South African Journal of Plant and Soil最新文献_第3页

Optimising the rate and stages of application of nitrogen fertiliser for stevia under greenhouse conditions 在温室条件下优化甜菊的氮肥施用速率和阶段

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South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2022.2137591

Alireza Eslami-Firouzabadi, M. Karimi, Ali Abbasi-surki, A. Shafeinia, Fatemeh Derikvand-Moghadam

{"title":"Optimising the rate and stages of application of nitrogen fertiliser for stevia under greenhouse conditions","authors":"Alireza Eslami-Firouzabadi, M. Karimi, Ali Abbasi-surki, A. Shafeinia, Fatemeh Derikvand-Moghadam","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2022.2137591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2022.2137591","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient most used by crop producers and its application may affect the N use efficiency in crop production. The present study was conducted in order to determine the optimum N fertiliser rate and application stages (S) for stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) production for the first cutting, under greenhouse conditions. A two-factorial experiment with four N fertiliser rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha−1 applied as urea) and three stages (sole split N applied at sowing; dual split N applied at sowing and one month after sowing; triple split N applied at sowing, one and two months from sowing) were laid out in a completely randomised design. Each treatment combination was replicated three times. The plants were grown in boxes (1 m−2, 40 cm high) filled with loam soil and the treatments were applied as described. Results showed that stevia growth and metabolites were significantly affected by N rates and application stages. Stevia leaf area index (LAI), leaf yield, leaf/stem ratio and harvest index (HI), steviol glycosides (SVglys) content, SVglys compositions and yield were the highest when 40 kg N ha−1 was applied in two stages. This was also true for leaf and SVglys yield. Splitting of N application of 120 kg ha−1 into three stages showed an inhibitory effect on some stevia traits such as SVglys content and yield. Based on the current results and efficient N application, 40 kg N ha−1 split into two stages is recommended for stevia production under greenhouse conditions.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42577430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sugarcane cultivar genetic gains for coastal agro-ecological regions of South Africa 南非沿海农业生态区甘蔗品种遗传增益

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South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2022.2148007

Marvellous M. Zhou

{"title":"Sugarcane cultivar genetic gains for coastal agro-ecological regions of South Africa","authors":"Marvellous M. Zhou","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2022.2148007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2022.2148007","url":null,"abstract":"Cultivar genetic gains quantify the increase in productivity from release of cultivars and measure genetic improvements from plant breeding. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the genetic gains from sugarcane coastal cultivars and evaluate their contribution to productivity. Data were derived from replicated plant breeding and post-release variety evaluation trials conducted by the South Africa Sugarcane Research Institute (SASRI) from 1996 to 2020. There were significant cultivar differences for cane yield, sucrose content, sugar yield, fibre % and purity %. Significant analyses of cultivar by location, cultivar by crop-year and cultivar by location by crop-year indicate further optimisation of cultivar disposition is needed to increase productivity. Cultivar genetic gains were found for cane yield (0.19–0.48 t ha−1), sucrose content (0.01–0.02%), sugar yield (0.03–0.07 t ha−1 per year), fibre % cane (0.04–0.06%) and purity % (0.02–0.04%), highlighting the increased yield and quality from genetic improvement. The best cultivars produced 8–22% higher sugar yields than popular cultivars indicating that planting high yield cultivars did increase yields. Sugar cane production declined at a slower rate than area planted, also showing the benefit of high yield cultivars. Increasing the area planted to new, higher yielding cultivars will increase sugar yields for coastal regions of South Africa.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49416879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An allele-specific PCR assay for detection of mutations that confer benzimidazole resistance and zoxamide sensitivity in Phyllosticta citricarpa 等位基因特异性聚合酶链式反应检测柑橘叶中苯并咪唑抗性和唑酰胺敏感性突变

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South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2023.2185693

B. Coetzee, E. Carstens, G. C. Schutte, E. Basson, Mia J Groeneveld, Tankiso Mpholo, P. Moyo, Jessica C Winn, P. Fourie, A. V. D. van der Merwe

{"title":"An allele-specific PCR assay for detection of mutations that confer benzimidazole resistance and zoxamide sensitivity in Phyllosticta citricarpa","authors":"B. Coetzee, E. Carstens, G. C. Schutte, E. Basson, Mia J Groeneveld, Tankiso Mpholo, P. Moyo, Jessica C Winn, P. Fourie, A. V. D. van der Merwe","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2023.2185693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2023.2185693","url":null,"abstract":"Phyllosticta citricarpa is the causative agent of citrus black spot (CBS), a cosmetic fungal disease that has been reported in most of the citrus-growing regions of the world. The occurrence of CBS in orchards is predominantly controlled by the application of fungicides during the fruit susceptibility period. Benzimidazoles (benomyl and carbendazim) and toluamides (ethaboxam and zoxamide) are two systemic fungicide classes suitable for the control of CBS in South Africa. Both inhibit proper assembly of the fungal β-tubulin protein during mitosis, and resistance to these fungicides is primarily related to alterations in the binding sites on this target protein. In this study, P. citricarpa isolates with known resistance status were subjected to whole genome sequencing, the mutations conferring resistance to benomyl and zoxamide were examined and allele-specific primers targeting these mutations were developed. The allele-specific multiplex PCR assay for the detection of benomyl resistance in P. citricarpa will eliminate the need for laborious and time-consuming sensitivity assays or DNA sequencing.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46924886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predicting soil carbon in granitic soils using Fourier-transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy: the value of database disaggregation 傅里叶变换中红外光谱(FT-MIR)预测花岗岩土壤碳:数据库分解的价值

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South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2023.2180098

Kelebohile Rose Seboko, J. V. van Tol, E. Kotzé

{"title":"Predicting soil carbon in granitic soils using Fourier-transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy: the value of database disaggregation","authors":"Kelebohile Rose Seboko, J. V. van Tol, E. Kotzé","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2023.2180098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2023.2180098","url":null,"abstract":"Soil carbon (C) is an important component in quality assessments and efficient models are required to estimate C rapidly. Accurate C assessments are valuable in monitoring land-use changes. Fourier-transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy has proved to be a powerful tool for assessing C. The potential of FT-MIR spectroscopy to estimate C was evaluated using the following techniques: (1) three algorithms [partial least squares (PLS)], principal component regression (PCR), and classical least squares (CLS); and (2) disaggregating the dataset into subgroups based on soil depth and texture. The C contents of samples collected in the Johannesburg Granite Dome were determined by dry combustion for comparison. The soils ranged considerably in C (0.123–2.650%), clay (2.80–41.20%), and silt content (8.56–23.75%). Using standard normal variant (SNV), Savitzky-Golay smoothing and PLS, the best-performing model was the horizons subgroup which provided values of root mean square error for prediction (RMSEP) between 0.079 and 0.095%, root mean square error for calibration (RMSEC) = 0.041 − 0.092, r 2 pre = 0.6174–0.8459, r 2 cal = 0.6599–0.9778, residual prediction variation (RPD) = 2.404–2.753, and ratio of performance to interquartile range (RPIQ) = 2.667–3.454. The pronounced accuracy of FT-MIR spectroscopy coupled with PLS, pre-processing techniques, and textural subgroups confirms the potential of infrared spectroscopy as an efficient tool for estimating C content. Future studies should investigate the combined effects of FT-MIR spectroscopy and subgroups grouped according to soil types and land-uses when predicting C.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42145230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low magnesium content in potato tubers associated with mass loss during storage 马铃薯块茎中的低镁含量与贮藏过程中的质量损失有关

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South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2022.2144959

R. Gericke, Njj Combrink, M. van der Rijst

{"title":"Low magnesium content in potato tubers associated with mass loss during storage","authors":"R. Gericke, Njj Combrink, M. van der Rijst","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2022.2144959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2022.2144959","url":null,"abstract":"Potatoes are an important crop in the Sandveld and Kouebokkeveld regions of South Africa, and one of the challenges in effective potato production is maintaining quality post-harvest. In order to identify tuber characteristics that may be used to predict keeping quality of potatoes from the sandy soils of these regions, tuber, soil, and water samples were taken from different growers who planted the cultivar Sifra. Sampling started in January 2016 and ended in July 2017. Skinning potential, determined by thumb rubbing, chemical composition, and specific gravity (SG) were evaluated one day after hand harvesting. Undamaged tubers were kept at room temperature for 42 days whereafter mass loss and firmness were evaluated. Pearson correlations and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS-R) were done to investigate the association between tuber quality characteristics and tuber, soil and water cations. Tuber firmness after storage showed a high positive correlation with tuber magnesium (Mg) levels, and was associated with reduced skinning potentials and lower mass loss percentages. Tubers with Mg levels lower than 0.13% had high skinning potentials with mass loss percentages higher than 4.5% during storage. Irrigation with water rich in sodium (Na) tended to limit mass loss, possibly due to the associated high levels of Mg in those water sources.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48722659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is the use of commercial organic ameliorants for cropping justified? 商业有机改良作物的使用是否合理?

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South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2023.2192528

T. Baloyi, F. Kutu, C. du Preez

{"title":"Is the use of commercial organic ameliorants for cropping justified?","authors":"T. Baloyi, F. Kutu, C. du Preez","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2023.2192528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2023.2192528","url":null,"abstract":"Large areas of soils in sub-Saharan Africa are poor in organic matter and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilisation is essential for cropping. Most farmers are smallholders who cannot afford NPK fertilisers but they could consider alternatives like commercial organic ameliorants.This applies also for commercial farmers to improve profitability. The effects of nine ameliorants on the grain yield, biomass yield and harvest index of maize were evaluated over three years at Bothaville (8% clay), Ottosdal (12% clay) and Potchefstroom (34% clay). All ameliorants were applied as manufacturers prescribe. None of the ameliorants can serve as replacement of NPK fertilisers. Active ingredients other than the small amounts of N, P and K they contain, comprised of effective microorganisms (EMs), human manure, humic acids and poultry manure, and were not able to boost crop growth as manufacturers advocated. Biozone (EMs), Gliogrow (EMs), Growmax (Human manure), K-humate (Humic acid) and Crop Care (Humic acid) that were applied with NPK fertilisation resulted in 22 to 44% instances in significantly higher grain yield (938 to 1 288 kg ha−1) compared to the NPK control; however, many inconsistencies between experimental sites and years were observed. The use of commercial organic ameliorants cannot recommended to farmers without proper evaluation.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45663636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Response of wheat cultivars with varying acid tolerances to liming of eastern Free State soils 不同耐酸性小麦品种对东部自由邦土壤施石灰的反应

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South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2022.2137590

H. van Zyl, C. du Preez

{"title":"Response of wheat cultivars with varying acid tolerances to liming of eastern Free State soils","authors":"H. van Zyl, C. du Preez","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2022.2137590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2022.2137590","url":null,"abstract":"The sustainable production of wheat can be affected by soil acidity in the eastern Free State, South Africa. Liming of soil to appropriate acidity levels is therefore regarded as an essential farming practice. In some instances, however, planting of acid-tolerant wheat cultivars is recommended as an interim management measure. Hence, we evaluated the response (grain yield, grain protein content and hectoliter mass) of wheat cultivars with poor (Karee or Limpopo), moderate (SST 224 or Gariep) and good (Tugela DN) acid tolerance on soils (8–33% clay) over a range of lime-induced pH (KCl) values (3.7–5.7) under field conditions spanning 4 to 5 years. In Year 2 no data was collected due to staff shortages. Across the pH ranges, grain yields of the most acid-tolerant cultivars exceeded those of the moderately acid-tolerant cultivars by 29–54%, and those of the poorly acid-tolerant cultivars by 36–62%. Due to climatic conditions, larger differences in grain protein content were observed between years rather than between treatment combinations. Hectoliter mass, although influenced by treatment combinations, exceeded the threshold value of 76 kg hL−1. The results, especially of grain yield, proved the usefulness of acid-tolerant wheat cultivars during the initial stages of liming programs, until acceptable levels of soil acidity are reached.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48651001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Sludge as an initial nutrient driver for yield improvement in the poor soils of northern Namibia 污泥作为提高纳米比亚北部贫瘠土壤产量的初始营养驱动因素

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South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2022.2119291

E. Ebrahimi, J. Zinkernagel

引用次数: 0

Soil organic carbon stocks and properties are affected by plant cover types in an urban ecosystem in Colombia 哥伦比亚城市生态系统中植物覆盖类型对土壤有机碳储量和性质的影响

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South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2022.2131009

Víctor Mondragón, F. Hurtado, Daniel Francisco Jaramillo Jaramillo

{"title":"Soil organic carbon stocks and properties are affected by plant cover types in an urban ecosystem in Colombia","authors":"Víctor Mondragón, F. Hurtado, Daniel Francisco Jaramillo Jaramillo","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2022.2131009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2022.2131009","url":null,"abstract":"Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the main element in soil organic matter (SOM) and its storage or release into the atmosphere is sensitive to changes in land use. This study evaluated SOC storage and SOM quality in the Metropolitan Regional Natural Park, Cerro El Volador, MedelIín-Colombia, in areas where plant cover was restored with plants from different functional groups consisting of secondary vegetation (SV), forest plantations of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (EUC) and Pinus patula Schltdl. & Cham. (PIN), and pastures (PAS). Soil samples were taken at the O horizon and at two soil depths at the A horizon (0–10 and 10–20 cm). The quality of the SOM was evaluated through humification indices, spectrophotometric tests and carbon distribution in humic substances. The highest storage of SOC in the O horizon occurred in PIN, followed by EUC, SV and PAS. In descending order, the vegetation with the highest SOC values for the A horizon at both depths evaluated were EUC, PAS, PIN and SV. Humification indices showed that the SOM was mainly composed of fresh SOM with little humification. The humification process of SOM evolved towards humic acids of the P-group. These results show that the change of cover significantly affects the storage of SOC, the characteristics of SOM and the properties of the soil.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43628272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genotypic variability in nutrient uptake and use efficiency in chickpea grown under low phosphorus availability in a Mediterranean climate 地中海气候低磷条件下鹰嘴豆营养吸收和利用效率的基因型变异

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South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2022.2142972

Hanine Loucif, B. Bousalhih, Rebiha Chaoui, J. Drevon, M. Farissi, M. Lazali

{"title":"Genotypic variability in nutrient uptake and use efficiency in chickpea grown under low phosphorus availability in a Mediterranean climate","authors":"Hanine Loucif, B. Bousalhih, Rebiha Chaoui, J. Drevon, M. Farissi, M. Lazali","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2022.2142972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2022.2142972","url":null,"abstract":"Low phosphorus (P) availability is a major constraint for chickpea production. Consequently, P-efficient genotypes can improve productivity under conditions where the higher application of P is not economical. This study was conducted to characterise four chickpea genotypes for nutrient uptake and use efficiency under low-P conditions over two growing seasons. At flowering stage, plants were harvested and analysed for their nodulation, growth, P content and yield. Results indicate that low P availability significantly limited plant growth, nodulation and yield for all genotypes with the greatest effect on for Flip 84-92C and Flip 01-29C. The genotypes Flip 90-13C and ILC 32-79 showed the highest P uptake and use efficiency. The genotypes with high nutrient uptake had better efficiency in use of rhizobial symbiosis. It is concluded that nutrient uptake and use efficiency may be an important functional trait that may contribute to the selection of cultivars able to produce high quality seeds and efficiently fix nitrogen under conditions of low soil P.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49468975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0