{"title":"Preconceptions of Artificial Intelligence and their change through co-constructed explorations","authors":"M. Lenke","doi":"10.1145/3488042.3490511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3488042.3490511","url":null,"abstract":"Most explainable AI (XAI) approaches focus on mathematically correct and complete explanations. In contrast to that, everyday explanations are social practices that are influenced by many factors, e.g. the social and institutional context of the explanation. Everyday explanations are therefore co-constructed by both the explainer and the explainee. Assuming that everyday co-constructed explanations are easy to understand for citizens, they can help to make AI understandable for people who do not have affinity for technology. In this context, concrete and simplified examples that are adapted to the needs of the learner can reduce the complexity of the explanation furthermore. This Ph.D. project investigates the effects of co-constructed explanations created while exploring notional machines on the mental models of AI of everyday people. The goal is to identify aspects of AI technology which are relevant for everyone, to empower people to become a responsible and active members of society in a digitalized world where AI technology is ubiqitious.","PeriodicalId":218947,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 21st Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research","volume":"80 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114105942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the Prevalence of SQL Misconceptions: a Study Design","authors":"Daphne Miedema, Efthimia Aivaloglou, G. Fletcher","doi":"10.1145/3488042.3489961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3488042.3489961","url":null,"abstract":"The Structured Query Language (SQL) is an established language for data manipulation in relational databases. It is widely used in industry, and therefore part of the typical Computer Science curriculum. From the large amounts of mistakes higher education students make while learning and using SQL, we know that this language is not easy to learn. Various researchers have examined the types of mistakes SQL novices make, and recently, the first step towards understanding the underlying reasons for these mistakes has been made. In this poster abstract, we propose a study to examine the prevalence of these origins, also called misconceptions. We hope the Computer Science Education community will help us reflect on and strengthen our methodology, and ultimately, our findings.","PeriodicalId":218947,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 21st Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132035884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developing and evaluating the concept data awareness for K12 computing education","authors":"Lukas Höper","doi":"10.1145/3488042.3490509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3488042.3490509","url":null,"abstract":"Students often have a lack of understanding and awareness of where, how, and why personal data about them is collected and processed. Especially, when interacting with data-driven digital artifacts, an appropriate perception of the data collection and processing is necessary for self-determination. This dissertation deals with the development and evaluation of a concept called data awareness which aims to foster students’ self-determination interacting with data-driven digital artifacts.","PeriodicalId":218947,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 21st Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research","volume":"264 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132555618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Opportunities to Fail: Using Peer-review to support Assessment Literacy in Cyber Security","authors":"Joseph Maguire, Rosanne English","doi":"10.1145/3488042.3489967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3488042.3489967","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of cyber security to the global economy has only grown in recent years. Effective cyber security technical policy is an important defence against numerous threats. Consequently, it is important that computing science and software engineering graduates are able to produce effective cyber security policy. However, written assessments, such as cyber security policy, for some students may be challenging due to lack of familiarity with such assessments. The lack of familiarity or poor assessment literacy not only has the potential to produce poor results, but can led to disappointment and frustration. In this poster, the practice of integrating peer-review as part of a cyber security policy assessment task to support assessment literacy is presented. The aim is to elicit feedback from conference participants not only on the practice itself, but on addressing the challenge of assessment literacy in the context of cyber security policy.","PeriodicalId":218947,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 21st Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117022823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Gjelsten, Gunnar R. Bergersen, Dag I.K. Sjøberg, Q. Cutts
{"title":"No Gender Difference in CS1 Grade for Students with Programming from High School: An Exploratory Study","authors":"B. Gjelsten, Gunnar R. Bergersen, Dag I.K. Sjøberg, Q. Cutts","doi":"10.1145/3488042.3488071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3488042.3488071","url":null,"abstract":"Programming is an increasingly important skill in the 21st century. Therefore, many education systems internationally offer non-compulsory programming (NCP) courses during high school years. Aim. Our goal is to study the effect of NCP on first-semester student performance in CS1. Because interest in computing is more often associated with men than women, we also want to study gender differences. Method. A total of 232 students from a Norwegian university were involved in the study. High school grades from the public student registry were analysed together with questionnaire data and the CS1 grade. Results. The students with NCP performed significantly better in CS1 than those without (average grade 4.4 vs. 3.6, where A, B, … , F is coded as 5, 4, … , 0). For women the difference in performance with and without NCP was 4.4 vs. 3.2, for men it was 4.4 vs. 3.8. Conclusion. This study shows that for students with NCP, the notorious gender difference in CS1 performance was absent. The other results merit further considerations regarding mathematics and science backgrounds, grades, prior experience, and self-efficacy.","PeriodicalId":218947,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 21st Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120960035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flipped Classroom Teaching in a Mathematics for Technology Course: Recommendations for Success","authors":"J. Allison","doi":"10.1145/3488042.3488046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3488042.3488046","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematics is an important topic for computing and engineering students, but students often find the subject challenging, which emphasises the importance of using effective pedagogical strategies. The constructivist approach of the flipped classroom, where students learn new content out of class, and practice problems and engage in discussion in class, is raising in popularity. However, it is seldom reported how such an approach is used for teaching mathematics in the context of computing courses. This paper reports the experience and findings of implementing a flipped classroom approach for a foundation university module titled ‘Mathematics for Technology’. A flipped classroom approach is shown to be successful in this context, but there are key considerations for its implementation. This includes factors such as constructive alignment, the desired learning and assessment outcomes, and the disposition of the student cohort. Recommendations are provided for practitioners who may be interested in implementing the flipped classroom approach in a similar context.","PeriodicalId":218947,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 21st Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133085108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ann-Marie Ly, Jack Parkinson, Q. Cutts, Michael Liut, Andrew Petersen
{"title":"Spatial Skills and Demographic Factors in CS1","authors":"Ann-Marie Ly, Jack Parkinson, Q. Cutts, Michael Liut, Andrew Petersen","doi":"10.1145/3488042.3488049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3488042.3488049","url":null,"abstract":"Motivation Prior studies have established that training spatial skills may improve outcomes in computing courses. Very few of these studies have, however, explored the impact of spatial skills training on women or examined its relationship with other factors commonly explored in the context of academic performance, such as socioeconomic background and self-efficacy. Objectives In this study, we report on a spatial skills intervention deployed in a computer programming course (CS1) in the first year of a post-secondary program. We explore the relationship between various demographic factors, course performance, and spatial skills ability at both the beginning and end of the term. Methods Data was collected using a combination of demographic surveys, existing self-efficacy and CS1 content instruments, and the Revised PVST:R spatial skills assessment. Spatial skills were evaluated both at the beginning of the term and at the end, after spatial skills training was provided. Results While little evidence was found to link spatial skills to socioeconomic status or self-efficacy, both gender identity and previous experience in computing were found to be correlated to spatial skills ability at the start of the course. Women initially recorded lower spatial skills ability, but after training, the distribution of spatial skills scores for women approached that of men. Discussion These findings suggest that, if offered early enough, spatial skills training may be able to remedy some differences in background that impact performance in computing courses.","PeriodicalId":218947,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 21st Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116551645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksi Lukkarinen, T. Lehtinen, Lassi Haaranen, L. Malmi
{"title":"An Event Listener or an Event Handler?: Students Explain Event-drivenness in JavaScript","authors":"Aleksi Lukkarinen, T. Lehtinen, Lassi Haaranen, L. Malmi","doi":"10.1145/3488042.3488051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3488042.3488051","url":null,"abstract":"When students in programming courses are taught event-driven programming (EDP) for the first time, they face new terminology and concepts that they should internalize. Moreover, they learn a fully new approach for reasoning about program logic and execution order. However, there is a lack of research in students’ understanding of these concepts. In this paper, we describe a study, in which we asked web development students to explain their conception of EDP: what are the main concepts involved and how they in-teract. Moreover, we asked them to explain the execution of a short piece of JavaScript code that focuses on basic usage of events and event listeners. The answers, which we requested as concept maps and text, were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Our results clearly demonstrate shortcomings in the students’ learning and illustrate various misunderstandings that they may have regarding EDP. Based on the findings, we give suggestions for improving the teaching of EDP.","PeriodicalId":218947,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 21st Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research","volume":"294 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124419564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Importance of Context: Assessing the Challenges of K-12 Computing Education Through the Lens of Biggs 3P Model","authors":"J. Allison","doi":"10.1145/3488042.3488043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3488042.3488043","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution and innovation of technology within society has caused many changes and challenges for computing education. However, the root cause of these challenges are often misunderstood, or neglected. Therefore, this paper deals with the question of identifying the contextual factors that create the challenges which exist in K-12 computing education. To do this, the perspectives of 32 English college employees were considered, with the challenges and contextual factors identified being mapped to Biggs 3P Model of classroom learning. Through this process, in addition to a short comparison between English and Finnish education systems and policy, the 3P Model was re-framed to include the fourth P of Policy consisting of ‘government priorities’, and ‘regulatory bodies’. Findings indicate the extent to which contextual factors influence the challenges and effectiveness of computing education, and how many of these factors are interlinked, despite ranging from macro-environment trends and policy to an individual student’s knowledge of programming. Together, these findings raise important philosophical questions of what computing education is, and what the goals of computing education should be. The answers to these questions have significant implications for practice, which practitioners and policy makers must consider for the design of any computing program of study, while the amended 3P Model can be used to identify the contextual factors which may influence the effectiveness of such programs. Furthermore, this paper contributes to the limited body of research concerning English college education, and more specifically perspectives regarding computing education in this context.","PeriodicalId":218947,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 21st Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121623058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zak Risha, Jordan Barria-Pineda, Kamil Akhuseyinoglu, Peter Brusilovsky
{"title":"Stepwise Help and Scaffolding for Java Code Tracing Problems With an Interactive Trace Table","authors":"Zak Risha, Jordan Barria-Pineda, Kamil Akhuseyinoglu, Peter Brusilovsky","doi":"10.1145/3488042.3490508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3488042.3490508","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we describe the integration of a step-by-step interactive trace table into an existing practice system for introductory Java programming. These autogenerated trace problems provide help and scaffolding for students who have trouble in solving traditional one-step code tracing problems, accommodating a wider variety of learners. Findings from classroom deployments suggest the scaffolding provided by the trace table is a plausible form of help, most notably increases in performance and persistence and lower task difficulty. Based on usage data, we propose future implications for an adaptive version of the interactive trace table based on learner modeling.","PeriodicalId":218947,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 21st Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131013715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}