2015 IEEE Underwater Technology (UT)最新文献

{"title":"Finite Element Analysis of underwater acoustic vector sensor","authors":"C. Harikrishnan, K. Kiran, A. Malarkodi","doi":"10.1109/UT.2015.7108301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2015.7108301","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic sensor traditionally used for tracking and other applications by NAVY is the Omni directional hydrophone. In order to extract information on the location of noise sources, an array of hydrophones are used and the beam formed output of array provides this information. The vector sensor measures acoustic pressure as well as acoustic particle velocity at a single point in space. The main advantage of vector sensor over traditional hydrophone is that they outperform the hydrophone array with small aperture. This is accomplished by tri-axial accelerometer which measure acceleration and a hydrophone which measure acoustic pressure in all orthogonal directions. This paper presents the Piezoelectric and Acoustic structure analysis carried out in COMSOL software for a frequency range 100Hz to 6kHz. Directionality comparison between spherical and cylindrical hydrophone is carried out using piezoelectric interaction analysis whereas the Acoustic structure Eigen frequency analysis is carried out to determine the natural frequency of the unit in water. Analysis for four combinations of hydrophone and polyurethane casing were carried out, from which a cylindrical hydrophone and a spherical poly urethane casing emerged as a suitable combination for the vector sensor unit.","PeriodicalId":221625,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Underwater Technology (UT)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124939671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long duration real-time acoustic monitoring of Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) in Mahakam river in Borneo","authors":"H. Sugimatsu, J. Kojima, T. Ura, S. Tomuro, R. Bahl","doi":"10.1109/UT.2015.7108238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2015.7108238","url":null,"abstract":"Targeting some Irrawaddy dolphin groups that frequently migrate from Lake Semayang to up/down-stream of the river through the tributary and the confluence in the middle-river district of the Mahakam river in Borneo, the long duration real-time acoustic monitoring using a PAM (Passive Acoustic Monitoring) system using arrays of hydrophones at the stationary observatory has been conducted since 2011. After the second monitoring phase was terminated due to lightning damage in October 2013, the recording system was trimmed down to a three-hydrophone array system that can measure the direction of the sound source to monitor the dolphins' migration behavior in a long-term span. To answer the questions such as: How often and when do they migrate from Lake Semayang to up/down-stream of the river through the tributary, the statistical data analysis using the dolphins' direction data recorded from the first and second monitoring phases and uploaded to the database was initially carried out for understanding their diel/daily/monthly/seasonal migration trends. The results confirmed that the statistical analysis using the data acquired by the long duration acoustic monitoring could reveal the answers to the above questions: “how often and when”. Answering the further question: “What is the main factor in their migration changes?”- is the next step of the study.","PeriodicalId":221625,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Underwater Technology (UT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131211777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution radar wave and current measurements in highly inhomogeneous coastal areas","authors":"K. Reichert, K. Hessner","doi":"10.1109/UT.2015.7108228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2015.7108228","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal waters are characterised by complex wave fields that are influenced by inhomogeneous bathymetries, and changing tidal and wind induced currents. The understanding of these interactions has gained more interest over the last years especially for port entrances and close to shore shipping activities. In contrast to in-situ measurements, remote sensing techniques have the advantage to provide area covering data of several parameters (waves, currents and bathymetry), observed at the same time. The wave and current monitoring system WaMoS II is a remote sensing system based on a nautical X-Band radar generally used for navigation and ship traffic control. Nautical radar are designed to monitor the sea surface continuously over a relative large area (~ 10km2 ) with high spatial (~7.5m) and temporal resolution (~2s). In recent years more focus was put on retrieving current and wave data at that high resolution on an operational basis. In this paper a brief introduction into the high resolution current and water depth measurement principle of WaMoS II will be given. A data comparison will be shown from the South Coast of New Zealand. This site is characterised by strong prevailing tidal currents as well as very inhomogeneous, wave and current fields.","PeriodicalId":221625,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Underwater Technology (UT)","volume":"328 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127569779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bearings-only tracking of non-maneuvering target with missing bearings data","authors":"Rinki Gupta, Arun Kumar, I. Kar, R. Bahl","doi":"10.1109/UT.2015.7108254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2015.7108254","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we consider the tracking of a non-maneuvering target using only passively recorded noise corrupted bearings data, in which some of the bearings data may be missing randomly or in continuous intervals over the observation duration. The modified instrumental variable algorithm is used for the estimation of the target trajectory parameters, namely, the course and speed of the target, both of which are assumed to remain constant throughout the observation duration, and the range of the target relative to the observer at the test instant. In case some of the bearings data is missing, the estimation of the target trajectory parameters is carried out with the available bearings only, and no attempt is made to fill in the missing bearings using a pre-processing step. The effect of bearings missing randomly and in continuous intervals is demonstrated in terms of mean square error in estimation of the target trajectory parameters using simulations. It is found that the modified instrumental variable algorithm is able to generate reasonable estimates of the target trajectory parameters without the use of any data pre-processing techniques to account for the missing bearings. Additionally, an algorithm for simultaneous evaluation of error bounds corresponding to the estimated target trajectory parameters is presented using the covariance matrix of the estimator. However, when large number of bearings are missing either randomly or in continuous intervals, the covariance matrix may become non-positive semidefinite. The procedure for estimation of the error bounds for the case of missing bearings is proposed.","PeriodicalId":221625,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Underwater Technology (UT)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127648772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term observation of underwater ambient noise at the Ieodo Ocean Research Station in Korea","authors":"Byoung-Nam Kim, Seom-kyu Jung, Bok Kyung Choi, K. Bong-Chae, J. Shim","doi":"10.1109/UT.2015.7108224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2015.7108224","url":null,"abstract":"The Ieodo Ocean Research Station(IORS) is an integrated meteorological and oceanographic observation base which was first constructed in Korea. It was constructed at the Ieodo underwater rock located at a distance of about 150 km to the south-east of the Mara-do, the southernmost island in Korea. The structure is of a fixed jacket type installed at a water depth of 40 m. In order to understand the characteristics of oceanic ambient noise at the station, the ambient noise was measured during 12 months from April 2009 to March 2010. The ambient noise levels at around 300 Hz and 2.5 kHz represented good correlation with the wind speed and significant wave height at IORS. This study also shows that the ambient noise levels above 5 kHz at IORS can be affected by the activity of the snapping shrimp, which is related to the wind speed as well as the seawater temperature.","PeriodicalId":221625,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Underwater Technology (UT)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125578163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discussions on locomotion and excavation systems of ‘SROSD II’","authors":"M. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, N. Bose, S. Chai, K. Dowling","doi":"10.1109/UT.2015.7108218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2015.7108218","url":null,"abstract":"Different types of submersible dredgers are conceived, modeled and even some prototype and full-scale vehicles are built for prospective subsea excavation purposes by various researchers and commercial companies. Most common type of submersible dredgers is tracked vehicle. Walking submersible dredgers are also available which can be further subdivided into passive legged systems (locomotion performed by moving frames) and active legged systems (locomotion performed by individually controlled legs). An Archimedian screw system is also conceived for a subsea mining vehicle. Continuous ground contact is necessary for tracks and Archimedan screw types of locomotion systems. Legged locomotion also requires intermittent contact with the terrain. Generation of adequate friction for locomotion purposes in very soft cohesive sediments or submerged rocky terrain is often critical. In soft cohesive terrain, the vehicle can capsize due to insufficient bearing capacity. Additional ground contact forces are necessary to counteract the excavation and environmental forces. In low-friction and/ or low bearing capacity subsea terrains, achieving the force balance for the stability of the above mentioned submersible dredgers can thus be difficult. Also, the subsea terrain can be uneven with steep slopes and can be unchartered. Hence, a conceptual design of a submersible remotely-operated swimming dredger (SROSD II) is conceived. The SROSD II can swim with the aid of multiple control planes and thruster system in order to avoid difficult subsea terrains. For disjointed working areas, SROSD II can swim and thus can significantly reduce the non-working time. During excavation, SROSD II can anchor itself with the help of hydraulically actuated spuds. The anchored spuds and the thrusters can provide the necessary reaction forces to counteract the excavation and environmental forces. Unlike other submersible vehicles, the SROSD II is an almost neutrally buoyant system. In this paper the general arrangement of the SROSD II, the proposed locomotion and excavation systems are discussed. A simplified model for position keeping during excavation is also presented.","PeriodicalId":221625,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Underwater Technology (UT)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115823463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embedded Wireless Data Acquisition system for unmanned vehicle in underwater environment","authors":"Ayushi Jaiswal, V. Baporikar","doi":"10.1109/UT.2015.7108223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2015.7108223","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater robots can record data that is difficult for humans to gather. In recent years, robotic underwater vehicles have become useful for variety of industrial and civil sectors in exploring the water bodies. They are used extensively by the scientific community to study the ocean, fresh water & underwater environment. ZigBee is an efficient & effective wireless network standard for wireless control and monitoring applications. It is an alternate technology that has changed connectivity between the communicating systems. The objective of this model is to design a wireless underwater robot for security purpose and better understand water and its environment with electronics, motion control and sensor system. This paper will present an implemented model of Embedded Wireless Data Acquisition system using zigbee which will be controlled using the PIC microcontroller which will be programmed using embedded C language. The wireless rotating camera will capture the images & video. Sonar, depth, temperature sensors will acquire data and transmit to the user computer using zigbee. The DC motor is used for the movement of the robot & controlled wirelessly by user. In our implementation the PIC acts as the Central Data Acquisition System which is controlling system and acquires the data from different subsystems of an unmanned underwater vehicle. This new method of implementation of zigbee as a medium for data acquisition system will be useful for cleaning, monitoring, understanding the clean and unclean underwater environment.","PeriodicalId":221625,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Underwater Technology (UT)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124997832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of a high-resolution acoustic video camera to fish classification: An experimental study","authors":"K. Mizuno, Xiaofei Liu, A. Asada, Jun Ashizawa, Y. Fujimoto, T. Shimada","doi":"10.1109/UT.2015.7108250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2015.7108250","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we try for fish classification using high resolution acoustic video camera at 3.0 MHz center frequency (ARIS). Newly observation method with wide in vertical and narrow in horizontal beam (WVNHB) was proposed for getting high quality acoustic image of swimming fish, and tested an image processing algorithm basing on Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) for fish classification. This high-frequency acoustic video camera was applied to fish classification for the first time. Using the proposed observation method, we successfully obtained high quality acoustic images of fish and performed an image processing algorithm on the images.","PeriodicalId":221625,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Underwater Technology (UT)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132627698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of protocol stack development of Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network (UASN)","authors":"S. Dhongdi, K. Anupama, L. Gudino","doi":"10.1109/UT.2015.7108215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2015.7108215","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network (UASN) has become increasingly important, with numerous applications emerging from various areas such as commercial, environmental-research and defense. This paper provides a comprehensive view of current state-of-the-art in UASN by analyzing the research done by various communities. It briefly states the basics of underwater acoustic communication and cites advances in research and development at various layers of networking modules, namely physical, data link, network, transport and application layer. It also covers interesting new concepts of cross-layer protocol stack design along with requirement of network management protocols pertaining to UASN. Finally, various hardware, software tools and test-beds developed by prominent universities/research organizations are described. We also briefly provide information about the test-bed set-up at our laboratory at BITS -Pilani K K Birla Goa Campus.","PeriodicalId":221625,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Underwater Technology (UT)","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116611785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of wave power conversion system","authors":"Jason Daniel M, S. Gowtham","doi":"10.1109/UT.2015.7108282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2015.7108282","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the different techniques available for extracting mechanical energy from the waves and controls the wave power conversion system. Some sort of control system is necessary to get the maximum power output from the converter. Also the optimum oscillation of wave energy converter is important to get the maximum energy from the wave. In this paper the maximum power production from the wave is achieved by controlling the wave power converter using PID controller.","PeriodicalId":221625,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Underwater Technology (UT)","volume":"2006 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117044309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}