{"title":"Indoor radon concentration levels in some selected offices at Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria and its attendant annual effective dose","authors":"M. Bashir, I.K. Suleiman, M.T. Kolo, A. Muhammad","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Although radon concentrations in outdoor environments are generally low, the indoor concentrations can become appreciably high thereby affecting the indoor air quality and causing some severe health challenges. Thirty (30) offices from the ground floor and first floor of some buildings within Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida (IBB) University campus, Lapai Nigeria, were randomly selected for indoor radon concentration (CRn) measurement using RAD7 continuous radon monitor. Annual effective dose was also computed to determine the level of public exposure. The results showed that radon concentration values for all the offices on the ground floor ranged between 9.6±2.7 Bqm−3 and 90.7±8.1 Bqm−3, with mean value of 28.5±4.8 Bqm−3 while the range of radon concentration at first floor was 2.5±1.4 Bqm−3 - 80.4±7.5 Bqm−3. All the measured indoor radon concentration levels were less than the 100 Bqm−3 action level proposed by World Health Organization (WHO). Average annual absorbed dose for both ground and first floors were 0.36±0.06 mSvy−1 and 0.24±0.05 mSvy−1 respectively, with corresponding mean annual effective dose of 0.86±0.15 mSvy−1 and 0.58±0.11 mSvy−1 in sequence. These values were below the 1.0 mSvy−1 safety limit set for public. Although the results did not suggest any immediate exposure threat to the public, it is important that the University staffs are adequately informed of indoor radon levels and its attendant health hazards. Improved and adequate ventilation of all the office buildings is highly encouraged in order to keep the radon levels as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA).","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of processing methods on the proximate and phytochemical constituents of <i>Moringa Oleifera</i> (Lamarck, 1785) leaves","authors":"A. Saidu, A. Abdulrahman, Z.I. Imam","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the presence of active phytochemical metabolites, Moringa oleifera a fast-growing deciduous plant provides protein, vitamins, and amino acids that enhance growth and treat illnesses. The aim of the study was to compare the proximate and phytochemical composition of Moringa oleifera leaves after air and sun drying. The leaves were sourced from Millennium City, Kaduna, Nigeria and sent to Kaduna State University's Biological Sciences Department for identification and authentication. A specimen number; KASU/BSH/754, was assigned and recorded. The leaves were divided into two groups and treated to air drying and sun drying after being cleaned in water to remove dust. The leaves were kept in a well-ventilated room at a temperature of 25±2oC for six days. Leaves were also exposed to direct sunshine for 3days. With a mortar and pestle, the treated leaves were pulverized before being analyzed for proximate and phytochemical components using standard techniques. The proximate analysis was evaluated using a method developed by the Association of Analytical Chemist. The proximate analysis of air dried leaves recorded 6.58±0.32 moisture content, 12.09±0.44 ash content, 24.5±0.62 crude protein, 8.70±0.35 crude lipid, 12.5±0.60 crude fibre and 35.7±2.45 carbohydrate. While sundried leaves produced 7.59±0.33 moisture content, 13.76±0.86 ash content, 24.4±0.13 crude protein, 8.98±0.18 crude lipid, 10.7±0.49 crude fibre and 34.6±0.65 carbohydrate. The qualitative analysis of the phytochemical constituents shows that there is high concentration of phytosterol, alkaloid and saponin, moderate concentration of flavonoid and low concentration of tannin for air dried leaves. While sundried leaves produced high concentration of only alkaloid and flavonoid. And low concentration of phytosterol, saponin and tannin. Statistical analysis shows that air drying is the most suitable method of processing Moringa oleifera leaves.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heart failure prediction framework using random forest and J48 with Adaboost algorithms","authors":"Ochim Gold, Agaji Iorshase","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Heart failure is a very serious condition in health sector globally. It has proven difficult and expensive to manage over the years even with some pre-existing prediction models that signal its occurrence. The predictive accuracies of the existing models are below impressive hence the need for better heart failure predictive models. This work developed two heart failure predictive models to contribute to the decrease in the mortality rate due to heart failure as well as assist patients and physicians in managing the condition. The models were Random Forest(RF) and J48 model with AdaBoost. The dataset for the work was collected from the Cleveland Hospital database. It has 13 attributes and 303 instances. The dataset was preprocessed before use and was converted to the CSV format usable in the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) software. The Agile Unified Process (AUP) methodology was adopted in this work the simulator for the work. The Simulator (web-based) was implemented using Python programming language and the Streamlit for python. The result of the models showed a 92.3% accuracy in prediction for the AdaBoosted J48 model and 89.2% for the Random Forest model. The results indicated that J48 with AdaBoost outperformed RF.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of the potentials of <i>Azotobacter</i> spp. as bioinoculants on the growth of potted maize plants","authors":"I.O Sule, T.O. Agbabiaka, B.K. Saliu, K.A. Ajijolakewu, R.F. Zakariyah","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i2.16","url":null,"abstract":"The use of chemical fertilizers in crop production has detrimental effects such as soil acidity and eutrophication. There is need for environmentally friendly approach in improving soil nutrients and agricultural productivity. This study aimed at the isolation of Azotobacter spp from the rhizosphere of crops and the use of these isolates as biofertilizer for the growth of potted maize plants under 5 treatments. These treatments were maize plant only (control), plant with once application of NPK fertilizer, plants with once, weekly and fortnights application of Azotobacter spp. as bio-inoculants. The counts of Azotobacter obtained from the rhizosphere of the crops ranged from 4.0 × 104 – 1.0 × 106 CFU/g. The three high ranking in-vitro biological nitrogen fixing and phosphate solubilization isolates were identified A. chroococcum, A. vinelandii and A. beijerinckii. At the 7th weeks of growth, 83.3 and 100% of the plants that received different levels of bio-inoculants had the perimeter of their girths greater than and significantly different from the controls when cultivated in 8.1 and 12.0 litre pots respectively. At least 91.7% of the plants that received bio-inoculants had higher heights than the controls. It is concluded that the application of Azotobacter bio-inoculants enhanced the growth of maize plants compared to the contro","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated dual axis solar tracker using a single tracking motor","authors":"Percy Okae, Osman Muntaka Raji, Jude Lade","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Solar energy is generally available in copious amounts globally and as a renewable energy resource, its importance now and in the future cannot be gainsaid. However, optimizing the rays of the sun by utilizing photovoltaic (PV) systems and aligning solar panels in a particular direction with regards to the sun’s rays always present their own challenges. Solar heating, molten salt power plants, and artificial photosynthesis are all examples of ever-evolving technologies that harness the sun's radiant light and heat for electrical energy. Solar trackers aim solar panels or modules directly at the sun. In this paper, a solar tracking system using Arduino is built. This system captures free solar energy, stores it in a battery, and then transforms it to the appropriate alternating current. It allows the energy to be used as a standalone power source in ordinary households. This system is built to adapt to its surroundings as quickly as possible. The system ensures that any software and hardware issues are minimized or wholly removed. Our system is put through its paces in terms of real-time responsiveness, reliability, stability, and security. Weather, temperature, and mild mechanical stresses are all factors that our system is built to withstand. The solar tracking system is the most effective technology to improve the efficiency of solar panels by tracking and following the sun's movement. With the help of this system, solar panels can improve the way of sunlight detection so that more electricity can be collected as solar panels can maintain a sunny position. Thus, this paper discusses the development of two-axis solar-tracking development using Arduino Uno as the principal controller of the system.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studies on the industrial applications of limestone samples from three geographical regions in Nigeria: Ashaka, Mfamosing, and Nkalagu","authors":"Prince Michael, Uche John Chukwu","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i3.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i3.20","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical properties of limestone have been the subject of several studies in recent years, highlighting its importance in various industrial applications. The present study focuses on six limestone samples from three geographical regions in Nigeria (Ashaka, Mfamosing, and Nkalagu). The analyses of their chemical composition using the Loss on Ignition Test and X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry was successfully carried out. Results of the study show that CaO is the main component, comprising between 60.054 % and 78.632 % of the samples. Values of Loss of Ignition (LOI) ranged from 30.820 % to 33.280 % while SiO2 composition ranged between 5.095 % to 12.238 %. Other oxides detected, include Al2O3 and Fe2O3, which make up less than 1 % of the composition. Obtained values were compared to Limestone standards for various industries and findings indicate that the Ashaka, Mfamosing, and Nkalagu limestone samples are of high purity and suitable for use in various industrial fields, including the steel industry, manufacture of bleaching powder, manufacture of calcium carbide, sugar industry, textile manufacture, cement industry, agricultural practice (soil liming), and flue gas desulphurization. Thus limestone deposits from Ashaka, Mfamosing, and Nkalagu has more potential and application uses beyond cement production which they are currently used for","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136254674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices on water, sanitation and hygiene in Zaria Local Government Area, Kaduna State","authors":"T.E. Handan, Maimuna A. Ahmed, Shekari Victor, Shamsudeen Umar, Davou Habila Daze","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i3.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i3.15","url":null,"abstract":"Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) are relevant concerns for sustained and effective implementation of WASH programs. This research was conducted in Zaria Local Government Area (LGA), Kaduna State to Assess the KAP on WASH to avail reliable data for informed interventions. 174 randomly selected households were interviewed. The result reveals four main sources of drinking water, viz borehole (31%), well (19%), pipe-borne (13.1%) and water packaged in sachet (24.7%). The result shows that 34.5% of households dispose solid waste through unauthorized waste collectors, 16.1 % use authorized collectors, 17.2% at public approved dumpsite, 16.1% at unapproved dump sites, 16.1% by burning, 4% bury their waste and 4% dispose waste in open water bodies/ways/drainages. The results shows that 30.5% of households have modern water closets, 42.8 % use pit latrine, and 11.5 % use public toilets. Based on the findings, it is evident that there is high accessibility of improved water to households, availability of improved toilet facility is also high, but waste management practice is poor. In conclusion, Zaria LGA is in need of WASH interventions especially as regards waste management. It is recommended that efforts should be made to intensify awareness about WASH.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136358633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N.S. Gin, D.S. Buteh, P.J. Manga, S. Daniel, Y.G. Ranga, H. Abdulmumini, A. SarkinNoma, B. Dangana, A.B. Alhassan
{"title":"The effectiveness of natural adsorbent for removal of dye using two isotherm models","authors":"N.S. Gin, D.S. Buteh, P.J. Manga, S. Daniel, Y.G. Ranga, H. Abdulmumini, A. SarkinNoma, B. Dangana, A.B. Alhassan","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i3.2","url":null,"abstract":"The low-cost and more efficient adsorbents of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) are charcoal, bark; leave and root were investigated for its optimistic de-colorization of wastewater containing a dye. The effect of various parameters such as contact time, pH, temperature and adsorbent dosage has been carried out in this study. Two isotherm models were developed for compliance with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. The results of the goodness fit test based on Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), R2 for Langmuir and Freundlich models were given as, for pH (0.9745 – 0.99919), (0.4831 – 0.9999) for Adsorbent Dose is (0.9034 – 0.9221), (0.4689 – 0.9884) for contact time (0.9494 – 0.9513), (0.4677 – 0.9990) and temperature (0.9264 – 0.9349), (0.3755 – 0.5849) respectively. Both models were found to be best fit on decolorization of dye with contact time, pH, temperature and adsorbent dosage. pH 5 value indicated that adsorbent was effective in the removal of dye.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136358636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Physicochemical characterization of Copper Ore from Akiri, Awe LGA, Nasarawa State","authors":"A. Taofeek, I.A. Amos","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i3.7","url":null,"abstract":"The bulk density, compressional strength, hardness, particle study and chemical analysis of ore from Akiri were determined using standard methods and Energy Dispersive x-ray Fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRFS). The results obtained indicated that the ore bulk density was 3.58 (g/cm3 ), compressional strength 1.24 (%), and hardness 96.0(N). The particle size analysis of +0-90µm, +125-90µm, and +125-180µm, revealed over-size fractions above 250µm.The chemical composition of the ore in terms of oxide showed that the ore is composed of different minerals: 63.52% Fe2O3, 11.25% SO3, 7.62% CuO, 4.30% MOO3, 3.18% SiO2, 1.73% BaO,1.20% ZnO,1.12% MnO,0.86% PbO,0.60% Re2O7, 0.54% Eu2O3and CaO, 0.27% RuO2, 0.15% Cr2O3, 0.09% K2O, 0.08% Yb2 O3, 0.06% SrO, and TiO2, 0.04% Nd2O3, and CeO2, 0.03% Y2O3 and NiO respectively. The results of the elemental composition varied in the copper ore with an indication of a significant concentration of Cu compared to other elements, except Fe which showed a higher concentration. The value 35.% Fe, 6.10% Cu, 4.48% S, 3% Mo, 1.55% Ba, 1.48% Si, 1% Zn and Pb, 0.90% Mn, 0.5% Re, 0.45 Eu, 0.40% Ca, 0.21% Ru, 0.10% Cr, K, and Yb,0.04% Ti, Ni, Y, and Sr, 0.03 % Nd, and Ce obtained represent the individual elemental content in the ore. The result is an indication that the ore can be explored for the processing of valuable minerals.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136359848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Isyaku, J. Bello, H.N. Aliyu, T. Abubakar, M. Imam
{"title":"Synthesis, spectroscopic determination and in vitro antimicrobial studies of cobalt(ii) and nickel(ii) complexes of a Schiff base derived from 1h-indole-2,3- dione with hydrazinecarbothioamide","authors":"S. Isyaku, J. Bello, H.N. Aliyu, T. Abubakar, M. Imam","doi":"10.4314/swj.v18i3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Condensation of H-Indole-2,3-dione with Hydrazinecarbothioamide produced a Schiff base (2Z)-2-(2-Hydroxy-3H-indol-3- ylidinehydrzinE- 1-Carbothioamide. Cobalt(II) and Nickel(II) complexes, were prepared by the interaction of the metal(II) salts with the synthesized Schiff base. The prepared compounds were analysed by magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance, FTIR, AAS, solubility absorbance and empirical formula. The complexes showed moderate values of decomposition temperatures. Infrared spectral data of the Schiff base and the complexes, indicated coordination of the Schiff base to the metal(II) ions via azomethine nitrogen, indole oxygen and thione sulphur. The effective magnetic moment of the complexes suggested an octahedral geometry. The molar conductivities indicated a non- electrolytic nature of these complexes. The results of the absorbance and the empirical formula showed that, the Schiff base is monobasic and tridentate in nature towards the metal ions. Both the ligand and the complexes were screened for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli (bacteria); Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucor (indicus species) (fungi). Amoxicillin and Ketoconazole were used as positive control for the bacteria and fungi isolates respectively. The results showed that the complexes are more active than the free ligand but less active when compared with the standards.","PeriodicalId":21583,"journal":{"name":"Science World Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136358640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}