South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture最新文献_第3页

The Effect of Cluster Position Determined by Vineyard Row Orientation on Grape Flavonoids and Aroma Profiles of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon and Italian Riesling in the North Foot of Tianshan Mountains 由葡萄园行方向确定聚类位置对天山北麓葡萄赤霞珠和意大利雷司令总黄酮和香气的影响

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture Pub Date : 2021-04-16 DOI: 10.21548/42-1-4308

Hao-Cheng Lu, Xiaomin Gao, Chang-Qing Duan, Shu-De Li, Wu Chen, Jun Wang

{"title":"The Effect of Cluster Position Determined by Vineyard Row Orientation on Grape Flavonoids and Aroma Profiles of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon and Italian Riesling in the North Foot of Tianshan Mountains","authors":"Hao-Cheng Lu, Xiaomin Gao, Chang-Qing Duan, Shu-De Li, Wu Chen, Jun Wang","doi":"10.21548/42-1-4308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21548/42-1-4308","url":null,"abstract":"Vineyard row orientation plays a critical role in determining cluster microclimate. This study aimed tofigure out how cluster positions determined by vineyard row orientation affect grape flavonoids and aromaprofiles of Cabernet Sauvignon and Italian Riesling grapes. Three cluster positions (two canopy sidesand the inner canopy) of NS and EW oriented row Cabernet Sauvignon and NS oriented row ItalianRiesling were selected for the experiment. Microclimate data was monitored around clusters from bothcanopy sides of different row orientations. The south canopy side had higher daytime temperaturesand PAR than the north canopy side in EW row orientation. Flavonoids of grape skins and seeds wereseparated and determined by LC-MS, and aroma compounds of grape must were determined by GC-MS.Results showed that flavanols were affected by orientations, and EW orientation had higher berries skinflavanol concentration than NS orientation. EW-IN berries had fewer glucuronide form flavonols and3’-hydroxylated flavonols than the other two positions in EW orientation. Inner canopy berries had lowerflavonol concentration than other positions in EW orientation of CS and NS orientation of IR. To aromas,C6/C9 were the main compounds significantly affected by row orientations. EW orientation berries hadhigher C6 alcohols concentration such as (E)-3-Hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-Hexen-1-ol and (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol thanNS orientation, while NS orientation berries had higher C6 aldehyde concentrations such as Hexanal and(E)-2-hexenal than EW orientation. EW-IN berries had more abundant C6/C9 compounds than the othertwo positions. The study provided preliminary scientific evidence for vineyard viticulture practice andharvest strategy.","PeriodicalId":21894,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture","volume":"42 1","pages":"44-44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47618741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Selection of Grass and Broadleaf Crops as Catch Crops where Winery Wastewater is Used for Irrigation: A Review 酒业废水用于灌溉的禾草阔叶作物的选择研究进展

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture Pub Date : 2021-04-16 DOI: 10.21548/42-1-4119

J. Fourie, C. Howell, N. Masekwana

{"title":"Selection of Grass and Broadleaf Crops as Catch Crops where Winery Wastewater is Used for Irrigation: A Review","authors":"J. Fourie, C. Howell, N. Masekwana","doi":"10.21548/42-1-4119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21548/42-1-4119","url":null,"abstract":"Winery wastewater contains high levels of elements such as sodium, phosphorus, potassium, as well aschemical oxygen demand, sodium adsorption ratio and pH. This may raise concerns regarding the pollutionof the surrounding environment. Environmentally friendly methods such as recycling, i.e. treatment andre-use, where treated or partially treated and diluted wastewater is used for irrigation of agricultural crops,are essential. Irrigation with winery wastewater, which is rich in nutrients, can be beneficial to overall soilfertility as an alternative to conventional fertilizers. However, long-term applications of wastewater mayhave a negative effect on soil physicochemical properties. A selection of crops with nutrient interceptionabilities, preferably for salts, may be ideal for the removal of excess elements from the soil whilst reducingleaching and excess run off. The use of perennial grasses, annual winter growing grains and winter growingbroadleaf nitrogen-fixing annuals as winter cover crops in the South African wine industry has beenextensively documented but their use as summer catch crops intercepting elements applied via wastewaterirrigation has not yet been well researched.","PeriodicalId":21894,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture","volume":"42 1","pages":"10-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47812102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

An Overview of Mites on Grapevine and the Discovery of a new Phytoseiidae Species; Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) spiceae 葡萄螨的研究进展及一新种的发现斑疹病(Typhlodromus)香料

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture Pub Date : 2021-04-16 DOI: 10.21548/42-1-4297

M. Vermaak, E. A. Ueckermann, R. Veldtman, P. Addison

{"title":"An Overview of Mites on Grapevine and the Discovery of a new Phytoseiidae Species; Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) spiceae","authors":"M. Vermaak, E. A. Ueckermann, R. Veldtman, P. Addison","doi":"10.21548/42-1-4297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21548/42-1-4297","url":null,"abstract":"The common grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is the main species used for wine making, with South Africa being one of the top wine exporting countries. Grapevine is vulnerable to a range of pests, includingmites. We present an overview of phytophagous and predatory mites on grapevine in South Africa anddescribe a new phytoseiid species which was discovered in the winelands region of Wellington, SouthAfrica. Grapevine shoots with leaves were collected over two growing seasons at four farms in Wellington.A nursery, mother block and a commercial vineyard were selected on each farm. The mites were removedwith a mite brushing machine and slide mounted. The Phytoseiidae Database, as well the most recentrelevant literature were used in confirming the new species. Illustrations of the new species were madeusing photographs taken by Zeiss Axioskop TM Research that included a Zen Soft Imaging System. Thenew Typhlodromus species, Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) spiceae sp.n., is set apart from closely relatedspecies by setae Z4 being 0.7 times the length of Z5 and by having a short, saccular and thick-walledspermathecal. This species was found together with one phytophagous mite species (Brevipalpus lewisi)and several predatory mite species (Typhlodromus praeacutus, Typhlodromus saevus, Eusieus addoensis). Akey to identify females of the South African species of Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) is provided.","PeriodicalId":21894,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture","volume":"42 1","pages":"91-91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42493227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Vineyard Vegetational Borders on Western Grape Leafhopper (Erythroneura elegantula Osborn), its Egg Parasitoids (Anagrus spp.) and Generalist Insect Predators 葡萄园植被边界对西部葡萄叶蝉、卵寄生蜂和一般昆虫捕食者的影响

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture Pub Date : 2021-04-16 DOI: 10.21548/42-1-4348

Michael J. Costello, A. Thrupp, G. Mcgourty

{"title":"Influence of Vineyard Vegetational Borders on Western Grape Leafhopper (Erythroneura elegantula Osborn), its Egg Parasitoids (Anagrus spp.) and Generalist Insect Predators","authors":"Michael J. Costello, A. Thrupp, G. Mcgourty","doi":"10.21548/42-1-4348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21548/42-1-4348","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have shown that vegetational diversity in or around cropping systems can enhance naturalenemy abundance, although the impact on herbivores is less certain. We studied the influence of vineyardvegetational borders on density of the western grape leafhopper, Erythroneura elegantula, its majorparasitoids, Anagrus spp., and two generalist predators, Orius spp. and Leptothrips mali. Two studyvineyards had planted, perennial flowering hedgerows, one bordered a natural riparian zone, and onehad a sparse border of native trees. From April to September 2007, we counted leafhopper nymphs andadults of Anagrus spp., Orius spp. and L. mali within 10 m of the border, and at additional 20 m intervalsup to 90 m. At two sites with a diverse border, leafhopper density was stable nearest the border; at otherdistances leafhopper density decreased between the first and second generations. This effect was notseen at the sparse border site. Anagrus spp. density was enhanced at one site with a diverse border, butonly late season. There was no border effect on the generalist insect predators, by site or early vs. lateseason. Regression analysis showed a positive relationship between leafhopper and Anagrus spp. density,suggesting that the parasitoids were responding to higher leafhopper density. We conclude that, dependingon the nature of the border vegetation, there can be an effect on leafhopper nymphal density, but in thisstudy there is no evidence that it was due to natural enemies.","PeriodicalId":21894,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture","volume":"42 1","pages":"25-25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42053002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metal Concentrations in Grape Spirits 葡萄酒中的金属浓度

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture Pub Date : 2021-04-16 DOI: 10.21548/42-1-4238

T. V. Wyk, F. Jaarsveld, O. J. Caleb

引用次数: 3

Phenolic Compounds in Cork-Closed Bottle-Fermented Sparkling Wines 软木闭瓶发酵起泡酒中的酚类化合物

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture Pub Date : 2021-04-16 DOI: 10.21548/42-1-4336

P. P. Minnaar, P. Gerber, M. Booyse, N. Jolly

{"title":"Phenolic Compounds in Cork-Closed Bottle-Fermented Sparkling Wines","authors":"P. P. Minnaar, P. Gerber, M. Booyse, N. Jolly","doi":"10.21548/42-1-4336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21548/42-1-4336","url":null,"abstract":"Bottle fermented sparkling wine in South Africa is known as Methode Cap Classique which is based onthe method used in France for Champagne. The use of cork, instead of a crown cap during the secondfermentation in sparkling wine was investigated for its effect on the phenolic profile of wines. Phenolicacids susceptible to migration from cork into wine were studied in two-disc corks from three differentcommercial suppliers, coded as Cork A, Cork R and Cork C and a crown cap closure. Gallic, caftaric,caffeic and p-coumaric acids were quantified in all samples using a liquid chromatographic technique.Physicochemical parameters were also measured in the wine using a spectrophotometric technique. Totalacidity and pH were not significantly different among the wines. Cork R wines were however significantlydifferent in alcohol. Residual sugar for all samples was below the limit of detection. Gallic acid wassignificantly highest in Cork A wines, which indicates the contribution of Cork A to the concentration ofthis compound in the wine. Different cork types are assumed to release different concentrations of phenoliccompounds. This may be due to differences in surface roughness of cork that would increase the surfacearea in contact with the wine. Therefore, corks from different origins (suppliers) could be used to bringabout subtle differences to the wine.","PeriodicalId":21894,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture","volume":"42 1","pages":"19-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48799000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Phytochemical Characterization and Antiplatelet Activity of Mexican Red Wines and Their By-products 墨西哥红酒及其副产物的植物化学特性及抗血小板活性

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture Pub Date : 2021-04-16 DOI: 10.21548/42-1-4450

Ó. A. MUÑOZ-BERNAL, L. Rosa, J. Rodrigo-García, N. Martínez-Ruiz, S. Sáyago-Ayerdi, L. Rodríguez, E. Fuentes, E. Álvarez-Parrilla

{"title":"Phytochemical Characterization and Antiplatelet Activity of Mexican Red Wines and Their By-products","authors":"Ó. A. MUÑOZ-BERNAL, L. Rosa, J. Rodrigo-García, N. Martínez-Ruiz, S. Sáyago-Ayerdi, L. Rodríguez, E. Fuentes, E. Álvarez-Parrilla","doi":"10.21548/42-1-4450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21548/42-1-4450","url":null,"abstract":"Red wines and their grape pomaces are important sources of phenolic compounds. Inhibition of plateletaggregation is one of the mechanisms proposed for cardioprotective effect of phenolic compounds fromwine and grape pomace; however, phenolic content is affected by region, variety and winemaking process.In the present study, antiplatelet effect of red wines and grape pomaces was related to its phenolic content(determined by spectrophotometric techniques) and profile (determined using HPLC-MS/MS). in vitroAnti-platelet aggregation was determined using human platelets. Results showed that Zinfandel wine andCabernet Sauvignon grape pomace presented the highest phenolic content. Phenolic profiles presenteddifferences in the presence of flavonoids and oligomeric tannins. Results from platelet aggregationshowed that Merlot and Petit Verdot wines and Petit Verdot grape pomace sample presented the highestantiaggregant effect. These results indicate that antiplatelet effect could be related to phenolic profile thanphenolic content in wines and grape pomaces. Cardioprotective effect of red wines and grape pomacecould be related to specific compounds such as monomeric and polymeric flavan-3-ols.","PeriodicalId":21894,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85265042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Screening Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts as Low Ethanol Producing Starter Cultures 筛选非酵母菌作为低乙醇发酵剂

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture Pub Date : 2021-04-16 DOI: 10.21548/42-1-4335

N. N. Mehlomakulu, J. Hoff, H. Erten, L. Beukes, N. Jolly

引用次数: 3

A Review of Tannin Determination Methods Using Spectrophotometric Detection in Red Wines and Their Ability to Predict Astringency 分光光度法测定红葡萄酒中单宁的方法及其预测涩味的能力综述

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture Pub Date : 2021-04-16 DOI: 10.21548/42-1-3852

C. Wilhelmy, C. Pavez, E. Bordeu, Natalia Brossard

{"title":"A Review of Tannin Determination Methods Using Spectrophotometric Detection in Red Wines and Their Ability to Predict Astringency","authors":"C. Wilhelmy, C. Pavez, E. Bordeu, Natalia Brossard","doi":"10.21548/42-1-3852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21548/42-1-3852","url":null,"abstract":"Astringency is an important sensory attribute that influences red wine quality. The astringent sensation inside the mouth is caused by a group of molecules called tannins. These molecules can be quantified and analysed by several numbers of methods, such as the Bate Smith method, Adams Harbertson assay, and methylcellulose precipitation method. All these methods are colourimetric, however they differ on the principle on which they are based and, as well as on the tannin pool they are able to measure. In the literature, it is possible to find a wide range of concentrations of tannins for the main red wines varieties, which have been evaluated by the methods herein reviewed. For instance, higher tannin concentrations are obtained using the Bate Smith method (2.08-3.48 g/L tannin) compared with the Adams Harbertson assay (0.58-0.14 g/L tannin), which exhibit the lowest results. However, studies that directly compare results obtained with these methods are scarce. The aim of this work is to compare tannin concentrations in red wines and along with how sensory astringency correlates with tannin concentration measured by these three methods.","PeriodicalId":21894,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86297954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Pinking in White Wines - A Review 白葡萄酒品鉴

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture Pub Date : 2020-11-04 DOI: 10.21548/41-2-3952

A. Nel, W. D. Toit, F. P. van Jaarsveld

{"title":"Pinking in White Wines - A Review","authors":"A. Nel, W. D. Toit, F. P. van Jaarsveld","doi":"10.21548/41-2-3952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21548/41-2-3952","url":null,"abstract":"In the late 1960s, a phenomenon was discovered in white wines. It was noted that certain white wines turned pink in the bottle. This phenomenon was dubbed as pinking. Research was done on the pinking to establish its cause and effect. Analysis of SO2, pH and polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (PVPP) showed that a minimum of 45 mg/L of SO2 were needed for the wine not to be susceptible to pinking. Tests on the decrease in pH showed that there was no increase in pink colour with a decrease in pH, which meant that monomeric anthocyanins were not the cause of pinking. Recent research claims that malvidin-3-Oglucoside is the most abundant monomeric anthocyanin found in pinked wines and could be the cause of pinking. This led to the theory that phenols contribute to pinking susceptibility, and this was accepted as fact in recent years. The establishment of a pinking assay in 1977 made the testing for pinking easier and cheaper for winemakers. The sales of PVPP increased as winemakers worked preventatively with their wine to decrease susceptibility to pinking. This review attempts to describe the history of pinking, the establishment of the assay, as well as to describe factors that could lead to pinking susceptibility in white wines.","PeriodicalId":21894,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture","volume":"41 1","pages":"151-157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49651247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6