Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment最新文献

{"title":"A Clinical Retrospective Study on the Qualitative Value of Multimodal Ultrasonography for ACR-TIRADS 4 Thyroid Nodules Ranging from 1 cm to 1.5 cm.","authors":"Xiaodan Yuan, Hong Wen, Mei Huang, Xumin Xie, Zhijun Yi, Shengkai Li","doi":"10.1177/15330338241297599","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15330338241297599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study explored the clinical value and application of ultrasound contrast imaging technology in the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) TR4 benign and malignant thyroid nodules.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed data from the medical records of 40 patients who met the inclusion criteria between January 2020 and December 2023. Each patient was evaluated using the ACR TI-RADS classification and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). The agreement between pathological outcomes and ultrasound indicators and the diagnostic value and significance of each parameter were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The diameters did not differ between benign and malignant nodules (P = 0.324). Ring enhancement was closely associated with benign thyroid nodules, with a negative predictive value of 100%. Homogeneous enhancement and enhancement intensity showed good diagnostic value for pathological results, with an area under the curve (AUC) > 0.8. This parameter showed a high diagnostic value for serial and parallel combinations of homogeneous enhancement and enhancement intensity, with a sensitivity of 77.8% and specificity of 85.7% for the serial combination and 100% and 71.4%, respectively. for the parallel combination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among ACR TI-RADS TR4 nodules, diameter 1.0-1.5 cm was not significantly correlated with a benign or malignant nature. Nodules featuring ring enhancement with ring-enhancing features should be considered benign. Similarly, nodules showing no, homogeneous, or high enhancement with clear borders on CEUS imaging may be benign. However, nodules with uneven low enhancement or unclear borders may be malignant. Therefore, uneven and low enhancement on CEUS imaging may have a high diagnostic value for malignant nodules. Moreover, the combination of these features may have even higher specificity.</p>","PeriodicalId":22203,"journal":{"name":"Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment","volume":"23 ","pages":"15330338241297599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11561986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Innovative Machine Learning-Based Techniques for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment.","authors":"Ali Mahmoud, Mohammed Ghazal, Ayman El-Baz","doi":"10.1177/15330338241298854","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15330338241298854","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22203,"journal":{"name":"Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment","volume":"23 ","pages":"15330338241298854"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Machine Learning and Logic Regression Algorithms for Predicting Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A two-Center Study.","authors":"Tong Lu, Yu Fang, Haonan Liu, Chong Chen, Taotao Li, Miao Lu, Daqing Song","doi":"10.1177/15330338231222331","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15330338231222331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This two-center study aimed to establish a model for predicting the risk of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer patients using machine learning (ML) and logistic regression (LR) algorithms, and to evaluate its predictive performance in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data of a total of 369 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy in the Department of General Surgery of Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (Xuzhou, China) from March 2016 to November 2019 were collected and retrospectively analyzed as the training group. In addition, data of 123 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy in the Department of General Surgery of Jining First People's Hospital (Jining, China) were collected and analyzed as the verification group. Besides, 7 ML and logistic models were developed, including decision tree, random forest, support vector machine (SVM), gradient boosting machine (GBM), naive Bayes, neural network, and LR, in order to evaluate the occurrence of lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer. The ML model was established following 10 cross-validation iterations within the training dataset, and subsequently, each model was assessed using the test dataset. The model's performance was evaluated by comparing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of each model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the traditional logistic model, among the 7 ML algorithms, except for SVM, the other models exhibited higher accuracy and reliability, and the influences of various risk factors on the model were more intuitive.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For the prediction of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer patients, the ML algorithm outperformed traditional LR, and the GBM algorithm exhibited the most robust predictive capability.</p>","PeriodicalId":22203,"journal":{"name":"Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment","volume":"23 ","pages":"15330338231222331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10775719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139404496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular Vesicles Obtained From Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells Cultured Under Intermittent Hypoxia Induce M2 Macrophage Polarization via miR-20a-5p Delivery.","authors":"Yuanling Liu, Minzhen Lu, Feng Liu, Gang Xu, Congrui Feng, Yuluo Chen, Danyan Cai, Huake Sun, Yanjun Zeng, Jian Xie, Wei Ma, Xinglin Gao","doi":"10.1177/15330338231219415","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15330338231219415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> These findings indicate that EVs obtained from lung adenocarcinoma cells cultured under IH deliver miR-20a-5p to promote M2 macrophage polarization by targeting PTEN.</p>","PeriodicalId":22203,"journal":{"name":"Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment","volume":"23 ","pages":"15330338231219415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10851739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139703507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"piR-1919609 Is an Ideal Potential Target for Reversing Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer.","authors":"Ying Yan, Dan Tian, Bingbing Zhao, Zhuang Li, Zhijiong Huang, Kuina Li, Xiaoqi Chen, Lu Zhou, Yanying Feng, Zhijun Yang","doi":"10.1177/15330338241249692","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15330338241249692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a type of noncoding small RNA that can interact with PIWI-like RNA-mediated gene silencing (PIWIL) proteins to affect biological processes such as transposon silencing through epigenetic effects. Recent studies have found that piRNAs are widely dysregulated in tumors and associated with tumor progression and a poor prognosis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of piR-1919609 on the proliferation, apoptosis, and drug resistance of ovarian cancer cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we used small RNA sequencing to screen and identify differentially expressed piRNAs in primary ovarian cancer, recurrent ovarian cancer, and normal ovaries. A large-scale verification study was performed to verify the expression of piR-1919609 in different types of ovarian tissue, including ovarian cancer tissue and normal ovaries, by RT-PCR and to analyze its association with the clinical prognosis of ovarian cancer. The expression of PIWILs in ovarian cancer was verified by RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The effects of piR-1919609 on ovarian cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis and drug resistance were studied through in vitro and in vivo models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) piR-1919609 was highly expressed in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer tissues (p < 0.05), and this upregulation was significantly associated with a poor prognosis and a shorter recurrence time in ovarian cancer patients (p < 0.05). (2) PIWIL2 was strongly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues (p < 0.05). It was expressed both in the cytoplasm and nucleus of ovarian cancer cells. (3) Overexpression of piR-1919609 promoted ovarian cancer cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and promoted tumor growth in nude mice. (4) Inhibition of piR-1919609 effectively reversed ovarian cancer drug resistance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, we showed that piR-1919609 is involved in the regulation of drug resistance in ovarian cancer cells and might be an ideal potential target for reversing platinum resistance in ovarian cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":22203,"journal":{"name":"Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment","volume":"23 ","pages":"15330338241249692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11072069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140863996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation and Therapeutic Application of Long non-Coding RNA in Tumor Angiogenesis.","authors":"Shuo Zhang, Yunxiu Xia, Weiwei Chen, Hongliang Dong, Bingjie Cui, Cuilan Liu, Zhiqiang Liu, Fei Wang, Jing Du","doi":"10.1177/15330338241273239","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15330338241273239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumor growth and metastasis rely on angiogenesis. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs have been shown to play an important role in regulating tumor angiogenesis. Here, we review the multidimensional modes and relevant molecular mechanisms of long non-coding RNAs in regulating tumor angiogenesis. In addition, we summarize new strategies for tumor anti-angiogenesis therapies by targeting long non-coding RNAs. The aim of this study is to provide new diagnostic targets and treatment strategies for anti-angiogenic tumor therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":22203,"journal":{"name":"Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment","volume":"23 ","pages":"15330338241273239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11307360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Reirradiation Is Safe in Patients With Lung Cancer With In-Field Enlarged Tumor Recurrence.","authors":"Tanju Berber, Berna Akkuş Yıldırım, Özge Kandemir Gürsel","doi":"10.1177/15330338231208616","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15330338231208616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Recurrence after stage III lung cancer treatment usually appears with a poor prognosis, and salvage therapy for these patients is challenging, with limited data for reirradiation. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Fifteen patients with recurrent stage III lung cancer treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SABR) between October 2013 and December 2017 were retrospectively evaluated for local control as a first endpoint; overall survival, disease-free survival, and treatment-related toxicity were secondary endpoints. <b>Results:</b> The median age was 68 (IQR: 50-71) years, and the median tumor size was 3.3 cm (IQR: 3.0-4.5). The radiation field was all within the previous radiation (previous 80%-90% isodose line), and the median dose was 66 Gy/(2 Gy × 33 <i>standard fractionation</i>)<i>.</i> For SABR, the median biologically effective dose at an α/β ratio of 10 (BED₁₀) was 60.0 Gy (IQR: 39.38-85.0) and given in 3 to 5 fractions. Three patients experienced grade 3 or 4 toxicity but none experienced grade 5. The median follow-up period was 14 (IQR: 10-23) months. The local control rate was found as 86.7% in the first year, 80% in the second year, and 80% in the third year. The median disease-free survival was 8 (IQR: 6-20) months and the median overall survival was 14 (IQR: 10-23) months. The rate of overall survival was 66.6% for the first year and 33.3% for the second and third years. The disease-free survival rate was 46.6% for the first year and 40% for the second and third years. Nine patients who received doses of BED₁₀ ≥ 50 Gy developed no local recurrence (<i>P</i>  =  .044). <b>Discussion:</b> In local local-regional recurrence of lung cancer, radiosurgery as reirradiation can be used at doses of BED₁₀ ≥ 50 Gy and above to provide local control for radical or palliative purposes. SABR is an important and relatively safe treatment option in such recurrences.</p>","PeriodicalId":22203,"journal":{"name":"Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment","volume":"23 ","pages":"15330338231208616"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11168055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141301655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Charged Particle Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Mingyu Tan, Yanliang Chen, Tianqi Du, Qian Wang, Xun Wu, Qiuning Zhang, Hongtao Luo, Zhiqiang Liu, Shilong Sun, Kehu Yang, Jinhui Tian, Xiaohu Wang","doi":"10.1177/15330338241246653","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15330338241246653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma (HNACC) is a radioresistant tumor. Particle therapy, primarily proton beam therapy and carbon-ion radiation, is a potential radiotherapy treatment for radioresistant malignancies. This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of charged particle radiation therapy on HNACC. <b>Methods:</b> A comprehensive search was conducted in Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and Medline until December 31, 2022. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS), local control (LC), and progression-free survival (PFS), while secondary outcomes included treatment-related toxicity. Version 17.0 of STATA was used for all analyses. <b>Results:</b> A total of 14 studies, involving 1297 patients, were included in the analysis. The pooled 5-year OS and PFS rates for primary HNACC were 78% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 66-91%) and 62% (95% CI = 47-77%), respectively. For all patients included, the pooled 2-year and 5-year OS, LC, and PFS rates were as follows: 86.1% (95% CI = 95-100%) and 77% (95% CI = 73-82%), 92% (95% CI = 84-100%) and 73% (95% CI = 61-85%), and 76% (95% CI = 68-84%) and 55% (95% CI = 48-62%), respectively. The rates of grade 3 and above acute toxicity were 22% (95% CI = 13-32%), while late toxicity rates were 8% (95% CI = 3-13%). <b>Conclusions:</b> Particle therapy has the potential to improve treatment outcomes and raise the quality of life for HNACC patients. However, further research and optimization are needed due to the limited availability and cost considerations associated with this treatment modality.</p>","PeriodicalId":22203,"journal":{"name":"Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment","volume":"23 ","pages":"15330338241246653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11113043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141076982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rad51 and Systemic Inflammatory Indicators as Novel Prognostic Markers in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Ning Wu, Yang Song, Yongjun Zhu, Liewen Pang, Zhiming Chen, Xiaofeng Chen","doi":"10.1177/15330338231216333","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15330338231216333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>RAD51 is a central protein involved in homologous recombination, which has been linked to cancer development and progression. systemic inflammatory indicator markers such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio have also been implicated in cancer. However, the relationship between Rad51 and these inflammatory markers in esophageal cancer patients undergoing esophagectomy is not yet understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively observed 320 esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy. We collected clinical characteristics, postoperative complications, and survival analysis data and analyzed the relationship between Rad51 expression, inflammatory markers, and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found significant linear relationships among the inflammatory markers. There were also close relationships between Rad51 expression and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio or C-reactive protein. Patients with low lymphocyte percentage were more likely to have low Rad51 expression (<i>P</i> = .026), high C-reactive protein (<i>P</i> = .007), and high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (<i>P</i> = .006). Low lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio was associated with poor overall survival and was an independent prognostic factor (HR = 2.214; 95% confidence interval: 1.044-4.695, <i>P</i> = .038). In patients without lymph node metastases, low albumin (HR= 0.131; 95% confidence interval: 0.025-0.687, <i>P</i> = .016), high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (HR = 0.002; 95% confidence interval: 0.000-0.221, <i>P</i> = .009), and high Rad51 expression (HR = 14.394; 95% confidence interval: 2.217-97.402, <i>P</i> = .006) were associated with poor overall survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study found a close correlation between elevated Rad51 expression and inflammatory markers. High Rad51 expression, high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and low lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio are associated with lower survival rates. The combined assessment of Rad51 and inflammatory markers can be useful for preoperative assessment and prognostic evaluation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":22203,"journal":{"name":"Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment","volume":"23 ","pages":"15330338231216333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10807337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139521831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Expression Pattern and Prognostic Value of the Heparanase in Breast Cancer Through CD274/CTLA-4 Immune Checkpoint Proteins.","authors":"Weijia Kong, Ganlin Zhang, Yue Wang, Jiahui Zhang, Tongjing Ding, Dong Chen, Yuancan Pan, Runxi Yi, Xiaohui Yin, Xiaomin Wang","doi":"10.1177/15330338241281285","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15330338241281285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> Heparanase (HPSE), an endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate, regulates various biological processes related to tumor progression. We explore the prognostic value of HPSE and its relationship with immunotherapy response in patients with breast cancer, to improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy and increase the survival outcomes. <b>Methods:</b> In the study, we explored the prognostic value of HPSE through the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. By using the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis <b>(</b>ssGSEA) method, we measured the infiltration levels of 24 immune cell types in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal (CTRP) and PRISM datasets provide the area under the dose-response curve (AUC) to measure drug sensitivity. Using nomograms, we predicted overall survival ability. In vivo studies, we investigated the relationship between HPSE and immune checkpoint proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines by immunohistochemistry of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer tumors in mice. <b>Results:</b> Our model demonstrated that the integrating of HPSE with the clinical stage effectively predicts patients' survival time, highlighting high HPSE expression as a prognostic risk factor for breast cancer. Then the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve [AUC of 1 year = 0.747, AUC of 3 years = 0.731] and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) curve illustrated the satisfactory discriminative capacity of our model, emphasizing its valuable clinical applicability. Immune-related results showed that HPSE correlates strongly with immune infiltrating cells, immune-related genes, and the anti-cancer immunity cycle. In vivo studies have demonstrated that HPSE in breast cancer is associated with increased expression of immune checkpoint proteins CD274 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and is positively correlated with the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Meanwhile, we analyzed the 11 types of drugs that are sensitive to the HPSE gene. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our results show that HPSE can serve as an effective biomarker to predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients and reflect the impact of immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":22203,"journal":{"name":"Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment","volume":"23 ","pages":"15330338241281285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11388313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}