{"title":"Road foundation detailing using ground penetrating radar systems with different frequencies","authors":"A. Alani, F. Tosti, L. B. Ciampoli, F. Benedetto","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996096","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the assessment of the underground construction details of a road pavement using different frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR) antenna systems. In addition to this, the possible presence and location of an underground watercourse was investigated in this work. The existence of the latter problem was perceived due to reoccurrence of longitudinal and traversal road surface cracking as well as subsidence at a particular section of the road. Reoccurrence of this damage was interpreted and related to the possible existence of an underground watercourse. The original design and the construction of the road were as such to prevent this movement. Therefore it seemed necessary to perform a GPR survey to investigate and confirm the underground construction details of the road. To this purpose, the identified area was surveyed using high to low frequency antennas with 2000 MHz, 900 MHz, 600 MHz and 200 MHz central frequencies of investigation. The results were conclusive in terms of construction details provided and evidence of subsidence within the road identified. The maximum depth of penetration achieved by the use of the 600 MHz and the 200 MHz antennas (maximum of 3 m) did not allow to identify or confirm the existence of any underground watercourse.","PeriodicalId":216764,"journal":{"name":"2017 9th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127421931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preliminary results on multi offset GPR for imaging of landmines","authors":"F. Lombardi, H. Griffiths, A. Balleri, M. Lualdi","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996090","url":null,"abstract":"Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is widely recognised as an operationally useful sensor for mine detection as it can offer better detection performance than the ubiquitous metal detector in the presence of low-metal content mines. However, GPR has to overcome many potential sources of false alarm due to clutter and battlefield debris, which lower the efficiency of the sensor. This paper analyses a set of experimental data collected in a recent multi-offset GPR measurement campaign with inert landmines composed of different assemblies buried in sandy soil. The aim of the work is to evaluate the key differences observed by a radar system when the transmitter and the receiver are moved apart, as a function of their distance and hence when the illuminated section of the target is diversified. The results of the comparison between the collected multi-offset profiles show that using a bistatic geometry could represent a strategy to reconstruct composite objects with finer and better details.","PeriodicalId":216764,"journal":{"name":"2017 9th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126413278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electromagnetic Marchenko scheme based internal multiple elimination for lossless media","authors":"Lele Zhang, E. Slob","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996060","url":null,"abstract":"Iterative substitution of the Marchenko equation has been introduced recently to integrate internal multiple reflection in the seismic and electromagnetic imaging process. In the so-called Marchenko imaging, solving the Marchenko equation at each imaging point is required to meet this objective. It makes the scheme seriously expensive. Inspired by this limitation, we present an Electromagnetic Marchenko equation based one dimensional scheme to eliminate the internal multiples of the single-sided lossless surface ground penetrating radar data layer by layer, such that the conventional imaging schemes can be applied to get the internal multiple related artifacts free imaging result without the need of solving Marchenko equation at each imaging point. We show with an example that the method works well for a sample in a synthetic waveguide that could be used for measurements in laboratory and field.","PeriodicalId":216764,"journal":{"name":"2017 9th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131177591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparing the measured and modelled response of bespoke antennas using gprMax","authors":"J. Wilkinson, N. Davidson","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996050","url":null,"abstract":"The simulation software gprMax uses the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method to model propagating electromagnetic (EM) waves primarily for the purpose of ground-penetrating radar (GPR). This open source tool provides a means to investigate the optimal specifications for ground-coupled and air-launched antennas prior to construction. In order for this modelling capability to be fully exploited, an initial assessment of the ability of gprMax to faithfully represent simple antenna designs is being undertaken. This paper compares the measured and modelled response of three antennas; a simple wire dipole, a bow-tie and a microstrip fed Vivaldi. These antennas were constructed and the S11 parameter obtained from 0.5 to 6 GHz using a vector network analyser (VNA). These measurements were then compared to the S11 response simulated using gprMax.","PeriodicalId":216764,"journal":{"name":"2017 9th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"6 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122299669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of Ground penetrating radar for investigating sediment-filled surface karst features (Krk Island, Croatia)","authors":"Teja Ceru, A. Gosar, Ela Segina","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996045","url":null,"abstract":"Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been widely used in the last decade for investigating various issues in karst environments. Valley-like depressions and other sediment-filled irregular features on karst surface in the south-eastern part of Krk Island, Croatia, were noticed but their genetic mechanism could not be clarified only by geomorphological field observations and the analysis of orthophoto images. It was unclear which processes (surface and/or underground) prevailed during the formation of the investigated surface features, so the GPR method was used to study different karst features and their interconnections. To test the applicability of the GPR method for detecting such features, two different antennae, a 250 MHz shielded and a 50 MHz unshielded Rough Terrain Antenna (RTA), were applied to estimate the suitability of various frequencies in certain karst environments. On the basis of additional information obtained from GPR data, it become clear that the studied sediment-filled surface karst features are result of the denudation processes. Furthermore, linkages between surface sediment-filled features also became apparent, which prove the existence of an unroofed cave. The linkages are expressed as areas with stronger attenuation on GPR radargrams due to different electromagnetic properties of the sediments that fill up denuded structures and the mainly bare karst surface that surrounds them. These findings indicate that the investigated sediment-filled surface features of various shapes and sizes belong to one former underground cave system which is now exposed on the recent surface as a result of denudation.","PeriodicalId":216764,"journal":{"name":"2017 9th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114403227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diagnosis of reinforced concrete structures by Ground Penetrating Radar survey - case study","authors":"J. Sham, W. L. L. Wallace","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996058","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, part of the results extracted from the consultancy project of applying GPR for pier structure diagnosis is presented. GPR survey results on pier structures of: (1) a 9m × 4m slab and (2) the side (8m × 0.35m) of a beam located at Macau Ferry Terminal, Hong Kong are discussed. This study is a preliminary study on constructing work flow of defect characterization; and the GPR results has been validated with core/open up test. Signs of delamination, cracks and damped area are determined after open-up observation. It concluded GPR as decision making tool on concrete rehabilitation scheme. It also helps in conducting rational sampling rather than random sampling for detailed investigation (e.g. coring, open-up survey, chloride and carbonation test etc.) on concrete structure.","PeriodicalId":216764,"journal":{"name":"2017 9th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128640658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ristic, M. Vrtunski, M. Govedarica, L. Pajewski, Xavier Dérobert
{"title":"Automated data extraction from synthetic and real radargrams of district heating pipelines","authors":"A. Ristic, M. Vrtunski, M. Govedarica, L. Pajewski, Xavier Dérobert","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996046","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of this paper is to investigate the performance of an algorithm for point extraction from hyperbolic reflections in synthetic and real Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) data. The real radargrams that we considered contain hyperbolic reflections due to the presence, in the surveyed area, of district heating pipelines DN250 (250mm inner diameter pipe). These are buried 88 cm deep in a soil trench, and covered by compacted sand and concrete bricks (behaton pavement). The synthetic radargrams result from the simulation of a model representing the real geometry on the location of interest. The simulation was carried out by using gprMax, ver. 3.","PeriodicalId":216764,"journal":{"name":"2017 9th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130953268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A physical modeling study to analyze the horizontal resolution limits of GPR reflection imaging","authors":"Franz Sandring, N. Allroggen, J. Tronicke","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996036","url":null,"abstract":"Physical modeling studies at the laboratory scale close the gap between computer simulations and field experiments. In ground-penetrating radar (GPR), such physical models are, for example, useful to study wave propagation phenomena, to evaluate mathematical models, and to develop tools for data analysis, processing, and interpretation. Here, we present an experiment, which has been designed to study the resolution capabilities of GPR. Our model consists of well-defined targets (styrofoam and metallic objects) located in a homogenous background medium (water-filled tank). Collecting 2D/3D GPR data using 1 GHz antennas across this model, allows us to analyze real-world data sets (e.g., in terms of waveforms and noise characteristics) and to evaluate basic theoretical concepts as they are known from the literature to specify the resolution limits of GPR. Here, we focus on the analysis of horizontal resolution and compare our results (i.e., unmigrated and migrated data) to basic Fresnel zone concepts. Our results demonstrate the principal applicability of these concepts to estimate the resolution limits of GPR data. Furthermore, they illustrate that a proper migration scheme is essential to obtain a well focused GPR with optimal resolution capabilities, which we estimate to be in the order of half of a dominant wavelength.","PeriodicalId":216764,"journal":{"name":"2017 9th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114685370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GPR attribute analysis for material property identification","authors":"Isabel M. Morris, B. Glisic","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996070","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation of priceless cultural heritage is a pressing shared responsibility primarily assigned to archaeologists and materials scientists. Ironically, standard methods used to determine mechanical and material properties in these fields are actually destructive. Consequently, valuable non-destructive prospection methods, especially Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), have been embraced and expanded by conservators in an attempt to determine these physical properties. Attribute analysis is sometimes conducted in addition to standard GPR post-processing for feature detection and to extract and clarify information about a site. However, attribute analysis has not been applied to consider subtle differences between materials. This work aims to empirically explore the relationships between materials and their GPR attributes by surveying 8 concrete and cement paste cores of variable mechanical properties and 2 bricks and calculating a variety of amplitude based attributes. The outcomes of this work are preliminary indications of relative properties and classifications of attributes better equipped for certain properties. These results are promising for continued study of additional classes of attributes to ensure successful conservation efforts.","PeriodicalId":216764,"journal":{"name":"2017 9th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130133573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Poljak, V. Doric, M. Birkic, K. El Khamlichi Drissi, S. Lalléchère, L. Pajewski
{"title":"A simple analysis of dipole antenna radiation above a multilayered medium","authors":"D. Poljak, V. Doric, M. Birkic, K. El Khamlichi Drissi, S. Lalléchère, L. Pajewski","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996037","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with a simple model of a dipole antenna radiating above a layered medium. The frequency domain formulation is based on the integro-differential equation of the Pocklington type. The influence of the earth-air interface is taken into account via the simplified reflection coefficient arising from the Modified Image Theory (MIT). The Pocklington equation is solved via the Galerkin-Bubnov variant of the Indirect Boundary Element Method (GB-IBEM). The related reflected field is determined by numerically evaluating field integrals. Some illustrative numerical results for the current along the dipole and radiated field above lower layered medium are presented.","PeriodicalId":216764,"journal":{"name":"2017 9th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129713045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}