Scientific Research and Essays最新文献

{"title":"Breeding seasons of some commercially important fishes in Ethiopia: Implications for fish management","authors":"Agumassie Tesfahun","doi":"10.5897/SRE2018.6596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2018.6596","url":null,"abstract":"Fishing during periods close to spawning (breeding) season results in a decline in fish population. Identifying the breeding season of each fish species is important for conservation and aquaculture development. Published and unpublished sources of data were used to prepare this review manuscript. Based on the review process, it is possible to observe that the breeding season of fish occurred all year round. Although, the intensive or peak breeding period occurred uni-annual or bi-annual and also it is different from the fish species as well as the nature of water bodies. The peak breeding seasons of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus was observed from (March-June), (April, June-July), (April-July) and (February-March) in Lakes Chamo, Babogaya,Tana and Hawassa, respectively. The intensive spawning season of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus was appeared at (January and July), (September, March-April and August), (September, April-August), (January-March and July-September) in Fincha Reservoir, Lakes Beseka, Babogaya and Hawassa, respectively. The common carp Cyprinus carpio was breed intensively during (March and June), (February and April) in Fincha and Tropical Amerti Reservoir respectively. The crucian carp Carassius carassius was reproduced from (March-July, August and October) in Melka-Wakena Reservoir. The breeding behavior of the Labeobarbus fish species was observed from (July-October) in the Tana and Blue Nile basin. The breeding condition of fishes in Ethiopian water bodies has been associated with the rainfall and periodicity where the abundance of food items present in water bodies. Generally, the close season of the fish (spawning) depending on physiological and environmental factors attributes that effective management is very important during breeding seasons to sustain fish resources for food security in the country as well as further study is needed why the fish mostly breed in rainy time. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Breeding season, environmental factors, Ethiopia, fishes, lakes, reservoir, physiological factors.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/SRE2018.6596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43744417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and execution of a novel strategic statistical tool to determine in-vitro in-vivo correlation for sustained release capsules of metoprolol \u0000tartrate in humans","authors":"Sabahuddin Siddique, M. Abdul, Syed Ata ur Rahman, Durdana Lateef, A. Bose, S. Dan, Faraz Siddiqui","doi":"10.5897/SRE2018.6595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2018.6595","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this present study was to develop and formulate sustained release coated metoprolol tartrate matrix granules and to design an in-vitro in-vivo correlation (IVIVC) tool based on bioavailability data available from human volunteers. USP apparatus II, paddle type was used for generation of in-vitro drug release data for each formulation. The similarity factor (f2) was determined using dissolution data parameters of the formulations. Twenty-four healthy male volunteers participated in the two-way crossover bioequivalent study where the volunteers were treated in a completely randomized fashion. The percent drug dissolved in the dissolution test and percent absorbed data shows a ‘level A’ IVIVC was achieved with a good linear regression relation. Different release rate formulation including Fast, Moderate and Slow release formulations exhibited an excellent covenant between the three dosage forms. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Sustained-release capsules, metoprolol tartrate, bioavailability, in-vitro in-vivo correlation (IVIVC), humans.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/SRE2018.6595","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48137157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Honey activity on the proliferation and migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma: In vitro and bioinformatic analysis","authors":"E. M. S. Santos, H. O. Santos, Juliana Rezende Sa Mir, A. N. Gonçalves, A. C. Almeida, Igor Viana Br, S. Alex, er Rodrigues Cangussu, J. N. Alves, Sabrina Ferreira de Jesus, R. Neiva, K. S. Costa, re Luiz Sena Guimaraes, L. Farias","doi":"10.5897/SRE2018.6590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2018.6590","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate, in oral squamous carcinoma cells (OSCC), the  antineoplastic effect of Apis mellifera honey produced from Aroeira and wildflower, in the region of Jequitinhonha River Valley, Brazil. Furthermore, we investigate the molecular mechanism of honey performance through bioinformatic analysis. Honey and OSCC-related gene list were screened using GeneCards. The online tool STRING was used to identify the potential interaction networks of protein products of these genes. The genes with the highest weighted number of links (WNL) were called leader genes. GO and KEGG pathway analysis was performed to classify the genes. We use a search tool STITCH for interactions of chemicals-proteins. The chemical characterization of honey and its antiproliferative and antimigratory effects in SCC-9 cell lines was evaluated in vitro. The analysis of the interaction network obtained from the STRING database indicated by the following leader genes: TNF, IL6 and HDAC1. GO analysis for the honey, and OSCC-related proteins revealed that leader genes-regulated cancers genes were markedly enriched in some functions. Through the chemical characterization, the bioactive classes: steroids/triterpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins were identified. Polyphenols act in activating CASP3 and TP53 and inhibit the action of DNMT1. The honey produced from Aroeira and wildflower reduced proliferative phenotype and migration of OSCC cells. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Aroeira honey, Myracrodruon urundeuva, wild honey, Apis mellifera, therapeutic, Jequitinhonha River Valley.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/SRE2018.6590","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49037365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indigenous knowledge on highland bamboo (Yushania alpina) management and utilization practices in Kokosa Woreda, South East Ethiopia","authors":"Gebrekidan Seyoum, Tiki Lemma, Mulatu Yigardu","doi":"10.5897/sre2017.6552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/sre2017.6552","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/sre2017.6552","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71217677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding the global horizon of engineered crops: Miles ahead to go","authors":"Pandey Brijesh, Kumar Rajesh, K. Abhishek","doi":"10.5897/SRE2017.6500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2017.6500","url":null,"abstract":"Transformations in agriculture parallel to the advancements in civilizations have been a novel practice to enhance the productive creation of Mother Nature to nurture the society. Scientific advances of last century featuring identification of DNA, the development of molecular biology and its exploitation in life sciences have taken a lead. Progressions such as crop improvements through genetic modifications/genetic engineering/recombinant DNA technology are major milestones in this breakthrough technological revolution, offering promising hands for greater challenges in conventional breeding approaches of the 21st century. Introduction of recombinant DNA technology and its resultant as “Genetically modified (GM)”, “Genetically engineered” or “Transgenic” crops accepted the challenge and delivered commercially viable herbicides, insects and viruses resistant entities, etc. On the global transgenic map, India is seen fortunate to be amongst top Bt-cotton producer, leading China by 11.6 million hectares in the year 2013 to 2014. India leads on Bt-cotton, many progressing in the pipeline, but with many controversial issues viz. Human and environmental safety, ethics, food security, commodity transfer and meddling with Mother Nature had always been raised as special concern before accepting this technology. This review projects era of transgenic, fostering the agricultural sector, breaking the challenges behind the acceptance of engineered crops and furthers its impact on growing agricultural economics. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Bt-cotton, biosafety, genetically modified (GM) crops, rDNA technology, transgenic, India.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/SRE2017.6500","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43785430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New application of principal component regression in estimation of electrical energy consumption in an abnormal automatic meter reading system","authors":"Kantikoon Visavat, Kinnares Vijit","doi":"10.5897/SRE2018.6564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2018.6564","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new application of principal component regression (PCR) for estimating electrical energy consumption in case of abnormal automatic meter reading (AMR) systems. These events occur in a delivery metering system such as problems from mistakenly setting and connecting meters in electrical systems, broken metering accessories, etc. The estimation is performed by using MATLAB. The unclean sampled input data is used to estimate the target output data. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is used as estimation performance. In this proposed estimation, load profiles obtained from the AMR are used as input data for training to create estimation model and for testing to validate model. Estimated results are verified by comparison between the proposed PCR application and other applications such as simple linear regression (SLR), multiple linear regression (MLR). The proposed PCR gives the best error results of MAPE for the lost electrical energy estimation.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"13 1","pages":"92-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/SRE2018.6564","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41972556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling climate change impact and mitigation actions: A case study of rice productivity in West Africa based on panel data analysis","authors":"Hoyeton Ainan Brice, Luan Jingdong, Senan Soton Mascimus","doi":"10.5897/sre2018.6568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/sre2018.6568","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigated how climate change can affect paddy rice productivity and proposed a mitigation measure that may be undertaken. The analysis first explored the potential impacts of climate variables on rice yields by using panel data covering the period 1980 to 2016 for seven countries members of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). It then went on to calculate the investments needed in Research and Development (R&D) for developing new crop varieties technologies by applying the methodology developed by World Bank (2010). Results indicated the growth of rice yields was positively related to the level of technological progress, the rainfall or quantity of water, and amount of seedlings. The concentration level temperature and the mass of carbon dioxide emitted throughout rice cultivation appeared to affect negatively the growth of rice yields. From the estimation of fixed-effects model, the findings showed the existence of specificities (heterogeneity) among the underlying countries that influenced positively rice production in the study area. After all, the aggregate impact of climate change on paddy rice productivity was found to be negative in WAEMU area. From the application of Word Bank methodology, it was recommended to all the countries, in particular, Benin, Burkina-Faso and Niger to increase constantly their annual (R&D) spending throughout the period 2017 to 2050. In consideration of the negative impact of climate variables, the study proposed the development of new rice varieties that could withstand temperature, and a rigorous management of postharvest cropland enabling the reduction of negative externalities due to carbon dioxide emissions. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Rice productivity, climate change, mitigation, panel data analysis.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"13 1","pages":"84-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/sre2018.6568","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47617961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Path analysis to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of climatic variables in the development stages of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)","authors":"Pessoa de Barros Rubens, Sampaio Reis Ligia, Cristina Santos Magalhaes Isabelle, Galdino da Silva Claudio, de Oliveira Pereira Miriany, Cleia Barbosa de Lira Ana, Maria Jaciara, Gomes da Costa João, Cesar Guzzo Elio","doi":"10.5897/sre2018.6566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/sre2018.6566","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of climatic variables on the population dynamics of the tomato moth Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917), (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) through correlations and path analysis, on the main variable in organic and conventional tomato crops (Solanum lycopersicum L., Solanaceae). We studied the effects of the pheromone (used Delta traps) on insect phase sampling in two areas of agricultural with tomato cultivation in Alagoas, Northeast Brazil: latitude 09o81´76´´, longitude 36o59´42´´, during the agricultural years 2015-2017. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments with 60 replicates. In the path analysis, the main variables were adults, eggs, caterpillars and mines. Rainfall, relative humidity, temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation were explanatory and correlated variables. In the path analysis we observed that rainfall, relative humidity, and solar radiation were the variables of greatest influence on the population dynamics with direct effects in the organic system with correlation coefficients r = 0.83, r = 0.52 and r = 0.45 respectively. The following variables showed negative correlations: wind r = -0.43, and temperature r = -0.19. In the conventional system r = 0.80, r = 0.43 and r = 0.41, for the same variables. The wind speed variable had a negative effect of r = -0.38, and the temperature had a negative effect of r = -0.13. We observed that climatic conditions are variables conditioning the development of insect infestation in the tomato crops studied. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Integrated pest management, horticulture, food, agriculture.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"13 1","pages":"71-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/sre2018.6566","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46799949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteriophages and phage products: Applications in medicine and biotechnological industries, and general concerns","authors":"M. Belay, T. Sisay, Tesfaye Wolde","doi":"10.5897/SRE2017.6546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2017.6546","url":null,"abstract":"Since their discovery in 1928 antibiotics have transformed medicine and saved millions of lives; however, the current global appearance of antibiotic resistance and absence of new antibiotics commercialization to the health sector return to the post-antibiotic era. Today, scientists are working to revive a century old technique of using bacteriophage as an option to currently available antibiotics in management of bacterial pathogens (resistant or otherwise), and for other practical applications. Bacteriophages, specialist viral predator of bacteria, are considered to be among the most plentiful and diversified organisms in this world and were co-discovered in the early 1900s by Twort in 1915 and d’Herelle in 1917. Since then, phages were investigated by d’Herelle and others for their promising therapeutic role against medically important bacterial infections, and were commercially developed in the 1930s. However, the golden age of antibiotics, together with the scientific controversy regarding their use, the interest in phage therapy rapidly declined. As a mark of the transformed attention, the field of phage research, using intact phage and phage products, has broadened to focus on several different areas: and have been successfully applied in agriculture and food industry to control bacteria pathogens; for the detection of bacterial pathogens, as deliverance carriers for DNA and protein vaccines; and as agents for selection to libraries of proteins, antibodies (phage display). Despite these remarkable achievements, it is important to remember that phages are not infallible, and that there are real concerns that need to be addressed, like narrow host range, bacterial phage resistance, phage clearance in bodily fluids, side effects of bacterial lysis and virulence genes transfer. Up to date progress in biotechnology and synthetic biology can help conquer these methodological obstacles, and provide a more versatile approach for the current antibiotics resistance crisis. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Bacteriophages, biotechnological application, antibiotics resistance, phage products.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"13 1","pages":"55-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/SRE2017.6546","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47545838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image enhancement based on neuro-fuzzy gradient profile clustering","authors":"J. Ngernplubpla, O. Chitsobhuk","doi":"10.5897/SRE2018.6557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2018.6557","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a technique for image enhancement using Neuro-fuzzy based gradient profile generation to reconstruct the high resolution image from a single low resolution one. The natural gradient priors are collected and their statistics are analyzed and learned through Neuro-fuzzy model. The model adopts powerful data adaptation from neural network and combines with fuzzy system to enhance the ability in knowledge interpretation and explanation in terms of natural language. The triplet gradient profile is then generated as a result. The gradient profile results are used to regulate the Gaussian weighted sum filter in enhancement process. Then, all the weights were appropriately adapted according to gradient priors. From the experimental results, it can be seen that the proposed algorithm can greatly compensate the contrast and noise distortion in the low resolution image and demonstrate successful recovery of the high resolution image with quantitatively and perceptually performance improvement. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Image enhancement, super resolution, neuro-fuzzy clustering, gradient profile generation, gradient priors.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"13 1","pages":"42-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/SRE2018.6557","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44615401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}