Urban Transport XXVI最新文献

{"title":"EFFECTS OF BUS-BASED DISRUPTIVE BUSINESS MODELS WITH LIMITED CAPACITY ON RAIL MONOPOLIES: SOCIAL WELFARE IMPLICATIONS","authors":"Alessandro Avenali, M. Gregori, P. Reverberi","doi":"10.2495/ut200071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ut200071","url":null,"abstract":"Long distance passenger transport markets are facing important changes as new entrants, e-Platform based Bus Services Retailer (PBSR) operators, are challenging the railways incumbents applying judo economic strategies. Traditionally, European policy makers tended to favour railways services over road services in the long-haul markets, often leading the rail operators in monopolistic-alike positions. Recently, several countries deregulated their national intercity bus markets, gradually introducing intermodal competition in the sector. The competition led to important improvements on services quality, but it also had negative impacts on rail operators’ profitability, especially after PBSR operators started to work, due to their disruptive business model based on aggregative online platforms and production externalization. PBSR companies (e.g. Flixbus, BlaBlaBus) are characterized by high flexibility and low production costs, which use as advantage against the incumbents. The rail operators are instead characterized by high indivisibility, high production costs and, usually, big sizes. Losses in either revenues or market shares could easily forced them into reducing services quantity or even exit the market. Our paper aims to analyse these new competitive relations in the intercity intermodal market, focusing on resulting impacts on market shares, demand satisfaction and social welfare. Since the bus operators present limited capacity due to technical feasibility (e.g. minimum headway) and the need to limit road congestion (to preserve service quality), the mobility right fulfilment is put in jeopardy. We modelled the competitive relations through game theory, excluding high speed rail from the perimeter to preserve services comparability. Profits level and optimal social welfare are then studied through simulations. Results confirm that for increasing PBSR production capacity, railway operators tend to have fewer profits or be forced to leave the market, resulting in unsatisfied demand. Furthermore, from a social point of view, the rail monopoly seems to be, under specific circumstances, preferred to a duopoly.","PeriodicalId":221574,"journal":{"name":"Urban Transport XXVI","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132985256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SIMULATION OF TRANSPORT OPERATION IN URBAN CONDITIONS WITH VARIABLE VIRTUAL TIME INCREMENTS IN THE PROGRAM STAMM 4.1","authors":"A. Manyashin","doi":"10.2495/ut200151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ut200151","url":null,"abstract":"When studying the operating modes of a vehicle in urban conditions, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of changing some of its parameters over time, such as the speed or speed of rotation of the drive shaft of the power plant. There is a cyclical change in these indicators, and the type of cycles depends on the duration of the period of operation. You can identify typical cycles of changes in the above parameters that are typical for a work shift, calendar week, month, and so on. Within all the considered cycles, the periods of “fading” of parameter values are repeated. These features must be taken into account when reproducing the performance indicators of rolling stock in simulation models. The purpose of this work is to take into account the peculiarities of transport operating cycles when simulating its performance indicators. The Stamm program developed by the author uses two approaches for simulation of dynamic processes or systems. The first is using spreadsheets like Microsoft Excel that allows cross-referencing between cells, and the second is using visual object models. Both of these approaches allow us to take into account the features of operational cycles of transport by dynamically changing the value of the modelling step during the simulation experiment. When using a table model, this is a special cell for synchronizing the model time step. In the second case, the algorithm for changing the step of virtual model time is implemented using logical expressions in special components of system dynamics models – “Formula” The proposed approach significantly reduces the time of experimental research without losing the accuracy of the simulation model.","PeriodicalId":221574,"journal":{"name":"Urban Transport XXVI","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127498421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}