{"title":"Effect of image activity on lossy and lossless coding performance","authors":"S. Saha, V. Vemuri","doi":"10.1109/DCC.2000.838217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DCC.2000.838217","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. When we compress a variety of multimedia images using a fixed wavelet filter, the PSNR values vary widely. Similarly in lossless image compression using a fixed integer wavelet transform, the bit rates can vary sharply. These large variations can be attributed to the image activity measure (IAM). We define and use a number of IAM from image variance, edges, wavelet coefficients and gradients, and analyse various images to see the effect of such image activity on the coding performance. It is observed that for both textures and images, a gradient-based activity measure is found to be the most effective measure in capturing the activities and solely determines the compressibility of an image.","PeriodicalId":218804,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings DCC 2000. Data Compression Conference","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117256599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dow-Yung Yang, Akshay Johar, A. Grama, W. Szpankowski
{"title":"Summary structures for frequency queries on large transaction sets","authors":"Dow-Yung Yang, Akshay Johar, A. Grama, W. Szpankowski","doi":"10.1109/DCC.2000.838182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DCC.2000.838182","url":null,"abstract":"As large-scale databases become commonplace, there has been significant interest in mining them for commercial purposes. One of the basic tasks that underlies many of these mining operations is querying of transaction sets for frequencies of specified attribute values. The size of these databases makes it important to develop summary structures capable of high compression ratios as well as supporting fast frequency queries. The nature of the problem and its differences with respect to traditional text compression allows very high compression ratios. In this paper, we propose a binary trie-based summary structure for representing transaction sets. We demonstrate that this trie structure, when augmented with an appropriate set of horizontal pointers, can support frequency queries several orders of magnitude faster than raw transaction data. We improve the memory characteristics of our scheme by compressing the trie into a Patricia trie and demonstrate that this does not have a significant adverse effect on frequency query time. We further reduce the size of this trie by selectively pruning branches to compute a \"dominant\" trie that is capable of approximate frequency querying. The complement trie called the \"deviant\" trie is also useful in many data mining applications. Recompressing the \"dominant\" trie into a Patricia trie results in further compression of the trie. Finally, we demonstrate that our binary compressed trie structure has better memory (compression) characteristics compared to related schemes. We support our claims with experimental results on datasets from the IBM synthetic association data generator.","PeriodicalId":218804,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings DCC 2000. Data Compression Conference","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127939254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Iterative source/channel-decoding using reversible variable length codes","authors":"R. Bauer, J. Hagenauer","doi":"10.1109/DCC.2000.838149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DCC.2000.838149","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we describe a trellis representation of variable length coded data which is capable of being used for bit-level or symbol-level maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding of variable length codes (VLC). A bit-level soft-input/soft-output module is derived and is applied in an iterative decoding structure consisting of an outer variable length code and an inner convolutional code. Due to their inherent redundancy reversible variable length codes (RVLC) yield good results with this system. We present simulation results in terms of symbol error rate performance when the data is transmitted over a fully interleaved Rayleigh fading channel using BPSK modulation. As measure for the symbol error rate the Levenshtein distance is used which regards the self-synchronizing properties of variable length codes better than a simple symbol-by-symbol comparison.","PeriodicalId":218804,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings DCC 2000. Data Compression Conference","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127509315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seismic data compression using GenLOT: towards \"optimality\"?","authors":"L. Duval, V. Bui-Tran, Truong Q. Nguyen, T. Tran","doi":"10.1109/DCC.2000.838199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DCC.2000.838199","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Seismic data compression is desirable in geophysics for both storage and transmission stages. Wavelet coding methods have generated interesting developments, including a real-time field test trial in the North Sea in 1995. Previous work showed that GenLOT with basic optimization also outperforms state-of-the-art biorthogonal wavelet coders for seismic data. In this paper, we focus on the problem of filter bank optimization using various properties of seismic data. It is often desirable to evaluate the compression performance of a transform on a set of data using a priori objective measures, to reduce extensive testings by selecting only good a priori transforms, and to tailor transforms to the statistical properties of the data set. In the scope of this work, we use symmetric AR models up to order 4 to obtain an average model of the horizontal and vertical signals of a seismic stack section. Rosten et al. (1999), have already shown that order 1 or 2 models give good results in filter bank optimization for non-unitary filter banks, using coding gain optimization. Several other criteria may be used for transform optimization. Following the theory in Tran and Nguyen (1999), we use a weighted combination of C/sub o/=k/sub C/C/sub C/+k/sub S/C/sub S/+k/sub d/C/sub D/ of coding gain, stopband attenuation and DC leakage minimization functions.","PeriodicalId":218804,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings DCC 2000. Data Compression Conference","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129871549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An overview of JPEG-2000","authors":"M. Marcellin, M. Gormish, A. Bilgin, M. Boliek","doi":"10.1109/DCC.2000.838192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DCC.2000.838192","url":null,"abstract":"JPEG-2000 is an emerging standard for still image compression. This paper provides a brief history of the JPEG-2000 standardization process, an overview of the standard, and some description of the capabilities provided by the standard. Part I of the JPEG-2000 standard specifies the minimum compliant decoder, while Part II describes optional, value-added extensions. Although the standard specifies only the decoder and bitstream syntax, in this paper we describe JPEG-2000 from the point of view of encoding. We take this approach, as we believe it is more amenable to a compact description more easily understood by most readers.","PeriodicalId":218804,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings DCC 2000. Data Compression Conference","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133632723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Arithmetic coding for low power embedded system design","authors":"H. Lekatsas, W. Wolf, J. Henkel","doi":"10.1109/DCC.2000.838183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DCC.2000.838183","url":null,"abstract":"We present a novel algorithm that assigns codes to instructions during instruction code compression in order to minimize bus-related bit-toggling and thus reduce power consumption. The target application area is embedded systems, where power consumption is increasingly becoming a dominant design constraint. Our algorithm is based on a variant of quasi-arithmetic coding where coding allows for random access and fast table-based decoding. We take advantage of the approximations introduced to modify codes and reduce bit-toggling, while maintaining compression performance and decoding speed. We present the first work to explore the trade-offs between compression ratios and bus-related power consumption and show that high compression ratios do not necessarily result in the lowest power consumption. By using our method, bus-related power consumption has been reduced by as much as 35% without imposing any additional hardware costs.","PeriodicalId":218804,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings DCC 2000. Data Compression Conference","volume":"2 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131751347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rate distortion behavior of threshold-based nonlinear approximations","authors":"C. Weidmann, M. Vetterli","doi":"10.1109/DCC.2000.838173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DCC.2000.838173","url":null,"abstract":"Many transform coders use a type of nonlinear approximation that selects all coefficients with magnitudes above threshold, encodes their positions, and and quantizes their values. This kind of two-stage scheme is very effective at low rates. We derive an upper bound on the operational rate distortion function of such threshold-based nonlinear approximations. The bound is applied to the spike process, which is a generic model for sparse transform coefficients, and to a Gaussian mixture process that is a better model for wavelet coefficients in image transform codes. The results exhibit the same change in distortion decay between low and high rates which is typical for such image coders.","PeriodicalId":218804,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings DCC 2000. Data Compression Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130012512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. L. Guen, S. Pateux, C. Labit, G. Moury, D. Lebedeff
{"title":"Bit rate and local quality control for on-board satellite image compression","authors":"D. L. Guen, S. Pateux, C. Labit, G. Moury, D. Lebedeff","doi":"10.1109/DCC.2000.838205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DCC.2000.838205","url":null,"abstract":"The method we present is developed as part of an on-board satellite image compression with target ratios greater than six. In order to limit the ringing effects on these critical areas we have developed an adapted encoder based on a wavelet transform. Our method consists of first a classification of 8/spl times/8 blocks of coefficients and second of a coding which integrates a local quality constraint within a bit rate control. Actually, we perform coding and regulation in the same time by using an EZW encoder and also Shapiro's dependency protocol to define our blocks of coefficients, noted vectors. An energy-based threshold followed by an integration of the local context allows us to discriminate two classes of vectors. Once classification is set-up, we code the wavelet coefficients by using two EZW encoders, one for each class. Our encoder is quite different from Shapiro's because of the integration of a quality constraint. This constraint is established in order to privilege the ROI and is satisfied by an optimal choice of the proportionality between the two target rates.","PeriodicalId":218804,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings DCC 2000. Data Compression Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130023345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new method for optimal rate allocation for progressive image transmission over noisy channels","authors":"Minyi Zhao, Aydin Alatan, A. Akansu","doi":"10.1109/DCC.2000.838161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DCC.2000.838161","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new method for optimal rate allocation between a progressive image coder and a channel coder for noisy channels. A mathematical model for the embedded bit streams is developed and used as a new metric for such a joint source-channel coding optimization problem. It is further shown that maximization of such a new metric is equivalent to the maximization of a conventional PSNR measure. PSNR improvements up to 0.3 dB over very noisy channels at low bit rate are achieved by using the proposed method without any additional overheads. Furthermore, the PSNR performance obtained by using the proposed method is upper bounded by those of the conventional Monte Carlo method. Computational results and numerical comparisons consistently verify the merit of the proposed technique.","PeriodicalId":218804,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings DCC 2000. Data Compression Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130889207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Complexity-scalable transform coding using variable complexity algorithms","authors":"W. Pan, Antonio Ortega","doi":"10.1109/DCC.2000.838166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DCC.2000.838166","url":null,"abstract":"In applications where compression has to be performed under varying complexity constraints (e.g., with hardware having to operate in reduced power mode) it is beneficial to design compression algorithms that allow some degree of complexity scalability. In this paper we explore complexity scalability for transform coding algorithms. We show that a variable complexity algorithm (VCA), which uses energy thresholds to determine the number of coefficients to be computed for each input, is preferable to other alternatives such as a pruned transform, where the same number of coefficients is computed for the whole image. We show that the benefits include not only a higher degree of scalability, but also increased compression performance, as we take advantage of the energy classification that is needed for VCA operation and design quantizers that match each class. We provide expressions for the average complexity as well as rate/distortion relations for a generic N-point VCA transform. For a two point case, we present closed-form relations describing the variance changes in two classes. In addition, rate-distortion-complexity relations are also empirically obtained. We apply VCA to eight-point KLT and 8/spl times/8 DCT in the JPEG framework and experiments show that the VCA approach is superior in rate/distortion performance at low rates compared to the standard transform coding techniques.","PeriodicalId":218804,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings DCC 2000. Data Compression Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134481139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}