Siberian journal of oncology最新文献

{"title":"Cancer care to the population of Russia in 2022","authors":"A. O. Shakhzadova, V. Starinsky, I. V. Lisichnikova","doi":"10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-5-5-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-5-5-13","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to analyze cancer statistics in Russia as a whole, as well as in individual regions of the Russian Federation.Material and Methods. Based on data from the state medical statistics according to the form No. 7 “information on malignant neoplasms for 2022” the crude and standardized rates, standard error of crude and standardized rates, confidence intervals (ci) for 2022, and the qualitative parameters of cancer care were calculated.Results. in 2022, 624,835 new cancer cases were detected in the Russian Federation (283,179 in men and 341,656 in women), in increase of 7.6 % compared to 2021 (in 2021: 580415), and decrease of 2.4 % compared to 2019 (in 2019: 640391). in 2022, the crude incidence rate was 425.89 ± 0.54 per 100,000 population of Russia (ci: 424.83–426.95 per 100,000 population), which was 7.0 % higher than that in 2021 (in 2021 – 397.91 ± 0.54 per 100,000 population) but 2.4 % lower than in 2019 (in 2019 – 436.34 ± 0.52 per 100,000 population). the standardized incidence rate was 236.47 ± 0.32 per 100,000 population (ci: 235.84–237.10 per 100,000 population), which was 5.2 % higher compared to that observed in 2021 (in 2021 – 224.87 ± 0.32 per 100,000 population) but 5.2 % lower than in 2019 (in 2019 – 249.54 ± 0.33 per 100,000 population). the prevalence rate of cancer in 2022 was 2,742.4 per 100,000 population of Russia, an increase in the prevalence rate over 10 years was 33.9 %.Conclusion. Сancer care in the Russian Federation in 2022 was provided at the proper level. there is a positive trend in the early detection of cancer, which partly influences the reduction in the one-year mortality rate.","PeriodicalId":21881,"journal":{"name":"Siberian journal of oncology","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139277604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of years of life lost due to premature cancer mortality in the Russian Federation","authors":"Zh. V. Khailova, A. Kaprin, V. V. Omelyanovsky, D. N. Pustovalov, Y. Agafonova, V. O. Kusakina, S. A. Ivanov, P. Shegai","doi":"10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-5-14-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-5-14-27","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Burden of disease estimation allows analyses to be carried out integrally, including cause and effect assessment. the rate of life years lost due to premature mortality is part of the burden of disease analysis. given that the burden of cancer is steadily increasing, analysis of the number of years lost makes it possible to identify new strategic directions, as well as to adjust decisions already made, in the health care of cancer patients.Purpose: to estimate the loss of life expectancy as a result of premature mortality from cancer in the population of the Russian Federation.Material and Methods. the analysis was carried out using international statistical databases for disease burden estimation, databases of the Federal state statistics service (Rosstat). to determine the target groups of priority reduction of mortality from neoplasms in the Russian Federation, an estimation of the lost years of life expectancy as a result of premature mortality in the form of the e† (e-dagger) indicator was carried out. the analyzed period of the study was 2010–2019.Results. the Russian Federation is characterized by the smallest share of losses from cancer in the structure of losses from all causes of death compared to the analyzed countries (Japan, France, germany, latvia, lithuania, estonia). However, the share of losses has been intensively increasing for 10 years (in 2010 – 14.79 %, in 2019 – 17.54 %). in comparison with the analyzed countries, Russia is more characterised by losses from cancer at a younger age, with the highest value of life years lost in the age group 60–64 years. the age-standardized number of years lost in men in Russia is 67.1 % higher than in women. in the age group from 25 to 49 years of age, the loss of life expectancy due to cancer in women is higher and accounts for 0.4 years (or 19 %) of all losses, which is not typical of other age groups in which losses in men prevail. A significant regional differentiation of mortality in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation has been revealed, which is also reflected in the number of years lost.Conclusion. the potential of preventive strategies in the Russian Federation has not been fully realized – the loss of life years in young and middle age requires the correction of measures to improve preventive services and oncological care. the revealed regional differentiation allows us to identify regions with high losses for priority solutions.","PeriodicalId":21881,"journal":{"name":"Siberian journal of oncology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139276602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interferon-γ and tumor growth","authors":"A. L. Ilyushin, I. V. Bogdashin, A. Z. Aleksanyan, V. V. Novikov, L. A. Ashrafyan","doi":"10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-4-118-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-4-118-127","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study : to analyze published data on the mechanisms of action of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in tumor growth and to evaluate the possibility of its use in the treatment of solid tumors. Material and Methods . More than 200 publications were found in the Scopus, Pubmed, eLibrary and other databases, the search keywords were: interferon gamma, tumor growth, cancer therapy. This review includes 54 papers. Results . IFN-γ is a pleiotropic cytokine with antiviral, antitumor, and immunomodulatory functions and plays an important role in coordinating the innate and adaptive immune response. The success of immuno-oncology drugs and chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumors depends on the stimulation of the production and adequate signaling of IFN-γ. Suppression and loss of IFN-γ receptor and downstream signaling mediators, and amplifcation of molecules that inhibit the IFN-γ signaling pathway are common mechanisms for tumor cells to escape from the immune system. The development of malignant processes is accompanied by a change, more often a decrease, in the secretion of IFN-γ, which attracts the attention of researchers to its exogenous administration. Determination of the IFN-γ signature may be a predictive marker of clinical response to anticancer drug therapy. The antitumor properties of IFN-γ are largely dose-dependent, which has been clearly shown in clinical and experimental studies. Low doses of the drug often promote tumor growth. On the contrary, the use of high doses is usually accompanied by an antitumor effect. IFN-γ or its inducers remain promising agents for cancer therapy. Combinatorial strategies involving IFN-γ may be a rational option to overcome tumor resistance to blockade of immune checkpoints. Conclusion . It is necessary to continue fundamental and applied research to study the feasibility of using interferon gamma as a therapeutic agent in tumor growth.","PeriodicalId":21881,"journal":{"name":"Siberian journal of oncology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136361731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A clinical case of extragastrointestinal tumor in combination with testicular feminization syndrome (Morris syndrome)","authors":"Z. A. Sidakova, A. A. Baranova, A. N. Gritsai, G. D. Efremov, L. N. Lyubchenko","doi":"10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-4-142-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-4-142-148","url":null,"abstract":"Background . According to literature data, errors in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors (GIST) are uncommon, accounting for approximately 6% of cases that results in treatment failure. Case report . Here, we describe a rare case of a 58-year-old female patient with extragastrointestinal stromal tumor (EGIST) in the evidence of testicular feminisation syndrome (TFS) – Morris syndrome. This hereditary pathology is associated with complete insensitivity of target organs to androgens and was described in 1953 by the American gynaecologist John Morris. The patient was referred to the cancer clinic, where she was wrongly diagnosed with uterine leiomyoma. Interdisciplinary approach, cancer alarm, active surgical tactics, additional immunohistochemical (IHC) and molecular genetic studies (MGI) allowed verifcation of the true diagnosis. There are reported cases of EGIST of the bladder, prostate, retroperitoneum, mesentery, omentum, and posterior mediastinum. However, we were not able to fnd publications regarding the cases of EGIST originating from the vaginal wall. Combination of TFS and EGIST is a unique case in our clinical practice. Conclusion . The study of rare cases expands the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of malignancies. Patients with rare types of malignant tumors should be obligatorily examined and treated in specialized cancer clinics with involvement of certifed oncologists, surgeons, chemotherapists, geneticists.","PeriodicalId":21881,"journal":{"name":"Siberian journal of oncology","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136361733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid metastasis from nasopharyngeal cancer: a case report","authors":"D. M. Fatkullin, A. O. Guz, A. V. Garev, A. S. Zakharov, M. I. Sokolova, I. G. Shesler, K. S. Aristarkhova","doi":"10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-4-149-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-4-149-153","url":null,"abstract":"Background . Nasopharyngeal cancer is a rare head and neck cancer with a relatively high risk of locoregional recurrence and distant metastases. The most common sites of metastases are bones (70–80 %) followed by liver (30 %), lung (18 %), and lymph node (axillary, mediastinal, pelvic, and inguinal). Thyroid gland is an uncommon site of metastasis with an incidence ranging from 0.5% to 24 %. Thyroid metastasis from nasopharyngeal cancer has been reported in only 9 cases in the world literature and no one in Russia. Case report . We report a case of thyroid metastasis from nasopharyngeal cancer found incidentally in a 53-year-old female patient. Conclusion . Metastases to the thyroid gland are rare, and patients with metastatic thyroid disease rarely present with organ-specifc symptoms, thus raising diagnostic diffculties for both clinicians and the pathologists. This clinical report demonstrates the diffculties of differential diagnosis,as well as the importance of a thorough collection of complaints, anamnesis, and clinical examination.","PeriodicalId":21881,"journal":{"name":"Siberian journal of oncology","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136361737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of metastatic renal cancer","authors":"A. A. Izmailov, R. R. Rakhimov, A. V. Sultanbayev, K. V. Menshikov, I. R. Gilyazova, V. M. Zabelin, A. A. Izmailov","doi":"10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-4-109-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-4-109-117","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 5 years, checkpoint inhibitors including anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 blockers have changed approaches to therapy of metastatic renal cell cancer. However, more than 55 % of patients with advanced kidney cancer remain resistant to immunotherapy. This paper refects the causes that lead to primary and acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors during the treatment of metastatic renal cell cancer. The purpose of the study was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying resistance to checkpoint inhibitors during the treatment of metastatic kidney cancer. Material and Methods . A literature search was conducted using Pubmed database in the time interval between 2010 and 2023. We identifed 286 publications of which 59 were relevant for our review. Results . There are many factors that contribute to primary or acquired resistance to immunotherapy, including factors associated with the tumor cell as well as tumor microenvironment factors. Conclusion . Many innovative approaches to overcoming resistance to monoclonal antibodies are being investigated in clinical trials. In connection with the advent of new methods, the cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment and its role in the emergence of tumor resistance to immunotherapy are becoming increasingly clear. New biomarkers are emerging to help identify the best candidates for immunotherapy in metastatic kidney cancer. However, they require further study.","PeriodicalId":21881,"journal":{"name":"Siberian journal of oncology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136361736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of aminothiol metabolism and progression of breast cancer","authors":"A. V. Markovsky","doi":"10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-4-128-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-4-128-134","url":null,"abstract":"Background . Imbalance of aminothiol metabolism is a potential risk factor for malignant transformation of cells and caner development, including breast cancer, which is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. The purpose of the study was to summarize the available data on the characteristics of thiol metabolism as one of the factors contributing to the progression of breast cancer. Material and Methods . Data were searched from 1999 to 2022 using the Web of Science, Scopus, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, PubMed databases, which made it possible to assess the role of thiol-dependent metabolic disturbances in the regulation of tissue redox balance in breast cancer genesis. Results . The review considers the results of both our own data and international studies on breast cancer, which suggest that an imbalance of thiol compounds necessary to maintain a moderately reducing cellular environment that counteracts oxidative stress during cellular metabolism and detoxifcation under conditions of tumor progression can provoke reprogramming of the leading links of antiblastoma resistance, contributing to cancer progression. Conclusion . A more detailed study of the mechanisms of aminothiol metabolism in breast cancer emphasizes their particular importance for stabilizing the cellular genome and providing antitoxic protection of the cell, as well as understanding the important role of thiols as a coordination center in redox signaling. Disturbances at any stage of thiol metabolism can play an etiological role in oncogenetic pathologies, while the role of thiols as signaling molecules and the regulation of their metabolism should not be generalized for the entire group of diseases. Determination of serum markers of the redox state in patients with breast cancer, especially during antitumor therapy, can serve for an objective assessment of the effectiveness of treatment and the adaptive capabilities of the body, as well as predicting tumor growth and optimizing the program for screening and preventing cancer.","PeriodicalId":21881,"journal":{"name":"Siberian journal of oncology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136361732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of cervical esophageal carcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"D. A. Chichevatov, O. M. Seliverstova, S. P. Dmitriev","doi":"10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-4-101-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-4-101-108","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives . Up to date managing a cervical esophageal carcinoma (CEC) has remained a controversial challenge. The choice of treatment is still uncertain. In the present review we attempted to assess eligibility of surgery in treatment of CEC. Material and Methods . We have enquired particular publication databases and the enquiries yielded 24 contributions matching study selection criteria such as (1) original articles published from 2000 to 2022, (2) primary tumor localization in the cervical esophagus, (3) squamous cell carcinoma, (4) available characteristics of studied groups (age, sex, T, N, M, stage), (5) detailed description of curative procedures (radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery), (6) information about overall survival. These publications represented two arms of 14 surgical and 17 non-surgical subgroups to analyze. Individual patient data and parameter estimates have been renewed on the basis of original Kaplan‒Meier curves plotted. Results . The analysis revealed a highly heterogeneous (I2 =83.76 %; 95 % CI, 71.40–92.16) random effects model. Including a surgical option into treatment of CEC did not affect 3-year overall survival (р=0.665); 46.4 % (95 % CI, 37.4–55.6) vs 43.7 % (95 % CI, 35.3–51.6), respectively. Possibilities of surgical and non-surgical modalities employment were discussed. Conclusion . In treatment of CEC CRT and surgery are non-inferior to each other. These modalities are evenly associated with posterior side effects and complications, which adversely affect functional outcomes and survival. The choice of a treatment mode may depend on tumor response to induction therapy. The latter demands further investigations.","PeriodicalId":21881,"journal":{"name":"Siberian journal of oncology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136361735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report of long-term successful use of maintenance therapy with PARP inhibitors in the primary treatment of advanced brca-associated ovarian cancer","authors":"О. N. Churuksaeva, L. А. Kolomiets, А. B. Villert","doi":"10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-4-135-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-4-135-141","url":null,"abstract":"Background . Ovarian cancer is the third most common cancer of the female reproductive system after cervical and uterine cancer and is diagnosed at stage III–IV in 2 out of 3 cases. Maintenance therapy with PARP inhibitors signifcantly prolongs disease-free and overall survival. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate long-term remission in a patient with advanced ovarian cancer using maintenance therapy with PARP inhibitors (olaparib). Description of the clinical case . A 54-year-old female patient with verifed stage IV ovarian cancer, peritoneal carcinomatosis and left-sided pleurisy received combined modality treatment, including 2 courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel/carboplatin, cytoreductive surgery and 6 courses of postoperative chemotherapy with docetaxel/cisplatin. The patient was diagnosed with a somatic BRCA2 gene mutation (c.3708delA), which was detected by tumor DNA sequencing. The patient received maintenance therapy with olaparib for 38 months, resulting in no evidence of disease progression. Conclusion . This clinical case demonstrates the feasibility of using maintenance therapy with PARP inhibitors in a patient with initially disseminated platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. Olaparib maintenance therapy provides stable long-term remission with no signs of adverse events and determined effect on quality of life of the patient.","PeriodicalId":21881,"journal":{"name":"Siberian journal of oncology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136361730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sclerosing mucoepidermoid thyroid carcinoma combined with autoimmune thyroiditis","authors":"E. V. Ryabchenko","doi":"10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-4-154-158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-4-154-158","url":null,"abstract":"Background . Sclerosing mucoepidermoid thyroid carcinoma (SMTC) is a recently recognized malignant neoplasm of the thyroid. SMTC was frst reported in 1991. It arises in a background of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). There are two variants of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of thyroid gland: the conventional and sclerosing variants. SMTC has recently been recognized as a separate disease entity by World Health Organization (WHO). Description of the clinical case . We present the case of a 51-year-old woman with a 2-year history of autoimmune thyroiditis with a thyroid nodule. The patient had no symptoms or signs of compression. The level of thyroid–stimulating hormone (TSH) was 15.8 (range 0.4-4.0), antibodies to peroxidase: 150 Iu/ml. Scintigraphy of the thyroid gland revealed a dominant cold nodule (1.5×2 cm) in the right lobe of the gland. The control ultrasound examination showed negative fndings. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the nodule revealed follicular lesion in a background of TH. Extrafascial thyroidectomy was performed. The patient was followed up for 10 months.","PeriodicalId":21881,"journal":{"name":"Siberian journal of oncology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136361734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}