TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH最新文献_第4页

New Drugs for Breast Cancer Treatment 治疗乳腺癌的新药

TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art003

Bhawna Basin

{"title":"New Drugs for Breast Cancer Treatment","authors":"Bhawna Basin","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art003","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women, affecting approximately 12% of women over the course of their lifetime. It was estimated that there would be 81,550 new cases of invasive breast cancer in women in the United States (US), along with 49,290 new cases of non-invasive breast cancer. A search was conducted to find out the number of new breast cancer drugs that have been approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the last 2 years (2020 2021), and the number of breast cancer drugs that are currently under Phase 3 clinical trials. Between 2020 and 2021, 4 new drugs have been approved by FDA for the treatment of breast cancer: Tukysa (Seagen), Margenza (MacroGenics), Phesgo (Genentech), and Trodelvy (Gilead Sciences). Research continues to find out new drugs that can help treat breast cancer. Currently, there are several breast cancer treatment drugs in Phase 3 clinical trials including two major new breast cancer drugs Palbociclib (Pfizer) and Ribociclib (Novartis). Pharmaceutical and biotech companies are making incredible contributions by developing many innovative and effective treatments for breast cancers. We are hopeful that many new breast cancer drugs will be approved in the coming years. Keywords: Breast cancer, Food and Drug Administration(FDA), New Drugs, Clinical Trials.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84600458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Staff Turnover in National Non-governmental Organizations (NNGOs) in South Sudan: 2011-2021 南苏丹国家非政府组织(nngo)的人员流动:2011-2021

TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art002

A. Michael

{"title":"Staff Turnover in National Non-governmental Organizations (NNGOs) in South Sudan: 2011-2021","authors":"A. Michael","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art002","url":null,"abstract":"The high turnover of staff is unhealthy for the smooth running of institutions since it affects the growth, profitability, beneficiary satisfaction and general reputation of the institution whenever it occurs in the workplace. This study focused on studying staff turnover in national non-governmental organizations in South Sudan. This was a qualitative study which adopted descriptive survey research design, which allowed the researcher to use semi-structured questionnaires when collecting the data. The survey method used in this study because the target population only composed of 30 employees from 30 organizations in South Sudan. The study employed purposive, sampling and convenience sampling techniques. A high response rate of 100% obtained. The study revealed that, poor renumerations and lack or inadequate fringe benefits, autocratic leadership style in which the manager retaining as much power and decision-making authority is more prevalent in NNGOs leading to staff turnover and poor working conditions contributed to staff turnover in national non-governmental organizations in South Sudan. The recommendations for this study are based on the observation of the data as reflected in the histograms, pie charts and tables under each research objective. The study therefore recommended that the management should improve the working conditions for the employees by ensuring a hazard free and safe environment, improving salaries, which also enhances efficiency and productivity. Management of national non-governmental organizations should improve their leadership styles by embracing transformational leadership. Keywords: Staff Turnover, Salary & Fringe benefits, Leadership styles, Poor working Conditions.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85212744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Use of Ultrasound to Check Diaphragmatic Thickness to Assist in Weaning 超声检查膈肌厚度以辅助脱机

TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art001

Rajani Sasikumar

{"title":"Use of Ultrasound to Check Diaphragmatic Thickness to Assist in Weaning","authors":"Rajani Sasikumar","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art001","url":null,"abstract":"Dysfunction of the respiratory muscles is now considered to be a serious complication of critical health issues. Diaphragm dysfunction has been associated to higher mortality and complications weaning with mechanical ventilation in patients getting invasive mechanical ventilation treating acute respiratory failure. Diaphragm dysfunction can occur in mechanically ventilated patients for a variety of factors, involving disuse atrophy with mechanical ventilation. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly essential for clinical and research priorities to measure and track diaphragm contractile activity, structural dimensions, as well as strength during mechanical ventilation. It is generally accepted that ultrasound may be used to visualize the diaphragm. The key indicators of diaphragm function have been developed over the past 15 years for mechanically ventilated patients to monitor changes in diaphragm size as well as function over time, to evaluate and diagnose diaphragmatic dysfunction, and to determine whether these indices can predict successfully exiting mechanical ventilation. These indices include diaphragm thickness, thickening fraction, as well as excursion. Keywords: Diaphragm, Diaphragm thickening fraction, Diaphragmatic excursion, Ultrasound, Weaning.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77676045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Assessment of Multidimensional Poverty Trends in Ghana 加纳多维贫困趋势评估

TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art008

Ofori Frimpong Henneh

{"title":"An Assessment of Multidimensional Poverty Trends in Ghana","authors":"Ofori Frimpong Henneh","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art008","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at establishing the trends in multidimensional poverty in Ghana from 2011 to 2020 using intertemporal and counting approach. Alkire and Foster methodology was applied to identify and analyse the data. The study adopted the global multidimensional poverty indicators made up of three dimensions – health, education, and standard of living – and the ten indicators of which equal weights are attached to each dimension, and the same weights for the indicators within each dimension. It was found that Ghana did very well in reducing multidimensional poverty in all the six indicators within the standard of living dimension both in absolute and relative terms. However, the nation increased its multidimensional poverty in education and health dimensions. The Northern region continues to be the poorest region with the lowest reduction in multidimensional poverty in absolute and relative terms. Overall, multidimensional poverty reduced significantly both in absolute and relative terms at the national and regional levels. As compared with Sub-Saharan Africa, Ghana performed better in decreasing multidimensional poverty than the mean of the sub-region in almost all the dimensions and indicators, both in absolute and relative terms. Government should sustain this feat and improve upon it to eliminate poverty in all its forms by 2030 as envisaged by Sustainable Development Goal 1. Government must invest heavily in education and health as well as agriculture and rural development to reduce poverty. Strategy that targets the poorest regions should be implemented to reduce poverty. Keywords: Multidimensional poverty, Headcount poverty, Monetary poverty, Trends, Ghana.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86508739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insertion of One-third Tubular Plate for Hemiepiphysiodesis in Children: Surgical Technique 儿童半骨骺成形术的三分之一管钢板置入:外科技术

TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art010

IP Faris

引用次数: 0

Factors Affecting the Success of an Organization: The Case of Zambian Breweries 影响组织成功的因素:以赞比亚啤酒厂为例

TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art012

Jubert Twambo

{"title":"Factors Affecting the Success of an Organization: The Case of Zambian Breweries","authors":"Jubert Twambo","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art012","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this study was to assess the factors that affect the success of an organisation. A questionnaire was the main method used to collect data. Respondents answered to a survey that was distributed using the Google Forms platform. The survey found that Zambian Breweries’ organizational structures enabled the management systems to efficiently run the company and boost production in order to help it reach its goals and objectives. Other systems that support the structure of the Zambian Breweries, make it possible to hire the right people for the right jobs and place them in the suitable required positions. The human resource policies and processes in place, the company was able to effectively carry out its strategic planning by having competent personnel and aligning their aptitudes, expertise, and talents to the needs of the Zambian Breweries. It was also found that the management’s successful upkeep of internal communication, the staff were able to understand the short- and long-term goals as well as the direction the company was pursuing. Additionally, effective communication enabled personnel to receive timely feedback, boosting morale and enabling high performance even under tough conditions. Keywords: Organizational Structure, Communication, Strategy, Strategic Management, Leadership.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78073715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cost of Initial Care for Preterm Infants at Bolgatanga Regional Hospital, Ghana 加纳博尔加坦加地区医院早产儿初始护理费用

TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art005

W. Ofosu

{"title":"Cost of Initial Care for Preterm Infants at Bolgatanga Regional Hospital, Ghana","authors":"W. Ofosu","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art005","url":null,"abstract":"Preterm birth is an important public health problem due to its medical, economic, and social impact and constitutes about 10% of annual global births. To improve access and equity to health care delivery of preterm infants, identification of major cost areas and strategies to improve efficiency in those areas must be prioritized. This study estimated the health system cost of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) services for preterm babies in the Regional Hospital, Bolgatanga (RHB). A costing study based on health system perspective designed to estimate cost of initial hospital care for preterm babies was carried out in RHB. Participants were selected based on systematic sampling procedure of preterm babies admitted at the facility from January 2019 to December 2019. The health system and cost estimates of NICU services were done using both top-to-bottom and micro-costing approaches. Preterm births constituted 30% of NICU admissions in 2019. Most preterm infants were of low birth weight (LBW). The total cost for providing initial hospital care for preterm infants in 2019 was GH₵212,776.96 ($35,462.83). The major cost component was shared cost making up 59.20%, especially staff salaries. Direct medical cost constituted 40.80% of the total cost. The RHB would have saved GH₵212,776.96 ($35,462.83) in 2019 if preterm births were eliminated. Prioritizing efficient use of shared resources would save cost for increase access to preterm care. Keywords: Cost of initial hospital care, LBW, NICU, Preterm birth, Prevalence, Direct medical cost, shared cost, RHB.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87596629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the Customer Behaviour in Relation to Electronic Payment Systems (EPS) in Some Ghanaian Banks in the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly- Kumasi, Ghana 评估与电子支付系统(EPS)有关的客户行为在一些加纳银行在库马西大都会议会-库马西，加纳

TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art013

James Mado Lambongang

{"title":"Assessing the Customer Behaviour in Relation to Electronic Payment Systems (EPS) in Some Ghanaian Banks in the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly- Kumasi, Ghana","authors":"James Mado Lambongang","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art013","url":null,"abstract":"Although other payment methods are available, like card, cheque, mobile, and online payments, most Ghanaians still use the cash payment system. The study examined how Ghanaian customers felt about using electronic payments. These included determining thesector andctors that influence consumer adoption and use of electronic payment services in Ghanaian banks, examining customer satisfaction with e-payment in the banking sector, and preventing fraud. A sample size of 100 participants was chosen for the study using purposive sampling to select participants from the banks and systematic sampling to select participants from the customers. According to the research’s findings, factors such as usability, security, privacy, the caliber of the after-sales support, marketing mix, and reputation affect consumers’ opinions of electronic payment systems. According to the study, customers are satisfied with the value offered for their banking requirements and the opportunity to experiment with e-payments in the banking sector. The study also found that while customers’ top concerns are trust and security, barriers to e-commerce include a low internet penetration rate, fewer users, expensive and challenging e-commerce technology, and a lack of progress in other supporting industries. Trust and security are significant deterrents against using electronic payment systems. The ability of consumers and banks to reach a larger market and participate in the world payment system is another way that technology can help the economy. Stakeholders should offer the unbanked sufficient assurances of security for utilizing electronic payment systems on their privacy without requiring them to maintain accounts with them. Keywords: Electronic Payment Systems (EPS), Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly (KMA)Payment Portal Services (PPS), Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), and Central Business District (CBD).","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89529942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting the Endogeneity of Adolescent Pregnancy and Child Marriage in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Review with Practical Solutions 重新审视低收入和中等收入国家少女怀孕和童婚的内在性:具有实际解决方案的回顾

TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art004

Barnabas Mwansa

{"title":"Revisiting the Endogeneity of Adolescent Pregnancy and Child Marriage in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Review with Practical Solutions","authors":"Barnabas Mwansa","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art004","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescence is an important time for promoting health and preventing disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines an adolescent as an individual in the 10-19 years age group and usually uses the term young person to denote those between 10 and 24 years. Adolescent health encompasses changing transitions within multiple domains, including the physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and intellectual. These changes have important implications for health. During this period of increasing independence, adolescents face critical choices about health-related behaviors in areas such as sexuality, physical activity, diet, and use of health care services. These behaviors affect health during adolescence and young adulthood and, in the long-term, are related to many of the leading causes of adult morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the protection and promotion of health during this life stage is of great importance and has been shown to yield benefits not only for adolescents now, but also for their future adult lives and for their future children. This paper explore two key issues underpinning adolescent health, teen pregnancy, and child marriage. Trends in early marriage and early childbearing help determine national poverty levels and economic productivity. Decisions about whether to remain in school, whether to marry, or whether to engage in sexual activity have implications for education and health. The paper argues that failure to understand the interrelationship between adolescent pregnancy and child marriage may jeopardize earlier investments in maternal and child health, erodes future quality and length of life, and escalates suffering, inequality, and social instability. Keywords: Adolescent Health, Child Marriage, Teen Pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"326 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91460405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors Associated with Accessibility and Utilization of Adolescent Health Services in Chingola, Zambia 赞比亚钦戈拉青少年卫生服务可及性和利用的相关因素

TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art005

Judith Musonda

{"title":"Factors Associated with Accessibility and Utilization of Adolescent Health Services in Chingola, Zambia","authors":"Judith Musonda","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art005","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper was to explore the factors associated with accessibility and utilization of adolescent health services in Chingola, Zambia. The study was done among secondary school students in their junior and senior grades. Data were collected from four focus group discussions and four key informants’ interviews. Data management analysis principles illuminating verbatim quotations are used to illustrate findings. The study findings indicate that lack of information and stigmatization were some of the factors identified to be the barriers to adolescents’ health. The paper further outlines the proposed solutions which include establishing and strengthening the linkage between the schools and health facilities adolescent health services and creating awareness among the adolescents. Further, the paper gives the future direction that clinics and health centres should take advantage of technology and use electronic means to increase awareness of available reproductive health services for adolescents and that they should have door to door programs for the community aimed at sensitizing adolescents on reproductive health. In conclusion, it is indicated that improving the utilization of adolescent health services is a global dream. This dream can be realized only if the efforts are made to reach the adolescent population. Keywords: Accessibility, Adolescent Health Services, Stigmatization, Utilization.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78606742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0