-based IoT infrastructure combined with flooding routing technique. Based on the above concepts and the real deployment plan, this paper discusses and shows the estimated results of some key network performance factors, such as coverage, capacity, success ratio, and latency by a theoretical or a simulation approach.","PeriodicalId":222295,"journal":{"name":"2016 Cloudification of the Internet of Things (CIoT)","volume":"312 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133155075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"OAuthing: Privacy-enhancing federation for the Internet of Things","authors":"Paul Fremantle, B. Aziz","doi":"10.1109/CIOT.2016.7872911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIOT.2016.7872911","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet of Things (IoT) has significant security and privacy risks. Currently, most devices connect to a cloud service that is provided by the manufacturer of the device. We outline a proposed model for IoT that allows the identity of users and devices to be federated. Users and devices are issued with secure, random, anonymised identities that are not shared with third-parties. We demonstrate how devices can be connected to third-party applications without inherently de-anonymising them. Sensor data and actuator commands are federated through APIs to cloud services. All access to device data and commands is based on explicit consent from users. Each user's data is handled by a personal cloud instance providing improved security and isolation. We demonstrate this model is workable with a prototype system that implements the major features of the model. We present experiment results including performance, capacity and cost metrics from the prototype. We compare this work with other related work, and outline areas for discussion and future work.","PeriodicalId":222295,"journal":{"name":"2016 Cloudification of the Internet of Things (CIoT)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125260473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}