{"title":"Property and the State or ‘The Folly of Torrens’: A Comparative Perspective","authors":"D. Fitzpatrick, C. Compton, J. Foukona","doi":"10.53637/oidz4209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53637/oidz4209","url":null,"abstract":"Australian lawyers often extol the virtues of the Torrens system as a means to secure property in land. Yet, the comparative evidence of benefits is mixed and context-dependent, particularly in terms of the nature, provenance and capacity of the state. This article analyses ways in which positivist land laws, including Torrens systems of title by registration, create legal understandings of property that are tied closely to projections or assumptions of state territorial authority. The intertwining of property and sovereignty constructs allodial conceptions of property based on possession or custom as subordinate, if not illegal, simply because they exist in social orders that lie beyond the administrative systems of the state. As a result, there is a chronic fragmentation of legal and social understandings of property in areas of the world with Torrens law and large numbers of informal settlements. The case studies include the Philippines and the Solomon Islands.","PeriodicalId":218878,"journal":{"name":"Law & Society: International & Comparative Law eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134499162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"La devolución del IVA como posible instrumento de defraudación a la Nación (The Refund of Vat As a Possible Instrument of Fraud to the Nation)","authors":"Lina María Rodríguez Barón","doi":"10.18601/16926722.n15.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18601/16926722.n15.08","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Spanish Abstract:</b> La defraudación a la Dirección de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales – DIAN, a través de varias tipologías que utilizan herramientas de protección y promoción de algunos sectores económicos, como las exportaciones y la manufacturación de textiles, son relevantes para el Derecho penal por generar detrimento patrimonial de las arcas de la Nación y, por ende, no lograr en menor tiempo y medida la consecución de los fines constitucionales y el bienestar general de la sociedad colombiana. <br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The fraud to the Dirección de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales – DIAN, through various typologies that use tools of protection and promotion of some economic sectors, such as exports and the manufacture of textiles, are relevant to criminal law because they generate patrimonial detriment of the coffers of the Nation, and therefore, not achieve in less time and measure the achievement of the constitutional purposes and the general welfare of Colombian society.","PeriodicalId":218878,"journal":{"name":"Law & Society: International & Comparative Law eJournal","volume":"342 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132035555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Past as Prologue? Historical Patterns and Discontinuities in Modern Trade Wars","authors":"J. Kurtz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3469496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3469496","url":null,"abstract":"International trade law is under siege. We face imminent stasis in WTO dispute settlement. Substantively too, the rapid outbreak of unilateral deployment of tariffs by the U.S (and then retaliation by China) is putatively WTO-illegal. These developments have shocked the community of practitioners and scholars of the WTO. Against this backdrop, it is tempting to position the current trade wars as a unique threat to both globalization and its institutional manifestations, like the WTO. To my mind, that claim deserves, at the very least, serious assessment. This is not the first time in its modern history that the system of international trade law has been subject to escalating resort to unilateral protectionism by its dominant power. There are important lessons from past trade conflicts that can guide our prescriptions on productive (and even likely) future outcomes, while bearing in mind differences in degree and orientation. A logical comparator here is the dramatic rise of Japan as an economic competitor to the U.S through the 1970s and 1980s (in a period that both preceded and tracked the Uruguay Round negotiations) and the shift in unilateral and multilateral strategies employed by the U.S to manage trade conflict with Japan. This comparator is routinely dismissed by most commentators, largely because of the role of the U.S as a guarantor of Japanese security. While that security umbrella is an important difference when considering the fractious relationship between the U.S and China, there are thick undercurrents in commonality (both substantively and sociologically) that transcend points of variance.","PeriodicalId":218878,"journal":{"name":"Law & Society: International & Comparative Law eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132596796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"To Select Appropriate Mode of Partnership in International Trade","authors":"M. Abdin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3465989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3465989","url":null,"abstract":"The weave of global free market concept is near to death now. Hope for the free market trade was initiated by the World Trade Center (WTO) under its inspiring agreements as a part of multilateral trade negotiations. Several rounds of WTO showed light for free movement of goods, services even manpower from least developing countries to the developed markets. WTO was successful to negotiate a long list of agreements like Agreement on Agriculture, Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, Agreement on Trade Related Investment Measures, Agreement on Anti-Dumping, Agreement on Customs Valuation, Agreement on Pre-shipment Inspection, Agreement on Rules of Origin, Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures, Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, Agreement on Safeguards, General Agreement on Trade in Services, Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Agreement on Government Procurement, and Trade Facilitation Agreement etc. within last three decades. But major challenge bring forward while the agreements started to be enforce in practice. First attract was led by USA who refuses to implement DFQFMA to the LDCs and introduced a condition of 97% products, they had selected these 97% so list of products so comprehensively for the countries that all major export items of the LDC countries like Bangladesh went out of 97%. Various counter proposals were placed and standard, compliance and conditions etc. forms of restrictions made the negotiation complex and time consuming.","PeriodicalId":218878,"journal":{"name":"Law & Society: International & Comparative Law eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124498504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neglected and Non-Neglected Diseases: Contradictions in the Patent Legal System","authors":"Marcos Vinício Chein Feres","doi":"10.20499/2236-3645.rjp2019v21e124-1786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20499/2236-3645.rjp2019v21e124-1786","url":null,"abstract":"The case of research, development, and production of drugs for neglected diseases was analyzed based on the methodological approach of analytic induction and the rules of inference. The proposed question of this study is whether legal acts, such as the TRIPs (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) Agreement and the Brazilian Industrial Property Rights Act fulfill their purpose of promoting innovation as well as social aims, taking into consideration the failure to develop and deliver health products for neglected diseases. The hypothesis to be tested is that the patent legal system, as designed by the TRIPs Agreement, is inefficient in achieving its own “morality of aspiration”, which can be expressed as the tension between scientific innovation and social welfare. As a result, once the data were analyzed, it was possible to infer, descriptively, that the patent system is ineffective to achieve its aspiration regarding the social welfare.","PeriodicalId":218878,"journal":{"name":"Law & Society: International & Comparative Law eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122500493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"International Trade: Smarten Up to Talk the Talk","authors":"Levi Haas, K. Schenk-Hoppé","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3459234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3459234","url":null,"abstract":"International trade is currently under fire from many sides. Protectionist trade policies are on the rise, putting an end to the decade-long march of free trade. Making sense of the daily headlines and having an informed opinion on your own has rarely been more important than it is now. \u0000 \u0000Our work aims to explain the driving forces behind international trade, its history, how it shaped the world, its economic models, issues ranging from job losses to the environment and why eating kangaroos is better than buying local. \u0000 \u0000We summarize the most important academic literature on these topics in a non-technical, educational manner. If the readers conclude that our report has been useful in forming their own views on the pros and cons of international trade and that they can `talk the talk', we are gratified with the fruit of our work.","PeriodicalId":218878,"journal":{"name":"Law & Society: International & Comparative Law eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129737025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Monitoring Report on Assessment of Human Rights Situations in Cotton Fields of the Republic of Azerbaijan","authors":"Vahid Maharramov, G. Ibadoghlu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3458625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3458625","url":null,"abstract":"The Monitoring Report on assessment of human rights situations in cotton fields of the Republic of Azerbaijan produced by local experts reviews the current state of growth mechanisms of cotton production in Azerbaijan, including the latest state policy applied in the cotton sphere. It is worth highlighting that the level of compliance with human rights requirements as been evaluated based on the facts and data collected across seven regions (Salyan, Hajigabul, Sabirabad, Saatli, Imishli, Beylagan and Fuzuli) of the Republic of Azerbaijan specialized in cotton production. These facts and statistics were developed thanks to the followings: 1) Collection of genuine and accurate data during cotton harvesting period; 2) Video footages, photo facts; 3) Results of surveys conducted among farmers as well as employees of budgetary institutions who have been forced to cotton harvesting, and voluntary cotton harvesters; 4) Monitoring and observations carried out across seven regions.","PeriodicalId":218878,"journal":{"name":"Law & Society: International & Comparative Law eJournal","volume":"13 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127034209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A WTO Reform Agenda: Data Flows and International Regulatory Cooperation","authors":"Joshua P. Meltzer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3455551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3455551","url":null,"abstract":"The World Trade Organization (WTO) is in need of reform, including new rules. While there is not yet a comprehensive reform agenda for the WTO, developing e-commerce rules should be seen as part of WTO reform in two respects. First, the development of such rules will allow the WTO to demonstrate a capacity to remain relevant to the challenges and opportunities governing international trade today. Second, many of the issues that need to be addressed in a comprehensive outcome on e-commerce would contribute to broader WTO reform. This paper proposes, among other things, that the WTO become a platform that can enable increased regulatory cooperation and encourage good regulatory practice. Such a result is needed to overcome many of the current barriers to e-commerce. Success in the e-commerce context would also position the WTO to better address regulatory barriers to trade more broadly","PeriodicalId":218878,"journal":{"name":"Law & Society: International & Comparative Law eJournal","volume":"271 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121208845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Common Law and Equity: Are England and Australia a World Apart?","authors":"Tony Meacham","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3574589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3574589","url":null,"abstract":"When decisions are made in the High Court of Australia in the areas of common law and equity, lawyers in England often cast their eyes over the decisions in Australia to consider in which direction those in the former colonies are taking the laws bequeathed to them, or received by them, depending on one's perspective. There was little divergence until relatively lately as the Australian High Court felt obligated to be bound by the decisions of the House of Lords until 1963 and the Privy Council until 1978. \u0000 \u0000Yet, there remains in England an expectation that Australia should continue to follow the example of the mother country, perhaps to keep the common law as much as possible, common. It is argued that it is unrealistic to keep looking at what Australia does as somehow not following the example of England as lead in areas of law that it developed over nearly a millennium. Will it hurt the common law and equity to have strong separate traditions reflecting matters that are uniquely Australian? Can Australia be left to have the ability to be diametrically opposite if it wishes to be, inasmuch as it is antipodean geographically, without some feeling it has let the 'team' down?","PeriodicalId":218878,"journal":{"name":"Law & Society: International & Comparative Law eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130305623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Are Special Economic Zones in Emerging Countries a Catalyst for the Growth of Surrounding Areas?","authors":"Susanne Frick, A. Rodríguez‐Pose","doi":"10.18356/0554caef-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/0554caef-en","url":null,"abstract":"What is the impact of special economic zones (SEZs) in emerging countries on the economy of surrounding areas? Despite the popularity of SEZs as a policy tool in virtually all developing countries around the world, there is little evidence to date which systematically analyses this question. This paper sheds light on this topic by examining the economic growth spillovers generated by 346 SEZs in 22 emerging countries. The analysis uses night light data as a proxy for SEZ performance as well as the economic performance of the surrounding area in order to overcome the lack of reliable economic indicators when measuring SEZ performance. It also relies on a novel data set on SEZ characteristics in order to understand how far they impinge on the economic fortunes of the surrounding areas. The results indicate that SEZs have a positive impact on the economic performance of the areas surrounding the zones. However, the growth spillovers are limited in area and display a strong distance decay effect: the magnitude of the impact decreases continuously up to 50 km. Furthermore, zones located in more remote areas seem to have less of an impact on neighbouring areas. Moreover, factors assumed to have a facilitating effect, such as the manufacturing base in the country and political stability, do not seem to matter on a structural basis.","PeriodicalId":218878,"journal":{"name":"Law & Society: International & Comparative Law eJournal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131878726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}