{"title":"Nonlinearity in Fluoride Glass Single-Mode Fibers for Optical Communication","authors":"R. Osborne","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.we14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.we14","url":null,"abstract":"The low projected attenuation loss of fluoride glass down to 0.02 dB/km in the wavelength region around 2.5 μm has motivated the development and characterization of fluoride fiber, in particular ZBLAN-based fiber, for use in long-range optical links. At this attenuation value, repeaterless systems up to approximately 500 km in length should be realizable while undersea or transcontinental links would still require a few repeaters for attenuation and/or dispersion compensation. Analogous to silica fibers, the fiber nonlinearity may be employed as a means of overcoming the dispersion limitation to the maximum achievable bitrate through soliton pulse propagation while stimulated Raman scattering is capable of supplying distributed gain over a broad frequency range in both linear and nonlinear systems. The soliton-based system places, however, comparatively stringent demands both on the soliton source and on the distance between repeaters to maintain the soliton energy and stability. After presenting the relevant physical properties of the fiber, this work therefore first questions the viability of soliton versus linear pulse transmission for communication purposes in fluoride fiber by comparing their single-channel information carrying capacities.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123208414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Technique for characterization of laser-induced dielectric gratings: Application to non-photorefractive cubic KTaO3:Cu","authors":"P. Xia, J. Partanen, R. Hellwarth","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.tud26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.tud26","url":null,"abstract":"Two constant overlapping monochromatic laser beams can interfere in any homogeneous medium to produce a spatially sinusoidal variation \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Δ\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ε\u0000 ⇀\u0000 \u0000 ⇀\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Ae in the complex dielectric tensor (i.e. an \"optical grating\").1 In most experiments in insulators to date, the optical grating arose either from the photorefractive effect or from optically excited impurities such as Nd3+ in YAG. In general \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Δ\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ε\u0000 ⇀\u0000 \u0000 ⇀\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 may be written as a superposition of complex sinusoidal variations that are in and out of phase with the optical beam interference pattern. In this paper we describe a simple and efficient technique for measuring both the spatially in-phase and out-of-phase components of at least one complex tensor component of \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Δ\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ε\u0000 ⇀\u0000 \u0000 ⇀\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 . In those rare cases where desired information resides in the other tensor components, our method can be extended to measure them. We illustrate our technique by measuring an optical grating produced by 633 nm beams in a cubic KTaO3:Cu crystal which is not photorefractive. Nevertheless, the grating is comparable in magnitude to photorefractive gratings. Also the grating is quite visible to our technique, even though there is almost no steady-state energy exchange between the beams. Our method is an extension of one used by Zha, et al.2 to monitor photorefractive gratings.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123287924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Avramopoulos, N. Whitaker, M. C. Gabriel, P. French
{"title":"All-optical, polarization-independent switching using the Sagnac interferometer","authors":"H. Avramopoulos, N. Whitaker, M. C. Gabriel, P. French","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.we22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.we22","url":null,"abstract":"Polarization-dependent operation is a serious obstacle in the development of practical photonic devices. In photon-photon devices polarization dependence can arise from different reasons. For example, orthogonal linear polarizations are often used to isolate the two input channels of a three terminal device. In such a case polarization dependence is essential for proper operation of the circuit. Also, in devices where interferometry is used, the polarization of the signal and reference beams must be the same or the interference is incomplete. Schemes such as polarization diversity do not work with nonlinear optical devices, as the interaction is intensity dependent. One successful approach is active polarization control, which requires detection and control circuitry combined with a LiNbO3 electrooptic polarization controller [1]. Active control however, entails extra complexity and expense, and the difficulty involved leads one to the search for simpler schemes.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117290440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Horinouchi, T. Kinoshita, K. Sasaki, T. Okamoto, N. Tanaka, T. Fukawa, M. Goto
{"title":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of a novel organic crystal: 2-Furyl Methacrylic Anhydride (FMA)","authors":"S. Horinouchi, T. Kinoshita, K. Sasaki, T. Okamoto, N. Tanaka, T. Fukawa, M. Goto","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.md18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.md18","url":null,"abstract":"We report a new organic nonlinear optical crystal, 2-Furyl Methacrylic Anhydride (FMA). Fig.1 shows the molecular structure of FMA. The crystal, whose cut-off wavelength is located at about 380nm, is almost transparent in visible region. The refractive indices were measured by employing Brewster angle method. One of second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients, d33, was determined by Maker fringe method.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115186308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optical Image Recognition System Implemented with a 3-D Memory Disk","authors":"D. Psaltis, H. Li, Y. Qiao, K. Curtis","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.pd5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.pd5","url":null,"abstract":"Holographic storage of data in 3-D media can provide high density of information storage and parallel access to the stored information. Such memories were investigated extensively in the early 60’s [1,2,3,4,5] and even though these early efforts produced remarkable results they never found practical application largely because of material limitations such as low sensitivity, fanning, and hologram decay. Interest in holographic 3-D memories has been revitalized in recent years for a variety of reasons, the most significant probably being the emergence of applications, such as neural networks, machine vision, and databases, that can make use of the capabilities of holographic 3-D memories.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131693006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantum Theory of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency","authors":"D. Walls, K. Gheri","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.tuc6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.tuc6","url":null,"abstract":"There have recently been several experiments which have observed electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic systems(1,2) This is based on the population trapping which may occur when two lower states are coupled to a common upper state by two laser fields. Due to destructive quantum mechanical interference this gives rise to a nonabsorbing resonance. Thus a strongly absorbing atomic transition may be rendered opaque.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131006518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pumped-cavity frequency-doubling of semiconductor laser radiation","authors":"D. Tyler, J. McInerney","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.we2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.we2","url":null,"abstract":"One demonstrated scheme for doubling AlGaAs and InGaAs laser radiation to the blue (.400-.500 pm) is pumped-cavity secondharmonic generation (PC-SHG) [1]. In this scheme, an optically nonlinear medium is placed in a cavity pumped by an external source. We show that optimization of this process is a nonlinear problem and have developed a simple algorithm for selection of optimal parameters.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124054580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coherent Ultrafast All-Optical Switching in Fibers","authors":"G. Stegeman, C. Krautschik, R. Stolen","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.mc3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.mc3","url":null,"abstract":"All-optical switching reported to date in fibers or channel waveguides has relied on having a high intensity beam to either switch itself between two waveguides, or to switch a low intensity signal beam.[1] Since the switching mechanisms all rely on intensity, any information contained in the phase of a signal beam cannot be used. Here we propose and demonstrate experimentally for the first time a different approach in which a weak beam can switch a strong beam, with the fraction switched controlled by the phase instead of the intensity of the control beam. Picosecond switching based on this idea was implemented in rocking filter fibers.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115215031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optical Physics with Finesse - Dissipative Quantum Dynamics for Atoms in a Cavity with R=0.9999984","authors":"H. Kimble, G. Rempe, R. Thompson","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.tua2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.tua2","url":null,"abstract":"While for the most part quantum statistical processes in quantum optics are investigated in a weak coupling regime, it has recently become possible to realize experimentally optical systems for which the internal coupling coefficient g is comparable to the external dissipative rates. Within this context the subject of our investigation is the quantum dynamical processes for a collection of N two-state atoms strongly coupled to a single mode of a high finesse optical cavity, Our particular experiment consists of a small collection of Cesium atoms (6S1/2, F = 4 → 6P3/2, F = 5 transition at 852nm) interacting with the TEM00 mode of a spherical mirror cavity. The critical technical advance for this work is the attainment of extremely low loss mirrors for high finesse (103 – 106) and hence long photon lifetime even in a small cavity.[1]","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122561292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Verbiest, E. Hendrickx, A. Persoons, Koen Clays
{"title":"Measurements of molecular optical Hyperpolarisabilities using Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering","authors":"T. Verbiest, E. Hendrickx, A. Persoons, Koen Clays","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.fb4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.fb4","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we report on new experiments of Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering (HRS) in solution, i.e. incoherent second harmonic light scattered from solutions illuminated by intense (IR) laser pulses. The HRS-technique, developed recently1, allows an accurate and easy determination of first order hyperpolarisabilities β of molecules. The great advantage of HRS as compared to electric field induced second harmonic generation (EFISHG, the other technique to determine β) is the absence of an orienting electric field to reduce the intrinsic symmetry of an isotropic solution. As a consequence data on the dipole moments are not needed and local field correction factors are unnecessary. HRS allows the determination of β of ionic species and will be the method of choice for the investigation of apolar molecules where p originates from octopolar charge distributions.2","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125090151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}