African Journal of Current Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Clinical and Radiological Characteristics of Critically Ill Children with COVID-19 Disease Presenting to a Resources Limited Setting Paediatric Intensive Care Unit","authors":"Patience Kwawu, Obed Otoo, Larko D Owusu, Eugene Martey, John Adabie Appiah","doi":"10.31191/afrijcmr.v5i1.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31191/afrijcmr.v5i1.100","url":null,"abstract":" BackgroundIn March 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-nCOV-2 as a pandemic. COVID-19 is characterized by a spectrum of disease syndrome commonly affecting respiratory system. Progression to severe and critical disease is seen in 20% of confirmed cases. Childhood clinical presentation and radiological features children in resource limited settings including Africa has been less described in literature. Study aimed to describe common clinical characteristics and radiological features of childhood covid-19 disease with critical illness. \u0000Methods \u0000Electronic records of paediatric patients aged 2 months to 14 years admitted to PICU of KATH between the period of 1st February - 31st August 2021 were respective reviewed. Clinical features were collected using a case record form and radiological features reviewed by radiologist. \u0000ResultsPICU admitted 78 patients during the study, 8 covid-19 cases (10%); 7 confirmed and 1 probable. The median age 4 years (0-14 years), 6 males. The most common presenting features include; altered level of consciousness, breathlessness, and fever. The respiratory system was the most common site of presentation followed by circulatory system. Associated co morbid condition on admission includes sickle cell disease and road traffic accident. Six out of 7 had CXR showing abnormal features; 4 had ground glass appearance, 3 with consolidations, reticulo-nodular and pleural effusion respectively, and peri-bronchial thickening 2. Three (37.5%) presented as ARDS with severe hypoxaemia4. Echocardiography in 2 patients showed abnormalities: myocardial dysfunction, pericardial effusion and right ventricular failure. Seven (87%) received mechanical ventilation and 2 (25%) received inotrope support. PICU survival was 75% about half of the overall outcome reported on the continent2. \u0000ConclusionThis study shows that COVID-19 and radiological features suggest severity of illness requiring critical care services including mechanical ventilation and inotrope therapy(Please rephrase sentence). Early identification and referral to centres with PICU capacity are needed for management.","PeriodicalId":221258,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Current Medical Research","volume":"287 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131847860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An eleven-year review of pediatric echocardiogram reports in Kumasi, Ghana","authors":"Samuel Blay Nguah, S. Owusu, Haruna Mahama, Erica Abrafi","doi":"10.31191/afrijcmr.v5i1.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31191/afrijcmr.v5i1.88","url":null,"abstract":"Background Pediatric heart diseases (PHDs), comprising congenital heart diseases (CHDs) and acquired heart diseases (AHDs) are significant contributors to non-communicable diseases in children. CHDs alone occur in 0.8-1.0% live births globally. Data on echocardiogram diagnosed PHDs in Ghana however is lacking. We set out to describe the echocardiogram diagnosed prevalence of the various PHDs, their age profile and change in trends over an eleven-year period in children less than sixteen years seen in Kumasi. \u0000 MethodsWe retrieved archived first echocardiogram scan reports from January 2010 through December 2020, and extracted the diagnosis, scan date and sex of the patients. PHDs were categorized into CHDs and AHDs and proportions of the top five reported respectively. Observed trends in proportion of types of PHDs and age at first diagnosis were computed. Data was collected using Microsoft® Excel and analyzed with R statistical software. \u0000ResultsPHDs were present in 49.9% (2474/4962) of the scans done with 51.5% (95%CI: 49.5-53.5) being males and 93.3% CHDs. The number of different diagnoses were 3344 as some of the patients had multiple diagnosis. Of these, the top five CHDs were Ventricular Septal Defect (699, 20.9%), Atrial Septal Defect (634, 19.0%), Patent Ductus Arteriosus (576, 17.2%), Tetralogy of Fallot (318, 9.5%) and Atrio-Ventricular Canal Defect (222, 6.6%). That for AHDs were Rheumatic Heart Disease (61, 1.8%), Dilated Cardiomyopathy (46, 1.4%), pericardial effusion (29, 0.9%), Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (26, 0.9%) and Infective Endocarditis (14, 0.4%). Proportion of various PHDs stayed constant over the years (p=0.129). The median (IQR) age in months for acyanotic CHDs (6, 1.5-18), cyanotic CHDs (15.0, 4.0-36.0) and AHDs (72.0, 19.0-120) were significantly different (p<0.001). Age at diagnosis reduced by 0.46 months per year, (95%CI: 0.01 to 0.92, p=0.046) over the 11-year period. \u0000ConclusionPrevalence of CHDs and AHD are similar to other reports worldwide and has remained largely unchanged over the 11-year period. Age at first diagnosis however is reducing for all PHDs.","PeriodicalId":221258,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Current Medical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128619053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antenatal diagnosis of congenital pulmonary airway malformation – two case report","authors":"E. Ofori, N. Brobby","doi":"10.31191/afrijcmr.v5i1.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31191/afrijcmr.v5i1.101","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundCongenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM), is the most common Congenital Thoracic Malformation, accounting for 95% of congenital echogenic lung lesions detected antenatally on ultrasonography (USG). \u0000Antenatally diagnosed CPAM may regress or result in hydrops fetalis.  Management options include expectant fetal follow-up, maternal administration of steroids and fetal surgery. We present two cases of antenatally diagnosed CPAM with both mothers consenting to and receiving antenatal steroids. \u0000Case 1 \u0000A 31-year-old primigravida was noted with homogeneous highly hyperechoic right lung mass measuring 3.0 x 3.1 x 2.5cm at 24 weeks gestation on USG. The mass-to-thorax ratio (MTR) was 0.72, with no systemic feeding artery noted, stomach bubble was normally situated, there was no hydrops. An initial diagnosis of CPAM of the right lung was made.  At 38 weeks’ gestation, USG showed mass was unmeasurable. Delivery was via CS at 39 weeks.  Baby was well at birth and discharged home after 48 hours of monitoring, baby is 4 months old and growing well \u0000Case 2 \u0000A 33-year-old G4P3AA was diagnosed with CPAM on USG at 22 weeks’ gestation. There was displacement of fetal heart to the right hemi-thorax. Colour Doppler did not show a systemic feeding arterial supply, or hydrops, and no associated structural anomaly. Serial USG for MTR at 28- and 32-weeks’ gestation showed increase of 0.72 and 0.86 respectively, with polyhydramnios. Further USG noted MTR of 0.57. Delivery was by emergency caesarean section (CS) for prolonged labour at term. Baby required admission due to hypoxia and respiratory distress on the first day of life, baby was discharged on day 14 post-delivery. Chest computed tomographic angiogram noted a feeding vessel to part of the right lung. Patient is 6 months old and has undergone a successful surgery. \u0000Conclusion \u0000Antenatal USG diagnosis and multidisciplinary approach to management in Congenital Thoracic Malformations is essential and improves antenatal and post-natal outcomes. ","PeriodicalId":221258,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Current Medical Research","volume":"379 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133127483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empyema and Parapneumonic effusions in children admitted to a teaching hospital in Ghana. -A retrospective review","authors":"S. Kwarteng Owusu, S. Owusu, Haruna Mahama, I. Okyere, Naomi Adjetey, Eugene Martey, Richard Kwaku Kwarteng Owusu","doi":"10.31191/afrijcmr.v5i1.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31191/afrijcmr.v5i1.87","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000Parapneumonic effusions (PPE) and Empyema are serious complications of pneumonia in children that are associated with higher morbidity and prolonged hospital stay. The introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV 13) have led to a reported decline in the episodes of complicated pneumonia in children. The organisms commonly associated with PPE and Empyema are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus though Mycobacterium tuberculosis has also been reported. There is paucity of data on children with PPE and Empyema in Ghana. We aimed to describe the profile, mode of presentation and outcomes in children admitted with PPE and Empyema to the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. \u0000Methods \u0000A retrospective review of medical records (folders) and electronic data on children with PPE and Empyema admitted to the pulmonology unit from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrieved. Demographic records, immunization status, clinical presentation, length of hospital stay and outcome of admission were extracted using a Microsoft Excel. Data was then analysed with STATA version 16. \u0000Results \u0000Records were available for 51 children; the median age   was 42 months IQR (22.5-96) and 68.6% (n=35) were males. In all 84.2% (n=38), had received all immunisations up to date for age. At presentation, 9.5% (n=4/42) had oxygen saturation <90%, whilst 43.9% (n=18/41) had axillary temperature > 38oC. The median respiratory rate was 47.5 IQR (32.8-57). The Median white cell count was 15.84 X10 9/l IQR (11.9-24.73) and median hemoglobin was 9.6 g/dl IQR (8.6-11.7). Pleural aspirate culture isolated Staphylococcus aureus for 6 patients. The rest were either not available or had no bacterial growth. Amoxicillin clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone were the most commonly used antibiotics. The median length of hospital stay was 9 days IQR (7-12) while the median length of chest tube insertion was 7 days IQR (5.5-9). In all 7.8 (n-4/51) patients died. \u0000Conclusion \u0000Both young and older children are affected with PPE/empyema. There is a good uptake of vaccines among children admitted for PPE/empyema, Staphylococcus aureus is the most common bacterial isolated from pleural aspirate culture. Most children admitted with complicated PPE/Empyema survived.","PeriodicalId":221258,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Current Medical Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115888882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Referral Patterns of Children Seeking Out-Patient Neurology Service at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in the Middle of a Pandemic","authors":"A. Osei-Bonsu, A. Tannor, C. Hammond, J. Dogbe","doi":"10.31191/afrijcmr.v5i1.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31191/afrijcmr.v5i1.96","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000The Paediatric Neurology Clinic at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) was established in 2002 and run twice weekly. It offers management for children with non-surgical neurological and neuro-developmental disorders and has an average attendance of 20 patients (including 5 new cases) a day. In 2019, there were 2050 visits. Following the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, measures were instituted to prevent over-crowding at the clinic including a booking system where new patients were given appointment dates. Currently, there is no data on the referral patterns seen at the clinic and how the appointment system has impacted new patients’ attendance.   \u0000  Aim \u0000To determine the patterns of referrals and time lapse between referrals and first visit for new patients seen at the clinic in 2020. \u0000Method: \u0000A retrospective review of referral notes received at the clinic from January to December 2020 was done to extract data on the age, sex, referring facility, region, referring diagnosis, and the time lapse between referral and first clinic visit. For referrals originating outside KATH, the distance from the referring facility to KATH was estimated using Google Maps.  \u0000Results \u0000There were 265 new cases seen at the clinic in 2020. Of these, 172 (64.9%) referral letters were retrieved. The cases included 73 females and 99 males, with median age of 12 months (IQR 5-36). Referrals came from 10 regions with Ashanti contributing 88.4%. There were 136 (79.1%) referrals from public facilities and 36 (20.9%) from private facilities. Eighty-five (49.4%) referrals were from within KATH. Medical officers (72.7%) and pediatricians (7.6%) sent the most referrals. The median time lapse from date of referral to first visit was 16 days (IQR 7-60).  The most recuring reasons for referrals were neuro-developmental disorders (41%), seizures (38%) and neuro-behavioral disorders (12%). For referrals originating outside KATH, the median distance from the referring facilities to KATH was 11km (IQR 3.6 – 56). \u0000Conclusion \u0000Children seeking neurological care at KATH are referred from various regions. There are long time lapses between referrals and first visit. It is recommended that referring clinicians in the districts/regions initiate treatment/therapies during this waiting period to minimize neuro-disabilities.","PeriodicalId":221258,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Current Medical Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114877571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality pattern within twenty-four hours of admission to a pediatric emergency room in a teaching hospital in Ghana","authors":"S. Owusu, J. Sylverken, Serwaa Bonsu Asafo-Agyei, Augustine Ampofo, D. Ansong","doi":"10.31191/afrijcmr.v5i1.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31191/afrijcmr.v5i1.104","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundChildhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa still remains high despite a reduction in global trends. Although several strategies have been instituted to help reduce this, the progress is slow which can affect the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG). Majority of these deaths occur within the first twenty-four hours of admission due to delay in seeking medical care and inability to identify and adequately resuscitate the critically ill patients. The aim of the study was to describe the pattern of mortality within the first twenty-four hours in children presenting to the Paediatric Emergency Unit (PEU) of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) in Kumasi, Ghana. \u0000Methods \u0000This was a retrospective review of mortalities in children aged 2 months to 13 years   admitted to PEU from January to December 2020. The bio-data, duration of illness, diagnoses, duration of hospital stay and admission outcome were extracted from their health records and analysed. \u0000Results \u0000There were 2,145 admissions during the study period of which 59.3% (n=1272) were males, and 38.5% (n=825) were under-five years of age. Out of the 171 (7.9%) that died, 31.5% (n=54) occurred during the first 24 hours with 51.8% (n=28) being males and 77.7% (n=42) under-five years of age. \u0000The months with the highest recorded mortality occurring within 24 hours were January 16.6% (n=9), March 14.8% (n=8), and February 12.9% (n=7) with sepsis/septic shock 18.5% (n=10), Pneumonia 12.9% (n=7), surgical conditions 9% (n=5), Severe acute malnutrition 7% (n=4), and diarrhoea diseases 7% (n=4) being the leading causes of death. \u0000Conclusion \u0000Sepsis/septic shock and pneumonia are top two causes of mortality within 24-hours of admission with the highest mortality occurring in the first quarter.  In order to end preventable deaths in under-fives and achieve the SDG 3.2, early health care seeking behaviour, quality and timely interventions for critically ill children as well as appropriate development and deployment of disease commodity packages will be key.","PeriodicalId":221258,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Current Medical Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128361849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demography and Outcomes of End-Stage Renal Diseases (ESRD) of in Children Admitted to a Renal Unit in a Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana.","authors":"Maame Animah Sarfo, S. Antwi, A. Amoah, Anna Serwaa Appiah, E. Obeng, Patricia Obeng","doi":"10.31191/afrijcmr.v5i1.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31191/afrijcmr.v5i1.94","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000The prevalence of end-stage renal disease is purported to be increasing in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) but interventions for renal replacement therapy in these settings are limited. There is limited data on the demography, clinical features, aetiology and outcomes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) admissions in LMIC. We aimed to describe the demographic profile and outcomes of End-Stage Kidney Diseases among children admitted to a paediatric renal unit in a resource-limited setting from January 2014 to December 2015. \u0000Methods \u0000A retrospective analysis of data of children admitted with ESRD was conducted by review of medical charts. \u0000Results \u0000Over the two year period reviewed there were 300 admissions into the renal unit of which 64 (21.3%) had ESRD. The mean ± SD age at presentation was 9.3 ± 3.0 years with a preponderance of females- 38 (60%) and no significant age differences according to gender. The mean ± SD eGFR on admission was 5.6 ± 2.9 ml/min/1.73m2. A total of 27 (42.2%) children with ESRD died in hospital. None of the children who survived acute admissions were offered long-term renal replacement therapy or renal transplant because these services are non-existent in Ghana. \u0000Conclusion \u0000ESRD is a frequent cause of admission among Ghanaian children presenting to the renal unit with no facility for Renal Replacement Therapy. All these children will thus invariably die from complications of uraemia. Steps to set up renal replacement therapy services for children in Ghana are thus urgently needed to reverse these disturbing trends.","PeriodicalId":221258,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Current Medical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129305527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of Paediatric Electroencephalogram at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital","authors":"C. Hammond, A. Osei-Bonsu, Michael Acheampong, J. Dogbe","doi":"10.31191/afrijcmr.v5i1.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31191/afrijcmr.v5i1.97","url":null,"abstract":" BackgroundThough the diagnosis of epilepsy remains clinical, the electroencephalogram (EEG) is important in further evaluation of the patient, providing details on seizure type(s) and sometimes confirming an epilepsy syndrome. In Ghana, until 2016, EEG service was only available in the capital, Accra, and not accessible to many patients with epilepsy. Following the introduction of paediatric EEG service at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) in 2016, many children with epilepsy are referred from various parts of the country for further evaluation. There is no data on where these children are referred from, who is referring them, and how long it takes to get the EEG done and receive a report. \u0000We aimed to determine the demography and patterns of referral of children seeking EEG service at KATH. \u0000Methods \u0000A retrospective review of EEG referral letters and EEG reports of patients who had EEG recordings at the Paediatric EEG laboratory from January to December 2020 was done to determine the age, sex, referring facility, region, waiting times, and the abnormalities reported. For patients referred from outside KATH, the distance from the referring centers to KATH was estimated using Google Maps. \u0000Results \u0000Two hundred and fifty-six patients (108 females and 148 males, aged 1 month to 41 years) had EEGs done in the lab in 2020. These were referred from 10 out of the 16 regions, with Ashanti contributing the majority (74%). Most of the referrals were from medical officers (49.2%) and pediatricians (including neurologists) (33.2%). For referrals not coming from KATH, the mean distance from the referring centers to KATH was 55.1km (IQR 5.3 - 107.0km). After requesting an EEG, it took a median duration of 4 days (IQR 1-9) to get the recording done, and a further median duration of 20 days (IQR 8-34) to receive a report. Fifty-seven percent of the EEGs were reported as abnormal.   \u0000  Conclusion \u0000EEG utilization is common among medical officers and paediatricians caring for children with epilepsy who are referred from various parts of the country. In resource-limited settings, clinicians need to consider several factors before requesting an EEG to minimize abuse.","PeriodicalId":221258,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Current Medical Research","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131569349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and determining factors of HIV infection among HIV exposed infants in a teaching hospital in Ghana","authors":"S. Owusu, A. Enimil","doi":"10.31191/afrijcmr.v5i1.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31191/afrijcmr.v5i1.91","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundAlthough there has been a decrease in mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV, new pediatric infections still occur especially during the postnatal period. Prevention of vertical transmission is a key strategy in reducing the incidence which is 15-30% during pregnancy and delivery and 5-20% during breastfeeding. Early infant diagnosis and prompt initiation of antiretroviral are among some of the interventions that help to reduce the risk of transmission.ObjectivesThe purpose of the study is to assess the prevalence of HIV infection and the socio-demographic characteristics of HIV exposed infants presenting to KATH infectious disease clinic. \u0000MethodsA retrospective review of folders of exposed infants presenting to the infectious disease clinic from September 2019 to September 2021 was done. Data was entered onto excel sheet and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used. \u0000ResultsA total of 245 HIV exposed infants were seen within study period of which 54.35 (133/245) were males. The mean (SD) of birth weight was 3.07 (0.50). The median (IQR) age in months were 2.3 (1.5-3.3) at first visit to the HIV exposed clinic. Mode of delivery was by spontaneous vaginal delivery for 50.6% (124/245) and by caesarian section for 36.3% (89/245). \u0000Exclusive breastfeeding was initiated in 72.7% (178/245), formula feeding in 6.1% (15/245), and mixed feeding in 4.1% (10/245). Antiretroviral were initiated at birth for 95.9% (235/245) of infants. Septrin prophylaxis was initiated at 6 weeks for 60% (147/245). \u0000A major limitation of this records review was high level of data missingness. Most of the early infant diagnosis results were missing. The very few recorded were negative making it impossible to evaluate the true status of the exposed infants.ConclusionEven though infants exposed to mothers with HIV are seen regularly at KATH, the quality of the data collections must improve to estimate accurately the prevalence and determinants of HIV infection in exposed infants.","PeriodicalId":221258,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Current Medical Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125303754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mid-term outcomes of corrective surgery for anorectal malformations at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana","authors":"Abiboyoe Cheduko Yifieyeh, F. Galley, Robert Sagoe, B. Nimako, M. Amoah, Anthony Davor","doi":"10.31191/afrijcmr.v5i1.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31191/afrijcmr.v5i1.106","url":null,"abstract":" BackgroundAnorectal malformations (ARM) are a spectrum of congenital defects of the distal gastrointestinal tract. Although faecal continence and the absence of constipation are recognised measures of outcome of curative surgery for ARM, evaluation of these measures can be challenging particularly in resource-poor countries. The difficulty of long-term follow- up in such settings and the other plausible causes of faecal incontinence other than the surgical procedure performed are the usual reasons. The Krickenbeck score for faecal incontinence is one objective way of measuring the surgical outcome following the surgical correction of ARM. We present the medium-term outcomes of the patients who had ARM surgically corrected at our hospital. \u0000Methods \u0000The folders of all patients who had curative surgery for ARM at our hospital (Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi) from 2012-2016 were retrieved from the records department. Those who had had colostomy closure after curative surgery were identified. Data on age, sex, diagnosis and type of corrective surgery for these patients were documented. Telephone interviews of their mothers were then conducted and the incidence of faecal soiling and \u0000constipation recorded. \u0000Results \u0000A total of 46 interviews were concluded out of the 53 patients identified. The ages ranged from 8 - 107months with an interquartile range of 9-24months (SD 16.93) and a male-female ratio of 1:1.  Most patients (61%, n=28) had voluntary bowel movements without faecal soiling (Krickenbeck grade 1) and 1 had persistent constipation. Urinary disturbances were experienced by 4 patients (incontinence-3, straining at micturiction-1). \u0000Conclusion \u0000Our study reveals acceptable medium-term outcomes for most patients who had corrective surgery for ARM at our centre. Long term follow-up and further evaluation of patients with faecal incontinence is necessary.","PeriodicalId":221258,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Current Medical Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134292507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}