South African Journal of Plant and Soil最新文献_第3页

Is the use of commercial organic ameliorants for cropping justified? 商业有机改良作物的使用是否合理?

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South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2023.2192528

T. Baloyi, F. Kutu, C. du Preez

{"title":"Is the use of commercial organic ameliorants for cropping justified?","authors":"T. Baloyi, F. Kutu, C. du Preez","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2023.2192528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2023.2192528","url":null,"abstract":"Large areas of soils in sub-Saharan Africa are poor in organic matter and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilisation is essential for cropping. Most farmers are smallholders who cannot afford NPK fertilisers but they could consider alternatives like commercial organic ameliorants.This applies also for commercial farmers to improve profitability. The effects of nine ameliorants on the grain yield, biomass yield and harvest index of maize were evaluated over three years at Bothaville (8% clay), Ottosdal (12% clay) and Potchefstroom (34% clay). All ameliorants were applied as manufacturers prescribe. None of the ameliorants can serve as replacement of NPK fertilisers. Active ingredients other than the small amounts of N, P and K they contain, comprised of effective microorganisms (EMs), human manure, humic acids and poultry manure, and were not able to boost crop growth as manufacturers advocated. Biozone (EMs), Gliogrow (EMs), Growmax (Human manure), K-humate (Humic acid) and Crop Care (Humic acid) that were applied with NPK fertilisation resulted in 22 to 44% instances in significantly higher grain yield (938 to 1 288 kg ha−1) compared to the NPK control; however, many inconsistencies between experimental sites and years were observed. The use of commercial organic ameliorants cannot recommended to farmers without proper evaluation.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"40 1","pages":"34 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45663636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Response of wheat cultivars with varying acid tolerances to liming of eastern Free State soils 不同耐酸性小麦品种对东部自由邦土壤施石灰的反应

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South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2022.2137590

H. van Zyl, C. du Preez

{"title":"Response of wheat cultivars with varying acid tolerances to liming of eastern Free State soils","authors":"H. van Zyl, C. du Preez","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2022.2137590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2022.2137590","url":null,"abstract":"The sustainable production of wheat can be affected by soil acidity in the eastern Free State, South Africa. Liming of soil to appropriate acidity levels is therefore regarded as an essential farming practice. In some instances, however, planting of acid-tolerant wheat cultivars is recommended as an interim management measure. Hence, we evaluated the response (grain yield, grain protein content and hectoliter mass) of wheat cultivars with poor (Karee or Limpopo), moderate (SST 224 or Gariep) and good (Tugela DN) acid tolerance on soils (8–33% clay) over a range of lime-induced pH (KCl) values (3.7–5.7) under field conditions spanning 4 to 5 years. In Year 2 no data was collected due to staff shortages. Across the pH ranges, grain yields of the most acid-tolerant cultivars exceeded those of the moderately acid-tolerant cultivars by 29–54%, and those of the poorly acid-tolerant cultivars by 36–62%. Due to climatic conditions, larger differences in grain protein content were observed between years rather than between treatment combinations. Hectoliter mass, although influenced by treatment combinations, exceeded the threshold value of 76 kg hL−1. The results, especially of grain yield, proved the usefulness of acid-tolerant wheat cultivars during the initial stages of liming programs, until acceptable levels of soil acidity are reached.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"39 1","pages":"360 - 369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48651001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Sludge as an initial nutrient driver for yield improvement in the poor soils of northern Namibia 污泥作为提高纳米比亚北部贫瘠土壤产量的初始营养驱动因素

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South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2022.2119291

E. Ebrahimi, J. Zinkernagel

引用次数: 0

Genotypic variability in nutrient uptake and use efficiency in chickpea grown under low phosphorus availability in a Mediterranean climate 地中海气候低磷条件下鹰嘴豆营养吸收和利用效率的基因型变异

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South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2022.2142972

Hanine Loucif, B. Bousalhih, Rebiha Chaoui, J. Drevon, M. Farissi, M. Lazali

{"title":"Genotypic variability in nutrient uptake and use efficiency in chickpea grown under low phosphorus availability in a Mediterranean climate","authors":"Hanine Loucif, B. Bousalhih, Rebiha Chaoui, J. Drevon, M. Farissi, M. Lazali","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2022.2142972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2022.2142972","url":null,"abstract":"Low phosphorus (P) availability is a major constraint for chickpea production. Consequently, P-efficient genotypes can improve productivity under conditions where the higher application of P is not economical. This study was conducted to characterise four chickpea genotypes for nutrient uptake and use efficiency under low-P conditions over two growing seasons. At flowering stage, plants were harvested and analysed for their nodulation, growth, P content and yield. Results indicate that low P availability significantly limited plant growth, nodulation and yield for all genotypes with the greatest effect on for Flip 84-92C and Flip 01-29C. The genotypes Flip 90-13C and ILC 32-79 showed the highest P uptake and use efficiency. The genotypes with high nutrient uptake had better efficiency in use of rhizobial symbiosis. It is concluded that nutrient uptake and use efficiency may be an important functional trait that may contribute to the selection of cultivars able to produce high quality seeds and efficiently fix nitrogen under conditions of low soil P.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"39 1","pages":"331 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49468975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Soil organic carbon stocks and properties are affected by plant cover types in an urban ecosystem in Colombia 哥伦比亚城市生态系统中植物覆盖类型对土壤有机碳储量和性质的影响

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South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2022.2131009

Víctor Mondragón, F. Hurtado, Daniel Francisco Jaramillo Jaramillo

{"title":"Soil organic carbon stocks and properties are affected by plant cover types in an urban ecosystem in Colombia","authors":"Víctor Mondragón, F. Hurtado, Daniel Francisco Jaramillo Jaramillo","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2022.2131009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2022.2131009","url":null,"abstract":"Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the main element in soil organic matter (SOM) and its storage or release into the atmosphere is sensitive to changes in land use. This study evaluated SOC storage and SOM quality in the Metropolitan Regional Natural Park, Cerro El Volador, MedelIín-Colombia, in areas where plant cover was restored with plants from different functional groups consisting of secondary vegetation (SV), forest plantations of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (EUC) and Pinus patula Schltdl. & Cham. (PIN), and pastures (PAS). Soil samples were taken at the O horizon and at two soil depths at the A horizon (0–10 and 10–20 cm). The quality of the SOM was evaluated through humification indices, spectrophotometric tests and carbon distribution in humic substances. The highest storage of SOC in the O horizon occurred in PIN, followed by EUC, SV and PAS. In descending order, the vegetation with the highest SOC values for the A horizon at both depths evaluated were EUC, PAS, PIN and SV. Humification indices showed that the SOM was mainly composed of fresh SOM with little humification. The humification process of SOM evolved towards humic acids of the P-group. These results show that the change of cover significantly affects the storage of SOC, the characteristics of SOM and the properties of the soil.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"39 1","pages":"322 - 330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43628272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-term experimental data and crop modelling to inform the ecological intensification of irrigated wheat production in South Africa 为南非灌溉小麦生产的生态集约化提供信息的长期实验数据和作物模型

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South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2022.2125094

S. Magwaza, M. van der Laan, D. Marais

{"title":"Long-term experimental data and crop modelling to inform the ecological intensification of irrigated wheat production in South Africa","authors":"S. Magwaza, M. van der Laan, D. Marais","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2022.2125094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2022.2125094","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is threatened by climate change and the decline in agricultural land available due to urbanisation, farmers switching to other crops, and environmental degradation. The aim of this study was to investigate the ecological intensification (EI) of irrigated wheat production in South Africa. Data from the long-term wheat trial at the University of Pretoria and an intensive growth analysis conducted in 2019 were used to calibrate and evaluate the APSIM model. Following adequate model performance, improved management scenarios including crop rotation, manure application, optimised inorganic nitrogen (N) fertiliser application rate, objectively scheduled irrigation, and a combination of all these improved management practices together, were tested. The adoption of all management practices simultaneously was shown to be the best practice, achieving an increase of 18% in yield and reducing deep drainage and N leaching by 31%. Whereas measured data indicated a decrease in soil organic matter (SOM) from 1.20% in 1950 to 0.58% in 2019, adopting EI measures could reduce the loss of SOM to only 0.68%. Farmers are encouraged to adopt one or more of these EI management practices as their site-specific situations allow.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"39 1","pages":"309 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46431586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of liming on extractable phosphorus, exchangeable base cations, and effective cation exchange capacity of eastern Free State soils 石灰化对东部自由邦土壤可提取磷、交换碱阳离子和有效阳离子交换能力的影响

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South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2022.2132542

H. van Zyl, C. du Preez

{"title":"Impact of liming on extractable phosphorus, exchangeable base cations, and effective cation exchange capacity of eastern Free State soils","authors":"H. van Zyl, C. du Preez","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2022.2132542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2022.2132542","url":null,"abstract":"Soil acidity can adversely affect wheat production in the eastern Free State, South Africa. Liming of the soils is therefore essential. The aim of this study was to establish whether extractable phosphorus (P), exchangeable calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) concentrations and cation ratios remained within recommended ranges after liming. Incubation and field studies were done on soils of wheat fields at Kestell, Fouriesburg, Prinsloo and Melrose in the eastern Free State, South Africa. Lime was applied at different rates to induce soil acidity ranges for determination of Bray 1 extractable P and ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) exchangeable Ca, Mg and K concentrations. Cation ratios (Ca:Mg, Mg:K and (Ca + Mg):K) and effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) were also calculated. Apart from the Prinsloo soil, liming decreased extractable P concentration only in the incubation study. In the incubation and field studies exchangeable Ca and Mg concentrations increased while exchangeable K concentration remained unchanged. Despite liming of the soils, exchangeable Ca and Mg concentrations at Kestell and Fouriesburg were still less than the required thresholds. The Ca:Mg ratio decreased at both sites while the Mg:K and (Ca + Mg):K ratios increased with liming. Liming increased ECEC of all soils at all four sites. Our results show that liming does not always result in the recommended cation levels required for soil fertility.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"39 1","pages":"351 - 359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44322268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Liming guidelines for soils under wheat cropping in the eastern Free State, South Africa 南非自由邦东部小麦种植土壤Liming指南

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South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2022.2121438

H. van Zyl, C. du Preez

{"title":"Liming guidelines for soils under wheat cropping in the eastern Free State, South Africa","authors":"H. van Zyl, C. du Preez","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2022.2121438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2022.2121438","url":null,"abstract":"Soil acidity hampers the sustainability of wheat production in the eastern Free State, South Africa. Specific guidelines for liming are needed by farmers and advisors to ameliorate this condition. In this study, soils from four representative wheat producing farms were used for incubation and field studies to generate data for the development of liming guidelines. The clay content of the soils ranged between 8 and 33%, with pH (KCl) values below 4.5 and percentage acid saturation (%AS) above 8. These parameters are regarded as thresholds for wheat cultivation. Liming of the topsoil (0–200 mm) at different rates increased pH (KCl) linearly and decreased %AS exponentially. Either the resulting pH (KCl) or %AS values can be used in the development of liming guidelines. Using these values, an equation was established that is suitable for the estimation of lime requirement of soil: y 8.320× 1 + 0.0459× 2 − 1.0370, R 2 = 0.86 where y is the lime requirement (tonnes ha−1), x 1 = ΔpH (KCl) and x 2 = clay content (%). This equation was also used to compile a look-up table from which the soils’ lime requirement can be derived. Farmers and advisors can improve liming strategies for wheat production by applying this information.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"39 1","pages":"340 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48710942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-term effects of micro-fine and class A calcitic lime application rates on soil acidity and rooibos tea yields under Clanwilliam field conditions Clanwilliam田间条件下施用微量和A类钙石灰对土壤酸度和rooibos茶产量的长期影响

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South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2022-10-04 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2022.2107244

Jacobus FN Smith, A. Hardie

{"title":"Long-term effects of micro-fine and class A calcitic lime application rates on soil acidity and rooibos tea yields under Clanwilliam field conditions","authors":"Jacobus FN Smith, A. Hardie","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2022.2107244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2022.2107244","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research on the effect of soil liming on rooibos tea growth was limited to short-term greenhouse trials. This is the first long-term field study to investigate the effect of lime application on rooibos tea production. Micro-fine and class A calcitic lime with similar levels of purity were applied at rates of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 tonnes ha−1 to a depth of 15 cm on an acid (pHKCl 4.4), sandy soil in Clanwilliam, prior to planting. Soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC), rooibos mortality and yields were then measured over a period of 4 years. Foliar nutrients were determined in Year 4. Micro-fine lime resulted in significantly higher soil pH values (0.5 pH units) than class A lime. Both limes achieved maximum soil pH and EC values in Year 2, but these values declined significantly in Years 3 and 4. This is most likely due to leaching and exhaustion of the most soluble lime fractions. Although micro-fine lime had positive effects on foliar nitrogen and calcium concentrations and bush survival, liming appeared to have a negative effect on rooibos tea yields. Yields tended to decline with increasing lime application rate. Thus, it appears that under the Clanwilliam field conditions in the present study, liming is unnecessary.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"39 1","pages":"270 - 277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48795199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Influence of cropping sequences on labile carbon and phosphorus fractions in a wheat-based conservation agriculture system 种植顺序对小麦保护性农业系统中不稳定碳和磷组分的影响

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South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2022-10-04 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2022.2092659

NZ Sosibo, E. Dube, P. Muchaonyerwa, TJ Tsilo

{"title":"Influence of cropping sequences on labile carbon and phosphorus fractions in a wheat-based conservation agriculture system","authors":"NZ Sosibo, E. Dube, P. Muchaonyerwa, TJ Tsilo","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2022.2092659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2022.2092659","url":null,"abstract":"While conservation agriculture (CA) has largely been successful in many areas, some reports suggest that certain farmers have not realised the benefits they had hoped for, especially in Africa. The benefits of CA could depend on the cropping sequences involved. This study determined the short-term effects of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/ maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat/ soybean (Glycine max L.) cropping sequences on fractions of soil organic carbon (SOC), inorganic phosphorus and other soil quality parameters in the 0–200 and 200–400 mm depths on CA farms. Water-soluble carbon (C) and available phosphorus (P) (NaHCO3 Pi) were significantly higher and NaOH I Pi was lower in maize/wheat than in soybean/wheat sequences. SOC, extractable P, and NaHCO3 Pi were significantly higher in the 0–200 mm than in the 200–400 mm depth. Extractable P correlated positively with particulate organic carbon (OC) fractions under both sequences. In addition, soil pH, exchangeable potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were significantly higher while acid saturation and Ca:Mg was lower in maize/wheat than in soybean/wheat sequences. The findings imply that short-term cropping sequences do not affect SOC sequestration but a wheat crop preceded by maize could benefit from higher soil pH and labile C fractions making P more available, with the additional benefit of available K in these CA systems.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"39 1","pages":"248 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46016703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0