Sri Lankan Journal of Physics最新文献

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Comparison of RegCM3 simulated meteorological parameters in Bangladesh: Part I-preliminary result for rainfall 孟加拉国RegCM3模拟气象参数的比较:第一部分降雨的初步结果
Sri Lankan Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2007-11-11 DOI: 10.4038/SLJP.V8I0.209
Mizanur Rahman, N. Islam, Ahsan Ahmed, Romee Afroz
{"title":"Comparison of RegCM3 simulated meteorological parameters in Bangladesh: Part I-preliminary result for rainfall","authors":"Mizanur Rahman, N. Islam, Ahsan Ahmed, Romee Afroz","doi":"10.4038/SLJP.V8I0.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/SLJP.V8I0.209","url":null,"abstract":"A Regional Climate Model of version 3 (RegCM3) is employed for the study of meteorological parameters in Bangladesh. To adopt the RegCM3 for this region comparison of model outputs with surface observational data is essential. In this connection, this paper represents the comparison of model rainfall with surface observational data of 29 stations throughout the country collected by the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD). RegCM3 is run at 0.54° × 0.54° horizontal grid resolution in two parameterizations: Grell scheme with ArakawaSchubert (GAS) and Fritch-Chappell (GFC) assumptions. GAS run used Lateral Boundary Conditions (LBCs) data for 1995-2000 whereas GFC run used LBC data for 1991, 1994, 1996 and 1999. For the entire rainy season (March-November), model estimates about 101% of the surface rain for GFC option whereas model overestimates in pre-monsoon and underestimates in monsoon periods. The GFC option is found better than the GAS option in estimating rainfall by the model.","PeriodicalId":21880,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79894003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Effect of sputtering conditions on the gas sensitivity of copper oxide thin films 溅射条件对氧化铜薄膜气敏性的影响
Sri Lankan Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2007-11-11 DOI: 10.4038/SLJP.V8I0.210
P. Samarasekara, N. Yapa
{"title":"Effect of sputtering conditions on the gas sensitivity of copper oxide thin films","authors":"P. Samarasekara, N. Yapa","doi":"10.4038/SLJP.V8I0.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/SLJP.V8I0.210","url":null,"abstract":"Copper Oxide (CuO) thin films were deposited on conductive glass substrates using DC reactive sputtering in a mixture of Argon and Oxygen gases. The sputtering pressure and the substrate temperature were increased from 6 to 8.5 mbar and from 70 to 192 0 C, respectively. All the synthesized films contain single phase of CuO in this range of pressure and substrate temperature. According to Scherrer formula, the crystallite sizes vary from 9.03 to 22.47 nm as sputtering pressure is varied from 8.5 to 6 mbar. The crystallites favoring perpendicular orientations dominate at higher deposition pressures due to higher deposition rates. Due to smaller crystallite sizes, the film deposited at 192 0 C under 8.5 mbar pressure provides a gas sensitivity as high as 19.26 after keeping10 minutes in CO2 gas at room temperature. The sample fabricated at 192 0 C and 9 mbar indicates a sharp drop of CO2 gas sensitivity from 3.67 to 0.84 at operating temperature 75 0 C. All theses samples are not sensitive to N2 gas according to cross-sensitivity measured in N2 gas.","PeriodicalId":21880,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75024684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Optical properties of Poly-[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-phenylene vinylene and its application in photovoltaic cells 聚[2-甲氧基-5-(2-乙基-己氧基)-苯基-乙烯烯的光学性质及其在光伏电池中的应用
Sri Lankan Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2007-11-11 DOI: 10.4038/SLJP.V8I0.211
P. Sirimanne, E. Premalal
{"title":"Optical properties of Poly-[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-phenylene vinylene and its application in photovoltaic cells","authors":"P. Sirimanne, E. Premalal","doi":"10.4038/SLJP.V8I0.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/SLJP.V8I0.211","url":null,"abstract":"A conjugated polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) exhibits unique absorption band in the visible region due to electron transitions between nonlocalized bands and emits light in three different wavelength regions. Doping of iodine increases absorption in the visible region of polymer. MEH-PPV is used as a hole-conductor and a sensitizer in titana based solid-state photovoltaic cells. Maximum photocurrent of 1.3 mAcm -2 and voltage of about 543 mV are observed for a photovoltaic cell with the polymer sensitizing layer. However, slightly higher photocurrent (2.4 mAcm -2 ) with a decrement of voltage (465 mV) is observed for a solid-state cell with a configuration of TiO2|dye|MEHPPV|I2, under AM 1.5 conditions. Incident light to power conversion efficiency of these cells is about 0.6 %.","PeriodicalId":21880,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89210972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Efficient quasi-solid dye sensitized solar cells employing molten salt electrolyte 采用熔盐电解质的高效准固体染料敏化太阳能电池
Sri Lankan Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2006-12-11 DOI: 10.4038/SLJP.V7I0.204
G. Senadeera, N. D. Silva
{"title":"Efficient quasi-solid dye sensitized solar cells employing molten salt electrolyte","authors":"G. Senadeera, N. D. Silva","doi":"10.4038/SLJP.V7I0.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/SLJP.V7I0.204","url":null,"abstract":"There have been many attempts to increase the overall conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells using liquid-state electrolytes. However, this type of cells have unsolved critical problems such as leakage and evaporation of volatile organic solvents. Thus the development of more stable solid or quasi–solid state cell is of great importance. In the study reported here, we developed a novel fabrication method of dye sensitized quasi-solid solar cells using solid composite materials of LiSCN and methyl-hexyl-imidazolium iodide (MHImI) as hole transport materials to replace liquid iodide and polyiodide electrolyte which consists of volatile solvents. The device based on 6 µm thick nanocrystalline TiO 2 film absorbed by monolayer of Ru(II) terpyridyl complex photosensitizer (N719 dye), shows excellent incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE, ~ 75%) , large current density (11.6 mA cm -2 ), and high light-to-electric energy conversion efficiency (5.3- 6.1%) under the illumination of 100 mW cm -2 (AM 1.5).","PeriodicalId":21880,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76361369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Effect of Cathode thickness on the performance of the cell Li/ PAN:EC:PC:LiCF 3 SO 3 /PPy:DBS 阴极厚度对锂/ PAN:EC:PC: licf3 / so3 /PPy:DBS电池性能的影响
Sri Lankan Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2006-12-11 DOI: 10.4038/SLJP.V7I0.206
K. Vidanapathirana, M. Careem
{"title":"Effect of Cathode thickness on the performance of the cell Li/ PAN:EC:PC:LiCF 3 SO 3 /PPy:DBS","authors":"K. Vidanapathirana, M. Careem","doi":"10.4038/SLJP.V7I0.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/SLJP.V7I0.206","url":null,"abstract":"Electronically conducting Polypyrrole (PPy – [C 4 H 5 N] x ) has been identified as a good candidate for cathode material in Li rechargeable cells. Most of early studies have used smaller inorganic anions as doping species. However the performances of these cells were not promising due to poor stability of polymer film and lower capacity of the cell. It has been found out that use of large surfactant anions provide much stable films with better capacity. In this study, PPy films were synthesised using a large surfactant anion and the effect of the film thickness on the performance of the cells were investigated using cyclic voltammetry. It has been found that maximum performance could be obtained with thinner PPy cathodes.","PeriodicalId":21880,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85730165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Conductivity variation of the liquid electrolyte, EC : PC : LiCF3SO3 with salt concentration 电解质EC: PC: LiCF3SO3电导率随盐浓度的变化
Sri Lankan Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2006-12-11 DOI: 10.4038/SLJP.V7I0.202
M. Dissanayake
{"title":"Conductivity variation of the liquid electrolyte, EC : PC : LiCF3SO3 with salt concentration","authors":"M. Dissanayake","doi":"10.4038/SLJP.V7I0.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/SLJP.V7I0.202","url":null,"abstract":"It is a well known fact that liquid electrolytes inherit better conductivity values than other electrolytes such as solid electrolytes and polymer electrolytes. Basically, a liquid electrolyte consists of a salt dissolved in a solvent or a mixture of solvents. Their conductivity values therefore depend on the salt concentration as well as solvent concentration. Present study is based on the liquid electrolyte, ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate (LiCF 3 SO 3 – LiTF). Its conductivity variation with the salt concentration was investigated using AC impedance spectroscopy. The maximum conductivity observed at room temperature (RT) was 2.80 x 10 -3 S cm -1 at the salt concentration of 0.85 mol kg -1 . To explore the reasons governing the conductivity below and above that salt concentration, viscosity measurements were done using a Ostwalds viscometer. Upto the salt concentration of 0.85 mol kg -1 , conductivity increases. Hence, it can be assumed that due to the increment of charge carrier concentration with salt concentration, conductivity increases upto 0.85 mol kg -1 . After that, the effect of viscosity may dominate resulting in conductivity reduction. According to the observations, with the salt concentration, viscosity increased. The carrier mobility and hence, the conductivity decrease with viscosity. Conductivity variation with temperature of all samples followed the Vogel Tamman Fulcher (VTF) behaviour.","PeriodicalId":21880,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81421626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Energy absorption by the human body from RF and microwave emissions in Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡人体从射频和微波辐射中吸收的能量
Sri Lankan Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2006-12-11 DOI: 10.4038/SLJP.V7I0.207
M. Karunarathna, Lj Dayawansa
{"title":"Energy absorption by the human body from RF and microwave emissions in Sri Lanka","authors":"M. Karunarathna, Lj Dayawansa","doi":"10.4038/SLJP.V7I0.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/SLJP.V7I0.207","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the computed Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the human eye using measured field strengths from RF signals radiated by FM radio, TV and mobile cellular base stations operating in the 900 MHz band, in different parts of Sri Lanka. The SAR values in the eye are well below the internationally recognized FCC standards on human exposure to RF radiation. Calculations were carried out using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. The estimated SAR distribution in some organs of the human body due to exposure from signals of frequencies ranging from 100 MHz to 2500 MHz, based on an incident field of strength 1 V/m, are also presented. Some of the most vital organs of the human body, the eye, the testis, the brain and the kidney, have been examined. Results indicate that in all the organs investigated except in the testis, the maximum SAR increases with increasing frequency. Among the four organs the highest SAR of value 0.308 W/kg is in the eye and it occur at the highest frequency. The SAR distribution in the eye shows that beyond 900 MHz its maximum value shifts towards the interior of the eye and at 2500 MHz it is almost at the centre of the eye. In the kidney, at low frequencies, the highest SAR is at the front layers and it gets shifted to the centre of the kidney at 900 MHz and beyond this frequency the peak SAR shifts towards the interior. SAR values inside the four vital human body organs analyzed in this paper are below FCC standards and therefore at present we are safe.","PeriodicalId":21880,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85853534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
Variation of flatband potential of oxide nanocrystalline particles with core-shell structured semiconductor-MgO composites 氧化纳米晶粒子与核壳结构半导体-氧化镁复合材料的平带电位变化
Sri Lankan Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2006-12-11 DOI: 10.4038/SLJP.V7I0.205
J. Bandara, U. W. Pradeep
{"title":"Variation of flatband potential of oxide nanocrystalline particles with core-shell structured semiconductor-MgO composites","authors":"J. Bandara, U. W. Pradeep","doi":"10.4038/SLJP.V7I0.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/SLJP.V7I0.205","url":null,"abstract":"SnO 2 thin films and particles show feeble solar cell performance and poor photocatalytic activity respectively. It has been reported that coating of a thin MgO layer on SnO 2 particles results in enhancement of both solar cell performance and catalytic activities. The promoting effect of MgO layer was owing to barrier effect where MgO acts as a barrier layer for charge recombination. We noticed negative shift of flatband (FB) potential of SnO 2 with the increase of pH values and coating of a thin MgO layer on SnO 2 particles. It is shown how the negative shift in FB potential may contribute to enhance the solar cell efficiencies and photocatalytic activity in addition to the barrier effect of MgO layer.","PeriodicalId":21880,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85092590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Fabrication and characterization of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy superconductors prepared by solid state reaction technique 固相反应制备Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy超导体及其表征
Sri Lankan Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2006-12-11 DOI: 10.4038/SLJP.V7I0.203
P. Fernando, N. Pathmanathan
{"title":"Fabrication and characterization of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy superconductors prepared by solid state reaction technique","authors":"P. Fernando, N. Pathmanathan","doi":"10.4038/SLJP.V7I0.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/SLJP.V7I0.203","url":null,"abstract":"In this work three sets of superconducting samples with composition Bi 1.6 Pb 0.4 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O y were prepared by the solid state techniques and resistivity measurements were carried out on these samples in the temperature range 77 K – 175 K. The standard four-probe technique was used to measure the resistivity of the samples. The appropriate amount of Bi 2 O 3 , PbO, SrCO 3 , CaCO 3 and CuO of 99.99 % purity were used as starting raw material and were mixed. The mixed powder was initially calcinated at constant temperature of 820 0 C and the pallets of diameter 14 mm and thickness 1-2mm were prepared under the pressures 200 kg/cm 2 (sample A), 300 kg/cm 2 (sample B) and 250 kg/cm 2 (sample C). Then the pallets were subjected to several cycles of sintering at constant temperature in the furnace and allowed to furnace cool to room temperature in air. The resistivity measurements were carried out on these samples using locally made resistivity probe. Rh-Fe resistance thermometer was used to measure the temperatures of the sample. The samples A, B and C showed the onset superconducting transition temperatures at 103 K, 111 K, and 110 K respectively. Samples A and B showed broad transitions while sample C showed a sharp drop indicating the presence of only one superconducting phase Bi 2223 in the sample.","PeriodicalId":21880,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76307133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Trends of Rainfall in Sri Lanka over the Last Century 斯里兰卡上个世纪的降雨趋势
Sri Lankan Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2005-12-15 DOI: 10.4038/SLJP.V6I0.197
Hkwi Jayawardene, D. Sonnadara, Jayewardene
{"title":"Trends of Rainfall in Sri Lanka over the Last Century","authors":"Hkwi Jayawardene, D. Sonnadara, Jayewardene","doi":"10.4038/SLJP.V6I0.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/SLJP.V6I0.197","url":null,"abstract":"Utilizing over 100 years of rainfall records in 15 meteorology stations, an analysis was carried out to extract the trends of annual rainfall depth in Sri Lanka over the last century. A statistically significant increasing trend of rate 3.15 mm/year was observed at Colombo and decreasing trends were observed at Nuwara Eliya and Kandy with rates of 4.87 mm/year and 2.88 mm/year respectively. Since no coherent increase or decrease of rainfall in any group of stations in the wet or dry zones was observed, the possibility of large scale change over the past century was ruled out. However, more recent data records (1949 onwards), revealed a decreasing trends in 13 of the 15 stations. Thus, traces of a temporal change seem to be apparent in the rainfall records over the last half century. In general, the downward trends in recent decades are steeper than the long term variations. For the recent data records, the largest downward trend of 11.16 mm/year was observed at Batticaloa.","PeriodicalId":21880,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72567010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 85
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