Russian Journal of Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of synthetic analogue of ZP2 peptide, an active center of GM-CSF, upon antilysozyme activity of Candida","authors":"O. A. Pashinina, O. L. Kartashova, T. M. Pashkova, V. Gritsenko","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-9645-eos","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-9645-eos","url":null,"abstract":"Our aim was to analyze the effects of the ZP2 peptide, a synthetic analogue of active center of GM-CSF, upon antilysozyme activity (ALA) of Candida. \u000032 vaginal isolates of Candida spp were used in the work. Five species have been isolated from the vaginal secretions of the conditionally healthy pregnant women taken within a screening program. To study the effect of ZP2 on the ALA of the Candida fungi, the fungal cells were co-cultured with a ZP2 solution in Saburo broth medium at 37 oC for 24 hours. Thereafter, ALA of fungi was determined by photometric method. \u0000It was found that the ZP2 peptide caused a decreased expression of ALA of vaginal Candida spp. Isolates, i.e., loss of ALA in the isolates of C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krusei and some isolates of C. albicans, as well as a decreased level of ALA in C. kefir and other C. albicans isolates. Thus, the synthetic analogue of ZP2 peptide (active center of GM-CSF) showed an inhibitory effect upon the antilysozyme activity of Candida.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76062827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow cytometry analysis of PD1 expression on rat blood CD3+ lymphocytes stimulated by CD3 antibodies","authors":"T. Khramova, Liubov V. Beduleva, K. Fomina, N. Abisheva","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-9639-fca","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-9639-fca","url":null,"abstract":"The role of the PD-1/PD-L signaling pathway in the regulation of the immune response is currently the focus of research. Numerous studies have shown the key role of PD-1 molecules in the regulation of autoimmune, antitumor and antiviral reactions. The culture of rat and mice lymphocytes, as well as animal experimental models of immunopathologies are widely used in research. However, rat lymphocytes are almost not used to study the PD-1/PD-L pathway. There is no data on PD-1 expression or methods of its induction on rat lymphocytes. In human T-lymphocyte culture, PD-1 expression can be induced by NIB1412 anti-CD3 antibodies coated in the well of culture plates. In this study, we investigated the effect of G4.18 anti-CD3 antibody on PD-1 expression in peripheral blood lymphocyte of intact Wistar rats in vitro. According to some literature data, G4.18 anti-CD3 antibodies in immobilized form can activate isolated rat T cells, and according to others, inhibit allogeneic reactions in mixed lymphocyte culture and block cytotoxicity of cells obtained from rats with a developed graft rejection reaction. We found that incubation of rat blood lymphocytes with G4.18 anti-CD3 antibodies immobilized on plastic leads to a change in cell morphology and induction of PD-1 on CD3+ lymphocytes. After incubation with anti-CD3 antibodies, the proportion of PD-1+ lymphocytes among CD3+ lymphocytes was 12.056.04%, which is significantly higher than the proportion of such cells before incubation and during incubation in a cultural medium, which amounted to 2.602.62% and 4.595.81%, respectively. In the dot-plot graphs showing the distribution of cells according to the parameters of forward scatter and side scatter, PD-1+CD3+ lymphocytes induced by anti-CD3 antibodies are localized in the region of relatively lower forward scatter and greater side scatter. Perhaps these cells belong to apoptotic cells.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86354693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in prediction of the effectiveness of biologics in children with psoriasis","authors":"Daria G. Kuptsova, T. Radygina, E. V. Freidlin, O. Kurbatova, N. Murashkin, S. Petrichuk","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-9633-rom","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-9633-rom","url":null,"abstract":"Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by increased proliferation of epidermal cells, impaired keratinization, and an inflammatory reaction in the dermis due to activation of T-lymphocytes and synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. Pathophysiology of psoriasis is associated not only with activation of proinflammatory reactions, but also with decreased anti-inflammatory functions of immunosuppressive cells. It is known that Treg, Breg and MDSCs do not perform their classical homeostatic functions in psoriasis. In recent years, there have been more and more cases of developing resistance to ongoing therapy with genetically engineered biological drugs (GEBD) in childhood, requiring replacement or discontinuation of the drug. The aim of our work was to estimate the content of MDSCs subpopulations and their functional activity in the peripheral blood of children with psoriasis at different effectiveness of biotherapeutic drugs. We examined 110 children with psoriasis vulgaris before the appointment of biologics, at 16 and 52 weeks of therapy with adalimumab, etanercept and ustikinumab, aged 6 to 18 years. Сomparison group consisted of 34 healthy children. The effectiveness of therapy was assessed by the achievement of PASI 75 by one year of therapy. Contents of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and their subpopulations, and the activity of arginase-1 were assessed by multicolor flow cytometry. An increased content of MDSCs was found in children with psoriasis against the comparison group (p = 0.000). Analysis of the effectiveness of biologics in children with psoriasis, according to PASI, showed a significant reduction in disease severity in the group of patients with good effect, both at week 16 of therapy (p = 0.000) and by one year (p = 0.017). In the group of patients with good effect of biological therapy, percentage of total MDSCs population was higher, both before start of treatment and by 52nd week of therapy (p 0.01). Children with psoriasis showed increased immunosuppressive function of MDSCs by arginase-1 activity versus the comparison group (p = 0.000). The arginase-1 activity in patients with psoriasis at the stage of disease regression (PASI 10) was significantly increased relative to children in progressive stage of psoriasis (PASI10; p = 0.001). Thus, the content of MDSCs and their suppressive activity in children with psoriasis is an informative efficiency predictor of the biological drugs. Fading of biotherapy effect after the induction course is accompanied by decreased number of MDSCs and their functional activity.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86753454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of passive and active myostimulation for the changing levels of some cytokines","authors":"Rustam R. Ahmetyanov, Evgenia V. Davydovа, A. Sabiryanov, I. L. Shcherbakova","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-9907-rop","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-9907-rop","url":null,"abstract":"Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee joint is complicated by development of arthrogenic muscle inhibition due to disregulating afferent influences on the excitability of the spinal and supraspinal tracts. The aim of our work was to study electromyography parameters, and myokine levels in the course of myostimulation in traumatic ACL injury. \u000028 male athletes with traumatic ACL injuries participated in the study. On admission to the clinic, all patients underwent electromyographic examination of the injured limb by the means of Viking Quest EMG/ EP apparatus (Nicolet, USA). Some patients, 10 days before starting the surgical treatment, underwent passive electrical myostimulation (EMS) of the quadriceps femoris muscle using the INTELECT Advanced device (Chattanooga (DJO), USA). Further on, all patients underwent arthroplasty using a Karl Storz arthroscope (Germany). In the postoperative period, during immobilization for 2-weeks, the patients received EMS. After removing the orthosis, the patients switched to active training. The cytokine levels were studied using ELISA reagent kits from Vector-Best, Novosibirsk (IL-6), or from Cloud-Clone Corp. (China) for TGF1assays. Statistical processing of the material was carried out using the Statistica package. vers.10.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA). \u0000The highest average amplitude (V) was recorded by electromyography in healthy individuals. In patients of the main group, significantly lower values of the average amplitude were recorded. After a 10-day EMS, a significant increase to the reference values of healthy individuals was noted. In the postsurgical dynamics, EMG indicators without EMS treatment remained at the same low levels. Meanwhile, the values following EMS treatment were comparable with those in healthy individuals, thus reflecting a faster and better muscle recovery after injury. The levels of IL-6 and TGF-1 cytokines (myokines) significantly exceeded the initial levels in the course of EMS. The biological significance of increased IL-6 levels during the muscle exercise may consist the activation of AMP kinase and/or phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase at the level of skeletal muscles thus providing more efficient supply of energy substrate to the muscles. TGF-1 promotes fibroblast proliferation, thus increasing collagen content. \u0000Passive and active EMS leads to an improvement in electromyography parameters, along with increased concentration of myokines (IL-6 and TGF-1) in peripheral blood, thus promoting improvement of energy balance, increasing the anti-inflammatory and repair potential of the damaged tissues.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88988345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a model immunofiltration assay using a conjugate based on horseradish peroxidase","authors":"Mariya D. Kropaneva, P. Khramtsov, Mariya S. Bochkova, M. Rayev","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-8003-doa","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-8003-doa","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to optimize the conditions for a model immunoassay in the immunofiltration format using diagnostic reagents based on horseradish peroxidase. Residual blood serum samples from patients in the red zone with a verified diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection were used as positive sera, and blood sera obtained before 2019 were used as negative samples. The procedure of immunofiltration analysis was carried out using a pool of negative and positive blood sera. Studies were carried out to optimize the analysis procedure and increase the significant characteristics of the test. Results. It has been shown that the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate to a final concentration of 50 M in the substrate buffer makes it possible to achieve a higher analytical signal and a stable result 10 minutes after the end of the analysis procedure. Such conditions of immunofiltration analysis as dilutions of the diagnostic reagent, the volume of the introduced sample and the amount of the S-protein of the coronavirus applied to the nitrocellulose membrane were optimized. It has been determined that using immunofiltration analysis it is possible to detect antibodies against the coronavirus S-protein in a dilution of a serum sample of more than 1/1000. The results of immunofiltration analysis reproduce the results of ELISA.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91531187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phases of systemic inflammation in septic and haemorrhagic shocks","authors":"Liliya V. Solmatina, N. Zotova, Yu. A. Zhuravleva, A. Brazhnikov, E. Gusev","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-9974-pos","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-9974-pos","url":null,"abstract":"Shocks of different origin (both septic and aseptic) be be considered clinical equivalents of systemic inflammation (SI) with following main manifestations : pronounced hypercytokinemia, other markers of systemic inflammatory response (SIR), coagulopathy, multiple organ failure (MOF), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) distress, systemic tissue alteration. In general, these phenomena are directly and inversely related to systemic microcirculatory disturbances which determine the pathogenesis of distinct shock states. The aim of our study was to identify the features of SI phases in the development of two variants of septic shock, i.e., acute course (first week of the process) and prolonged/subacute sepsis (2 to 6 weeks from the onset of manifestations), as well as haemorrhagic shock studied 4-12 hours from the onset of massive blood loss. To verify the SI phases, we used the previously proposed SI scale, including the value of six SIR levels (RL-0-5), as well as additional criteria of SI, i.e., evaluation of clinical MOF grade (SOFA scale), plasma D-dimers ( 500 ng/mL), cortisol ( 1380 nmol/mL), tissue alteration markers, e.g., myoglobin ( 800 ng/mL) and/or troponin I ( 0.2 ng/mL). To calculate RL in SIR, plasma CRP and four cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF) were determined. The presence of SI was established if the SI scale exceeded 5 points (numerical RL values + presence of additional criteria, each equal to 1 point). The time and severity of the developing critical state, as well as the RL scores, were taken into account when reviewing the phases. \u0000There were three main SI phases: (1) evolving condition, (2) cytokine storm/phlogogenic hit (SD-4-5), and depressive (exhausting) phase. The latter was characterized by relatively low SIR values (RL-2-3). The lethality rate for shock in the presence of acute sepsis (n = 13) was 71.4%, reaching 94.1% in prolonged sepsis (n = 17). For haemorrhagic shock after massive blood loss, if not resolved within 24 hoursm the mortality rates was 53.8% (n = 13). Development of shock in acute sepsis, and haemorrhagic shock (within 4 to 12 hours after the onset of massive blood loss) is accompanied by the severity of critical-phase cytokine storm/PPS with a predominance of RL-5 in cases of lethal outcomes, and by a depression phase (RL-2-3) in prolonged sepsis. Overall mortality (for all groups) was 66.7% in the PS phase, 89.5% in the depressive phase and 15.4% in the evolvingl phase of haemorrhagic shock (with possible transition from this phase to the more critical SI phases until lethal outcome). \u0000Shock states of both septic and aseptic origin are based on a typical pathological process of SI, which should be distinguished from the signs of SIR characteristic of high-intensity canonical inflammation. It is characterized by higher cytokinemia (cytokine storm phase) or by the presence of additional SI phenomena with relatively moderate SIR levels (depressive SI phase). Thus, the depressive phase of SI is more ","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88473995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of the phagocyte effector indexes and effect of local cytokine therapy on their parameters in inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region","authors":"L. Latyushina, L. Y. Malysheva, A. V. Piotrovich, Elena Berezhnaya, Anastasia V. Lapteva","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-8690-cot","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-8690-cot","url":null,"abstract":"Odontogenic inflammatory diseases and injuries take a leading place in the structure of surgical dental pathology. They often proceed with inflammatory complications. The aim of the present work was to analyze the effector indexes of phagocytic cells at the local area of inflammation (secretions from purulent wounds, tooth socket and mixed saliva), and to evaluate the effect of topical cytokine therapy on the studied parameters in patients with inflammatory dental diseases (chronic periodontitis, odontogenic phlegmon) complicated by mandibular fractures. As a part of a two-stage research, 236 people were comprehensively examined, divided into groups depending on their clinical disease and method of treatment. This group included 74 patients (classified as K 04.5 K 04.9), divided into subgroups by the types of periodontitis (chronic fibrous, granulating and granulomatous form); 102 patients with phlegmon (classified as L03.2, K12.2), who, at the second stage of basic therapy, received topical cytokine treatment with betaleukin (recombinant IL- 1) and roncoleukin (recombinant IL-2). Fifty patients with fractures of the lower jaw (classified as S 02.6) underwent immunotherapy with betaleukin at the second stage of treatment. Examination of patients with inflammatory dental diseases at the first stage of study and analysis of the effector indexes of neutrophilic granulocytes and macrophages from the local inflammatory foci revealed some immunological predictive signs of lacking efficiency of the inflammatory response, manifesting as aberrant functional activity of phagocytes, e.g., inhibition of all studied parameters along with sufficiently reduced functional reserve of phagocytic cells in the patients with phlegmon; high ability to produce reactive oxygen species with a decreased functional reserve of neutrophils in the patients with fractures, and signs of activated chronic inflammation in the patients with periapical lesions. The second stage of our research associated with topical therapy with recombinant cytokines and analysis of the obtained data, ebabled us to detect different effects of drugs on the studied parameters and register the integral effect of immunotherapy, which represents normalization of altered functional indexes. Hence, the data obtained may indicate that, in patients with inflammatory processes in the maxillofacial region, a higher adaptive effector potential of phagocytes was formed at the affected focus following the topical cytokine therapy.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79724639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Content of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in autoimmune diseases in children","authors":"T. Radygina, Daria G. Kuptsova, S. Petrichuk, A. Potapov, N. Murashkin, L. M. Abdullaeva, O. Kurbatova, V. Tsvetkova","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-10044-com","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-10044-com","url":null,"abstract":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important role in regulation of immune response. An increase in their number in adult patients with autoimmune diseases has been reported. G-MDSCs, M-MDSCs, and MDSCs(M-G-) at different stages of autoimmune disease may both activate T cell proliferation, leading to disease progression, or inhibit it, thus promoting Treg differentiation. Arginase-1 (Arg- 1) is an enzyme in MDSCs that reduces the concentration of arginine required for T lymphocyte proliferation. Our aim was to evaluate the content of MDSCs populations and functional activity of MDSCs in children with autoimmune diseases. 75 children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), 60 children with multiple sclerosis (MS), 69 children with psoriasis (PS), 62 healthy age-matched children were included into the study. The content of MDSCs ((CD3, CD19, CD56, HLA-DR)-, CD11b+ and CD33+), subpopulations of MDSCs (M-MDSCs, G-MDSCs expressing CD14 and CD15), assessment of Arg-1 activity were performed by flow cytometry techniques. The content of MDSCs in patients with IBD, MS and PS was significantly higher than in the comparison group and depended on the state of exacerbation/remission. In exacerbation and remission of IBD, MS and PS, a significant increase of MDSCs was revealed when compared with healthy children; the highest values were found in children in exacerbation of MS (Me-3.5 (2.5-5.6) % MNC against Me-1.6 (0.9-2.5) % MNC, p 0.001). In patients with MS, the content of G-MDSC, M-MDSC was significantly higher, and MDSC(M-G-) was lower than in healthy children. An increase in absolute amounts of G-MDSCs was shown in MS exacerbation compared to the disease remission state (p = 0.022). For patients with IBD, a significant increase in percentage of MDSCs and M-MDSCs (p = 0.014 and p = 0.045, respectively) was obtained in exacerbation of the disease relative to remission state. In patients with IBD, MS, and PS, a significant increase in Arg-1 activity in MDSCs was found, with a decreased number of MDSCs in patients in remission compared to exacerbation phase of the disease. In children with autoimmune diseases, an increase in the MDSC populations was found. The activity of arginase-1 in MDSCs is increased in remission, along with a decrease in their numbers.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77660018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some results of riamilovir (triazavirine) usage in medical staff for prevention and treatment of COVID-19","authors":"O. V. Berdiugina, Evgeniy Yu. Gusev","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-9410-sro","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-9410-sro","url":null,"abstract":"Riamilovir, a drug registered in Russia (chemical formula: methylthionitrooxodihydrotriazolotriazinide sodium, trade name: Triazavirin) is a synthetic analogue of guanine and a drug of direct antiviral action. Currently, there are conflicting data regarding usage of riamilovir as a preventive and therapeutic agent in coronavirus infections. The purpose of this study was to analyze some results of riamilovir usage, both for prevention of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and for the treatment of COVID-19 during the first wave of the new coronavirus pandemic. \u0000The analysis was based on a survey of 62 medical staff workers at a single medical institution in Ekaterinburg who was ill with COVID-19, being divided into 4 groups: (1) those who did not receive riamilovir (control), (2) persons who received riamilovir only as a disease prevention, (3) subjects who received the drug as a therapeutic agent, (4) those who received riamilovir before and during the disease. \u0000The data concerning usage of riamilovir for the prevention of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus have shown the following consequences: increased duration of hospitalization, an increased incidence of COVID-19 complications, i.e., fever, shortness of breath, pulmonary insufficiency, pneumonia, higher frequency of neurological disorders, which were not reported elsewhere. Severe clinical course of the disease was observed much more often in cases of prophylactic riamilovir administration, and the rehabilitation period was incomplete 2 months after the disease. Clinical symptoms of muscle and joint pain were documented at later terms in all persons who received riamilovir to prevent a new coronavirus infection. Usage of riamilovir for therapeutic purposes made it possible to avoid the development of pulmonary insufficiency, severe course of the infectious disease, and entirely restore the state of health. \u0000The study did not reveal the usefulness of riamilovir for prevention of COVID-19 complications when taking the drug before infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the use of riamilovir for therapeutic purposes prevents development of severe clinical cases and is associated with 4-fold reduced risk of pain in muscles, joints, and spine among the COVID-19 patients.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87266765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some immunological aspects of targeted therapy in polypous rhinosinusitis","authors":"M. Korkmazov, M. A. Lengina, I. Dubinets, Anna Yu. Kravchenko, Semyon V. Klepikov","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-8955-sia","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-8955-sia","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, targeted therapy with various monoclonal antibodies has become particularly relevant for the treatment of chronic polypous rhinosinusitis (PR). This is primarily due to the high incidence rate, polyetiological origin and pathogenetic features of polyposis development, low effectiveness of existing treatment approaches, the tendency for relapse, and comorbid conditions. The article provides a brief historical background concerning various predictors of the mucous membrane remodeling in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses at the stages of the polyposis formation thus justifying the need for implementation of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment schedules. Considering the leading role of Th2-inflammation in immunopathogenesis of developing polypous vegetations, the influence of targeted therapy upon treatment of chronic polypous rhinosinusitis is theoretically evaluated, and we highlight some important issues that should be further specified. Undoubtedly, inhibition of the synthesis of necessary interleukins leads to improvement in clinical symptoms and reduced size of polypous vegetations. At the same time, the real biochemical transformations of the nasal mucosa have been scarcely studied. E.g., an attempt to inhibit some cytokine may lead to indirect blockage of other pro-inflammatory cytokines. In future, it is necessary to study the pharmacodynamics of targeted drugs in order to clarify distinct contraindications to their use.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90153333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}