Open Journal of Soil Science最新文献

Review and Analysis: Fate of Arsenic Applied to Canal Shipping Lane Vegetation and United States Military Base Grounds in the Panama Canal Zone 回顾与分析:砷在巴拿马运河区运河航道植被和美国军事基地地面上的应用

Open Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/ojss.2023.1310018

Kenneth R. Olson

{"title":"Review and Analysis: Fate of Arsenic Applied to Canal Shipping Lane Vegetation and United States Military Base Grounds in the Panama Canal Zone","authors":"Kenneth R. Olson","doi":"10.4236/ojss.2023.1310018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2023.1310018","url":null,"abstract":"The opening of the Panama Canal in 1913 increased the availability of internationally traded goods and transformed ocean-shipping by shortening travel time between the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean. The canal sparked the growth of port authorities and increased ship tonnage on both coasts of Panama. Since the construction of the Panama Canal, in the 1910s, pesticides, herbicides and chemicals, including arsenic, have been essential for controlling wetland vegetation, including hyacinth, which blocked rivers, lakes, and the canal as well as managing mosquitoes. Pesticides and chemicals flowed into Lake Gatun (reservoir) either attached to sediment or in solution during the monsoon season. Lake Gatun was the drinking water source for most of the people living in the Panama Canal Zone. The United States military base commanders had the ability to order and use cacodylic acid (arsenic based) from the Naval Depot Supply Federal and Stock Catalog and the later Federal Supply Catalog on the military base grounds in the Panama Canal Zone. Cacodylic acid was shipped to Panama Canal Zone ports, including Balboa and Cristobal, and distributed to the military bases by rail or truck. The objective of this study is to determine the fate of arsenic: 1) applied between 1914 and 1935 to Panama Canal shipping lane hyacinth and other wetland vegetation and 2) cacodylic acid (arsenic) sprayed from 1948 to 1999 on the US military base grounds in the Panama Canal Zone.","PeriodicalId":218747,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Soil Science","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136259400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Soil pH, Organic Matter, and Clay Content on Environmentally Available Lead in Soils: A Case Study in Muncie, Indiana, USA 土壤pH值、有机质和粘土含量对环境有效铅的影响:以美国印第安纳州曼西市为例

Open Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/ojss.2023.1310019

Abdulgadir Elnajdi, Adam Berland, Jess Haeft, Carolyn Dowling

引用次数: 0

Effect of Organic Amendment on the Growth of <i>Artemisia annua</i> in the North of C&#244;te d’Ivoire 有机改性对黄花蒿生长的影响</i>在科特迪瓦北部

Open Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/ojss.2023.1311021

Sarah Konaré, Konan Alphonse Alui, Souleymane Silué, André Soro

{"title":"Effect of Organic Amendment on the Growth of &lt;i&gt;Artemisia annua&lt;/i&gt; in the North of C&amp;#244;te d’Ivoire","authors":"Sarah Konaré, Konan Alphonse Alui, Souleymane Silué, André Soro","doi":"10.4236/ojss.2023.1311021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2023.1311021","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria causes many deaths around the world, particularly in Africa, which ultimately affects the socio-economic development of African countries. The resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to quinine-based drugs led to new studies showing the efficiency of new artemisin-based drugs. The molecule artemisin is extracted from Artemisia annua a plant from China that has been used for decades in traditional Chinese medicine. The purpose of this study is to improve the production of sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua) using organic fertilizers in the north of Cote d’Ivoire. To do so, a morpho-pedological characterization of the study site was firstly performed to determine the soil type and their fertility level. Then, a randomized complete block system including two factors (the quantity of compost and the plant density) was implemented to test the effect of organic amendment and plant arrangement on the growth of Artemisia annua. Six treatments were set up: a control plot (no compost) where the plants are arranged in square (T0D1) and the plants are arranged in staggered (T0D2). Then, a treatment with compost addition of 25 t/ha where the plants are arranged in square (T1D1) and in staggered (T1D2). A treatment with compost addition of 50 t/ha where plants are arranged in square (T2D1) and in staggered (T2D2). Our results showed that the soils hosting our experimentation are Arenithic Plinthic Ferrasols with a very low level of fertility, prone to leaching and erosion. T1D2 and T2D2 treatments obtained the highest yields of 2.82 t/ha and 3.91 t/ha, respectively. Our findings indicate that a high dose of organic amendment combined with a staggered plant arrangement strongly improves the biomass production of sweet wormwood. This is in agreement with previous studies showing that the addition of organic matter can restore the level of soil fertility by increasing soil porosity and the activity of micro and macroorganisms.","PeriodicalId":218747,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Soil Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135659500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Re-Examining Field-Surveyed Variations in Elevation and Soil Properties with a 1-m Resolution LiDAR-Generated DEM 利用1米分辨率激光雷达生成的DEM重新研究野外调查的高程和土壤性质变化

Open Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/ojss.2023.139017

Kamille Lemieux, Paul A. Arp

{"title":"Re-Examining Field-Surveyed Variations in Elevation and Soil Properties with a 1-m Resolution LiDAR-Generated DEM","authors":"Kamille Lemieux, Paul A. Arp","doi":"10.4236/ojss.2023.139017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2023.139017","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a 2017 LiDAR-DEM guided 1-m resolution examination of field-surveyed elevation and soil property variations (5 × 5 m spacings) conducted in 1977 across a hummocky New Brunswick field used for potato production. This examination revealed that the field incurred minor elevation differences likely due to upslope erosion as revealed through increasing Sand % and CF % with increasing elevation, and increasing Silt % along low-lying areas. Soil moisture, field capacity, permanent wilting and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) also increased at downslope locations. Directly as well as indirectly, soil pH, ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), Caesium137 (Cs137) and Mehlich-3 extracted Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were likewise affected by topographic location. Factor analyzing these variables led to: 1) a Soil Loss Factor that captured 24% of the textural variations; 2) a Soil-Cropping Factor accounting for 16% of the N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn variations; 3) a Soil Organic Matter (SOM) Factor relating 9% of the in-field variations for SOM, Fe, Zn, Cu to via organo-metal complexation and low NO3-N retention. Many of the topographic variations increased or decreased with the metric DEM-projected depth-to-water index (DTW) index. This index was set to 0 along DEM-derived flow channels with minimum upslope flow-accumulation areas of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1 or 4 ha. Among these, the DTW > 4 ha threshold was useful for reproducing the textural variations, while the DTW > 0.25 ha threshold assisted in capturing trends pertaining to moisture retention and elemental concentrations.","PeriodicalId":218747,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Soil Science","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135784408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Cold-Weather Crop Suitability Modelling 寒冷天气作物适宜性模型

Open Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/ojss.2023.1310020

Kamille Lemieux, Nana-Agyei O. Afriyie, Shane Furze, Patrick Toner, Paul A. Arp

{"title":"Cold-Weather Crop Suitability Modelling","authors":"Kamille Lemieux, Nana-Agyei O. Afriyie, Shane Furze, Patrick Toner, Paul A. Arp","doi":"10.4236/ojss.2023.1310020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2023.1310020","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents ArcGIS Pro workflow results aimed at rating and mapping cold-weather crop suitability from 0% to 100% at 1-m elevation resolution for the Province of New Brunswick (NB). This rating accounts for variations by soil conditions (texture, coarse fragments, depth, calcareousness, drainage, slope), growing degree days (GDD) and frost-free days (FFD) from within fields to across regions. The ratings so produced reflect a significant part of farm and farm/woodlot property assessment values as these also vary by area and building footprint. While the soil properties for texture, coarse fragments, depth, and calcareousness vary by NB soil association mapping units, within-field suitabilities also vary by slope from flat to steep and by drainage as it correlates across the terrain by depth-to-water (DTW) from very poor to poor, imperfect, moderate, well and excessive. Areas marked by 1.5 10% have low to no suitability because of slope-increased soil erosion and trafficability risks. The number of growing-degree and frost-free days across NB were rated to be sufficient for cold weather cropping, except marginally so at the high-elevation locations.","PeriodicalId":218747,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Soil Science","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135212839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of the Level of Metal(loid)s Pollution and Bioactive Compounds Screening of Anthill Soil 蚁丘土壤重金属污染水平评价及生物活性化合物筛选

Open Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/ojss.2023.1311022

Graça K. Kandanda, Festus S. Shafodino, Simeon I. Ambuga, Lamech M. Mwapagha

{"title":"Assessment of the Level of Metal(loid)s Pollution and Bioactive Compounds Screening of Anthill Soil","authors":"Graça K. Kandanda, Festus S. Shafodino, Simeon I. Ambuga, Lamech M. Mwapagha","doi":"10.4236/ojss.2023.1311022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2023.1311022","url":null,"abstract":"The anthill soil is used by hypertensive elderly and teenagers from Oshikoto region (Namibia) and many of them testified stabilization of their blood pressure to normal after consuming the anthill soil-derived aqueous extracts. This study therefore investigated and/or assessed the physicochemical parameters, the contents of some metal(loid)s (and their associated potential health risks) and the qualitative composition of bioactive compounds of this anthill soil. The homogenous soil sample collected from various anthill soils in the Oshikoto region was used to obtain the measurements of physiochemical parameters. The elemental contents were determined (using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer) after acid digestion in accordance with the EPA method 350B and their potential health risk assessments were performed. Methanol, aqueous methanol, and aqueous-based extracts were generated via maceration extraction process prior to the screening of bioactive compounds using standard diagnostic assays. The oxidation reduction potential (164.4 ± 16.6 mV) was the only physicochemical parameter whose value was within the World Health Organization limits for drinking water whereas, total dissolved solids (23 ± 5.5 mg/L), electrical conductivity (44 ± 10.1 uS/cm) and pH (5.35 ± 0.33) were out of specifications. Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides were present in anthill soil (with respect to the extractants used) to which its antihypertensive properties can be attributed in addition to some of the studied mineral components. With respect to the pH, TDS and EC, and the contents of most metal(loid)s in relation to their health risk assessment values, the results suggest that aqueous extracts derived from this anthill soil can be deemed unsuitable for human consumption.","PeriodicalId":218747,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Soil Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135660459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0