IRPN: Open Collaborative Innovation (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"When Collaboration Bridges Institutions: The Impact of University-Industry Collaboration on Academic Productivity","authors":"M. Bikard, Keyvan Vakili, Florenta Teodoridis","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2883365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2883365","url":null,"abstract":"Prior research suggests that academic scientists who collaborate with firms may experience lower publication rates in their collaborative lines of work due to industry’s insistence on intellectual property protection through patenting or secrecy. In contrast, we posit that university–industry collaboration can sometimes foster specialization and boost academic contribution to open science. Specifically, research lines with both scientific and commercial potential (i.e., in Pasteur’s quadrant) provide an opportunity for a productive division of tasks between academic scientists and their industry counterparts, whereby the former focus on exploiting the scientific opportunities and the latter focus on the commercial ones. The main empirical challenge of examining this proposition is that research projects that involve industry collaborators may be qualitatively different from those that do not. To address this issue, we exploit the occurrence of simultaneous discoveries where multiple scientists make roughly the same discovery around the same time. Following a simultaneous discovery, we compare the follow-on research output of academic scientists who collaborated with industry on the discovery with that of academic scientists who did not. We find that academic scientists with industry collaborators produced more follow-on publications and fewer follow-on patents than did academic scientists without industry collaborators. This effect is particularly salient when the research line has important commercial implications and when the industry partner is an established firm.","PeriodicalId":221652,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Open Collaborative Innovation (Topic)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127078604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information Seeding and Knowledge Production in Online Communities: Evidence from OpenStreetMap","authors":"Abhishek Nagaraj","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3044581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3044581","url":null,"abstract":"The wild success of a few online communities (such as Wikipedia) has obscured the fact that most attempts at forming such communities fail. This study evaluates information seeding, an early-stage intervention to bootstrap online communities that enables contributors to build on externally sourced information rather than have them start from scratch. I analyze the effects of information seeding on follow-on contributions using data on more than 350 million contributions made by more than 577,000 contributors to OpenStreetMap, a crowd-sourced map-making community seeded with data from the U.S. Census. I estimate the effect of seeding using a natural experiment in which an oversight caused about 60% of U.S. counties to be seeded with a complete census map, while the rest were seeded with less complete versions. Although access to basic knowledge generally encourages downstream knowledge production, I find that a higher level of information seeding significantly lowered follow-on contributions and contributor activity on OpenStreetMap, and was associated with lower levels of long-term quality. However, seeding did benefit densely populated urban areas and did not discourage more committed users. To explain these patterns, I argue that information seeding can crowd out contributors’ ability to develop ownership over baseline knowledge and thereby disincentivize follow-on contributions. This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.","PeriodicalId":221652,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Open Collaborative Innovation (Topic)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115748885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Determinant Factors of Open Business Model (Los Factores Determinantes del Modelo de Negocios Abierto)","authors":"Juan Mejía-Trejo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2973651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2973651","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : Since the beginning of the XXI century, several authors affirm that open business models (OBM) enable an organization to be more effective in creating as well as capturing value and are a prerequisite for successful co-development partnerships. As a result of both trends, the rising development costs and shorter product/service lifecycles, companies are finding it increasingly difficult to justify investments in innovation. The OBM solve both trends, underscoring the terms: “ industry ecosystem” and/ or “ collaborative business model ”. Not only it changes the innovation process but it also modifies organizations themselves by reconfiguring value chains and networks. For the firms, it creates a heuristic logic, based on the current business model and technology to extend them with strategy, to the development of innovation to create value and increasing revenues and profits. It emphasizes the external communities with governance as valuable resources with several roles that promote corporate competitiveness.  So, for a specialized sector with high technology such as the information technologies sector of metropolitan zone of Guadalajara (ITSMZG), we posed the next research question:  Which are the determinant factors of the OBM as an empirical model to be applied at the ITSMZG? Method : As you see, this research is aimed to pose, the determinant factors of the OBM as an empirical model to be applied at the ITSMZG.This is a documentary study to select the main variables among specialists in ITSMZG practicing the OBM process using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Delphi’s Panel to contrast the academic terms with the specialists experience. It´s a descriptive, exploratory, correlational, cross-sectional, qualitative-quantitative study to obtain a final  questionnaire in Likert scale, with reliability tested through a pilot survey (Cronbach’s Alpha>0.75), applied during Jan. 2015-May 2016 to the total population asked: 600 specialists of ITSMZG (150 IT teachers and 150 representatives of consulting firms as “ consultant part ”; 290 IT SME CEO and 10 IT LE CEO as the “ decision-making part” , since 1 year in the market,  80% with bachelor degree, 20% with postgrade, 20% women and 80% men).  It was designed a first-order structural equation modeling (SEM) as a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) technique, using the EQS 6.1 software to analyse the OBM underlying variables, to determine a final empirical model. Results : The result is an empirical OBM based on 5 main factors: business management BMG (10 variables/76 indicators), strategy (STR, 3 variables/14 indicators), technology (TEC, 3 variables/24 indicators), new entrepeneurships (NWE , 3 variables /7indicators) and open innovation orientation (OIO, 3 variables/18 indicators), empirically proved for the ITSMZG.   Conclusion.  Although the final empirical OBM has a significant positive effect among its variables, also showed different levels of factor loadings, meaning opportunit","PeriodicalId":221652,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Open Collaborative Innovation (Topic)","volume":"58 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116518966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distilling the Wisdom of Crowds: Prediction Markets versus Prediction Polls","authors":"P. Atanasov, Philip Rescober, Eric Stone, S. Swift, Emile Servan-Schreiber, P. Tetlock, L. Ungar, B. Mellers","doi":"10.5465/AMBPP.2015.15192ABSTRACT","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2015.15192ABSTRACT","url":null,"abstract":"We report the results of the first large-scale, long-term, experimental test between two crowd sourcing methods – prediction markets and prediction polls. More than 2,400 participants made forecasts on 261 events over two seasons of a geopolitical prediction tournament. Some forecasters traded in a continuous double auction market and were ranked based on earnings. Others submitted probability judgments, independently or in teams, and were ranked based on Brier scores. In both seasons of the tournament, last day prices from the prediction market were more accurate than the simple mean of forecasts from prediction polls. However, team prediction polls outperformed prediction markets when poll forecasts were aggregated with algorithms using temporal decay, performance weighting and recalibration. The biggest advantage of prediction polls occurred at the start of long-duration questions. Prediction polls with proper scoring, algorithmic aggregation and teaming offer an attractive alternative to prediction markets for distilling the wisdom of crowds.","PeriodicalId":221652,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Open Collaborative Innovation (Topic)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117198782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Software Patents as a Currency, Not Tax, on Innovation","authors":"Colleen V. Chien","doi":"10.15779/Z38TM7213Z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38TM7213Z","url":null,"abstract":"Software innovation is transforming the US economy. Yet our understanding of how patents and patent transactions support this innovation is limited, in part because of a lack of public information about patent licenses and sales. Claims about the patent marketplace, for example, extolling the virtues of intermediaries like non-practicing entities, or questioning the social utility of ex post patent licenses, tend not to be grounded in empirical evidence. This article brings much-needed data to the policy debate by analyzing transactional data from several proprietary databases of patent licenses and transfers, and reporting several novel findings. First I find that, despite recent legal developments that have reduced the enforceability of software patents, the market for software patents is remarkably robust and actually grew, not declined, from 2012 to 2015. I speculate that the strength of this demand is driven by the defensive, not only offensive, value of software patents, the importance of software business models, and bargain shopping in the acquisition of patents. Second, I explore the extent to which software patent transfers support the transfer of technology as opposed to supporting just the transfer of liability, or freedom from suit, with mixed results. I find that the majority of material software licenses reported by public companies to the SEC from 2000-2015 (N=245), which are non- representative of licenses in general, to support true technology transfer. However, I also find evidence that in recent years, large numbers of software patents apparently been sold to avoid litigation or provide general operating freedom, rather than to access specific technologies. Software patents transferred between public companies between 2012 and 2015 were two to three times more likely to go from an older company to a younger company, and from a higher revenue to a lower revenue public company. This finding lends some support to the perception that software patents are a tax on innovation that younger, lower revenue companies must pay to older firms with higher revenue.","PeriodicalId":221652,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Open Collaborative Innovation (Topic)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122264899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific Auditing Firms","authors":"G. Sarma","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2927272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2927272","url":null,"abstract":"The “crisis of reproducibility” has been a significant source of controversy, heated debate, and calls for reform to institutional science in recent years. As a long-term solution to address both the present crisis and future obstacles, I propose the creation of a new form of research organization whose purpose would be to conduct random audits of the scientific literature. I suggest that data analytics of a digitized scientific corpus may play a critical role in allowing broadly educated scientists to identify linchpin results to investigate in further detail across all disciplines. I argue that a simple “mock” trial run of a simplified auditing firm consisting of several researchers over a short time period would provide valuable insight into the feasibility of this proposal.","PeriodicalId":221652,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Open Collaborative Innovation (Topic)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130523928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conflict of Interest or Community of Collaboration: Leadership, SME Network Dialectics and Dialogs?","authors":"Tom Cockburn, Peter A. C. Smith, Blanca Martins, R. Valles","doi":"10.4018/978-1-4666-9970-0.CH012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9970-0.CH012","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter we aim to consider both dialectical and dialogical systems, local and regional policies and practice implications for the communication and management of the creative as well as destructive conflict within networks and what else may be needed by cooperating parties as a support infrastructure to assist the development and growth of SME innovation networks. We firstly outline key terms, concepts and issues about innovation, collaboration and the goals set for business incubators by the European Union and globally, contrasting these with each other. We provide an overview of the role of key stakeholders, systems and research analyses, discussion and recommendations indicating our own. These recommendations will be informed by some case studies we have been engaged in as well as the wider research literature canon on these topics.","PeriodicalId":221652,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Open Collaborative Innovation (Topic)","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115735149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutional Entrepreneurship Dynamics: Evidence from the Development of Nanotechnologies","authors":"C. Auplat, L. Zucker","doi":"10.15609/ANNAECONSTAT2009.115-116.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15609/ANNAECONSTAT2009.115-116.197","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores one specific aspect of institutional entrepreneurship dynamics: the integration of civil society in the process of institutional emergence. We base our analysis on a longitudinal study over a six year period of a particular Non-Governmental Organization (NGO), the ETC Group. Our study shows how a combination of innovative practices, the use of an entrepreneurial toolbox and bricolage have allowed the NGO to become a successful institutional entrepreneur by altering the emergence of nanotechnology through increasing sensitivity to, and research on, likely negative impacts, thereby changing the parameters of nanotechnology's development and growth. This change has arguably improved the bottom line for both society as a whole and for commercial entrepreneurs who may avoid losses incurred from mitigating harm done before the specific risks are known. Its exit strategy supports our theory that in the case of the development of nanotechnology, civil society has now been integrated into the process of institutional emergence of new technologies. We conclude that this case illustrates a new form of institutional dynamics which deserves extended research.","PeriodicalId":221652,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Open Collaborative Innovation (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124092372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Agency Flow: The Case of Whitewater Paddling Community","authors":"Elena Chernovich, V. Polyakova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2513801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2513801","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the innovation activity in an amateur community. It implements the case study method to analyze the intensive innovation creation process that was going on in the whitewater paddling community during the last two decades of the twentieth century. We apply the notion innovative agency to get a deeper understating of the process of innovation creation, and to identify all actors of innovation. Further we trace the process of innovative agency delegation between actors. We find out that two radical innovations and many incremental innovations emerged in this community. We conclude that their emergence was shaped by creative and competitive environment of the whitewater paddling community.","PeriodicalId":221652,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Open Collaborative Innovation (Topic)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134019338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wikipedia's Economic Value","authors":"Jonathan Band, Jonathan Gerafi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2338563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2338563","url":null,"abstract":"In the copyright policy debate, proponents of strong copyright protection tend to be dismissive of the quality of freely available content. In response to counter-examples such as open access scholarly publications and advertising-supported business models (e.g., newspaper websites and the over-the-air television broadcasts viewed by 50 million Americans), the strong copyright proponents center their attack on amateur content. In this narrative, YouTube is for cat videos and Wikipedia is a wildly unreliable source of information.Recent studies, however, indicate that the volunteer-written and -edited Wikipedia is no less reliable than professionally edited encyclopedias such as the Encyclopedia Britannica. Moreover, Wikipedia has far broader coverage. Britannica, which discontinued its print edition in 2012 and now appears only online, contains 120,000 articles, all in English. Wikipedia, by contrast, has 4.3 million articles in English and a total of 22 million articles in 285 languages. Wikipedia attracts more than 470 million unique visitors a month who view over 19 billion pages. According to Alexa, it is the sixth most visited website in the world.Wikipedia, therefore, is a shining example of valuable content created by non-professionals. Is there a way to measure the economic value of this content? Because Wikipedia is created by volunteers, is administered by a non-profit foundation, and is distributed for free, the normal means of measuring value — such as revenue, market capitalization, and book value — do not directly apply. Nonetheless, there are a variety of methods for estimating its value in terms of its market value, its replacement cost, and the value it creates for its users. These methods suggest a valuation in the tens of billions of dollars, a one-time replacement cost of $6.6 billion with an annual updating cost of $630 million, and consumer benefit in the hundreds of billions of dollars.","PeriodicalId":221652,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Open Collaborative Innovation (Topic)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125370882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}