Rural and remote health最新文献

{"title":"Factors associated with early-career GPs' retention as independent specialists in former training practices.","authors":"Michael Tran, Alison Fielding, Dominica Moad, Amanda Tapley, Elizabeth Holliday, Jean Ball, Andrew Davey, Mieke van Driel, Kristen FitzGerald, Neil Spike, Michael Bentley, Catherine Kirby, Allison Turnock, Parker Magin","doi":"10.22605/RRH8808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH8808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Retention of general practice registrars in their training practices is important for addressing the GP workforce deficit and maldistribution of GPs. Given that rural and remote general practices are disproportionately affected by low retention, identifying the factors that promote retention may be as important as developing recruitment strategies in these areas. Quantifying the impact of relevant factors on registrar retention will enable a better understanding of how to incentivise retention and attenuate the loss of the rural workforce to other areas. We sought to establish the prevalence and associations of retention of general practice registrars in their training practices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This analysis was a component of the New alumni Experience of Training and independent Unsupervised Practice (NEXT-UP) study: a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study of early-career GPs in conjunction with evaluation of data contemporaneously recorded as part of vocational training. Participants were former registrars of three regional training organisations delivering general practice training in New South Wales, Tasmania, the Australian Capital Territory and Eastern Victoria, who had attained Fellowship of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners or the Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine between January 2016 and July 2018. The outcome measured was whether the registrar had previously worked at their current practice during vocational training. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association between relevant explanatory variables and the outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 354 alumni responded (response rate 28%), of whom 322 provided data regarding previous training practice retention, with 190 (59%) having previously worked at their current practice as registrars. Among respondents who reported currently working in a regional-rural practice location (n=100), 69% reported having previously worked at their current practice during training. GPs were more likely to be retained by a practice they had trained at if it was of lower socioeconomic status (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73-0.91), p<0.001 for each decile of socioeconomic status) and if the practice provided two or more of home visits, nursing home visits or after-hours services (aOR 4.29 (95%CI 2.10-8.75), p<0.001). They were less likely to be retained by the practice if training was completed in a regional-rural area (aOR 0.35 (95%CI 0.17-0.72), p=0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regional-rural training location is associated with reduced odds of subsequent retention of general practice registrars. This is occurring despite significant government investment in expansion of general practice training in regional and rural areas. The practice factor most strongly associated with GP retention was the provision of out-of-practice and after-ho","PeriodicalId":21460,"journal":{"name":"Rural and remote health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online SMART Recovery mutual-help groups: a comparison of the characteristics and experiences of men living in rural and urban regions of Australia.","authors":"Katinka van de Ven, Frank P Deane, Peter J Kelly, Briony Larance, Alison K Beck","doi":"10.22605/RRH8861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH8861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Harms arising from alcohol and other drug (AOD) use are disproportionately felt by men living in rural locations. The detrimental impact of AOD use is compounded by a range of barriers to help-seeking. Online recovery support services (including mutual-help groups) are increasingly used to reach people who might not otherwise seek support for AOD use. Scant research examines the experiences of men attending online mutual-help groups, with the little available evidence focused on 12-step approaches and people living in urban areas. This short communication compared the characteristics and experiences of rural and urban men attending online Self-Management and Recovery Training (SMART Recovery) mutual-help groups in Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A link to a voluntary online questionnaire was automatically provided at the end of each online group as part of routine data collection. Questions assessed participants' demographics, main reason for attending, engagement, experiences and perceived utility of the group. This study is a secondary analysis examining data provided by male attendees located in rural (n=259) and urban (n=996) areas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Alcohol use for both rural and urban attendees (73% v 66.8%) was the most frequently reported reason for attending SMART Recovery groups. Rural attendees were older than their urban counterparts (p<0.001) and were less likely to endorse 'other' drug use as a reason for attending (28.6% v 16.6%, p<0.001). Participants reported a high level of satisfaction with online SMART Recovery groups. No significant differences were found between the two groups. Rural and urban men reported that they felt welcome (93.1% v 95.1%) and supported (90% vs 92.5%), had the opportunity to contribute to discussions (91.5% v 92.1%), and felt the group was well facilitated (91.1% v 94.4%). Rural and urban attendees also experienced the groups as helpful (88.8% v 91.8%), took away practical strategies (86.5% v 85.2%) and planned to continue to attend the groups in the future (91.1% v 92.3%). Around a quarter of rural (20.8%) and urban (27.0%) attendees experienced technical difficulties during the meeting.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>This study contributes new knowledge regarding similarities and differences in the experience of online SMART Recovery groups from the perspective of men living in rural and urban areas. Despite around a quarter of participants experiencing technical difficulties, their self-reported engagement, experience and perceived utility of the online group were highly rated. Online recovery support services provide a promising option for reaching men who experience issues with their AOD use, particularly in rural areas where access to face-to-face services is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":21460,"journal":{"name":"Rural and remote health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards the new primary care reform in Greece: a focus on patients' expectations, views and perceptions from rural healthcare centres.","authors":"Charikleia Vova-Chatzi, Emmanouil Symvoulakis, Christina Parpoula, Christos D Lionis","doi":"10.22605/RRH8816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH8816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patient perception of quality of care is an essential component in evaluating healthcare delivery. This article reports data from primary health care (PHC) centers before Greece's most recent PHC reform. The study was undertaken to offer some baseline information about patient experience, support the decision-making processes taking place, and provide valuable input for future policy-making comparisons in Greece.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research was conducted across the 16 PHC centers of Epirus, a region of north-western Greece, from June to September 2017, with 532 patients rating the importance of different aspects of three main healthcare domains (clinical behavior, support and services, and organization of care) of PHC provision. The Greek version of the European Task Force on Patient Evaluations of General Practice (EUROPEP) questionnaire was implemented for research purposes. Univariate comparisons were performed for patients with and without chronic disease, using Pearson's χ2 test for categorical data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Study findings support that the organization of care domain is of highest importance and priority, with clinical behavior and support and services following closely. Among recruited patients, on average, only 2.1% of patients with a chronic disease were satisfied (rated 4 or 5 on the Likert scale) with the organization of care aspects under consideration, compared to 18.4% of patients without a chronic disease. Furthermore, only 4% of patients with a chronic disease were satisfied with the aspects examined in the clinical behavior domain, compared to 27% of patients without a chronic disease. Finally, 18% of sampled patients with a chronic disease reported being satisfied with the quality of support and services provided, compared to 38% of patients without a chronic disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is necessary to back up available past information to afterwards estimate reform imprinting on expectations and perceptions. The items and aspects of EUROPEP, in line with the new tasks of the personal doctor within the PHC system that patients perceive as most essential, can be used to prioritize quality improvement activities to strengthen PHC delivery in Greece. Communication skills, practices, and behavioral change skills seem to need more attention for an efficient PHC model.</p>","PeriodicalId":21460,"journal":{"name":"Rural and remote health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What do nurses practising in rural, remote and isolated locations consider important for attraction and retention? A scoping review.","authors":"Catherine Holland, Christina Malatzky, Jerico Pardosi","doi":"10.22605/RRH8696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH8696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nurses play a vital role in the provision of health care in rural, remote and isolated locations. Consequently, the current global nursing workforce shortage has significant and far-ranging implications for these communities where there are enduring issues with workforce maldistribution and shortage, instability, high staff turnover and health disparities. This article provides an analysis of existing literature on what rural, remote and isolated practising nurses view as important for the attraction and retention of this workforce in the Australian context.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A structured scoping review informed by Arksey and O'Malley's framework for conducting scoping studies was undertaken. Six electronic databases were searched in August 2022. Cosgrave's person-centred retention improvement framework (which includes attraction) for addressing health workforce challenges in rural contexts was used to guide the synthesis and interpretation of information from the included studies. Key themes were identified inductively, conceptualised within Cosgrave's framework and mapped to the overarching lifecycle stages of attraction, retention and resignation, also referred to as turnover or decision to leave.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. Six themes related to attraction, retention and resignation were identified: (1) demanding role and scope of practice; (2) values divergence and professional opportunities; (3) continuing professional development and mentoring; (4) social, lifestyle and personal or family; (5) management and organisation; and (6) pay and incentives. The issues articulated within each of these themes overlapped, highlighting the complexities involved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Limited empirical research that combines a person-centred and whole-of-lifecycle approach to understanding the rural and remote nursing workforce was found. However, our analysis of existing evidence suggests that such approaches are required to appropriately plan for and target solutions that centre nurses' specific needs and experiences for the future nursing workforce. Relatedly, limited translational research on the nursing workforce that explicitly includes and engages with nurses was found. Such research is fundamentally needed to improve retention outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21460,"journal":{"name":"Rural and remote health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting women's wellbeing through the Niska (Goose) Harvesting Program in subarctic Ontario, Canada.","authors":"Fatima Ahmed, Aleksandra Zuk, Celine Sutherland, Roger Davey, Andrew Solomon, Eric Liberda, Leonard Js Tsuji","doi":"10.22605/RRH9055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH9055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Geese harvesting is a longstanding cultural tradition deeply ingrained among the Omushkego Cree in Fort Albany First Nation, embodying a holistic approach to health that integrates Indigenous knowledge, community wellbeing, and resilience. Despite historical disruptions stemming from colonization and assimilation policies, women have played a pivotal role in preserving and passing down traditional practices. The significance of goose harvesting extends beyond providing a nutrient-rich and cost-effective food source; it serves as a vehicle for cultural preservation and education, particularly fostering language acquisition among children. Nevertheless, concerns persist regarding the potential decline in the transmission of Indigenous knowledge. The interruption of intergenerational knowledge transfer not only poses implications for overall wellbeing but also worsens historical trauma within the community. In response to these challenges, the Niska (goose) harvesting program was developed with an aim to revitalize community harvesting practices, with a specific focus on incorporating the perspectives of women, especially in the preparatory and smoking phases of the geese.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Omushkego Cree women were approached to participate. The study was conducted during the spring of 2018, and employed photovoice and semi-structured interviews that explored the impact of geese preparatory activities on the health and wellbeing of Indigenous women.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Major themes from the qualitative data included the importance of knowledge sharing, cultural continuity, healing, and the profound connection to the land. Women emphasized the value of sharing acquired knowledge, passing on traditions, and maintaining a connection to their cultural identity. Cultural continuity, depicted through intergenerational teachings and experiences, emerged as crucial for overall wellbeing. Participants spoke of the healing dynamics derived from engaging in traditional activities, highlighting the positive impact on physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual wellbeing. The land was identified as a central element in this healing process, representing more than just a physical space but an extension of home, contributing to a sense of peace and tranquility. The land became a medium for transmitting cultural teachings, shaping identity, and sustaining a subsistence lifestyle.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study emphasizes the importance of future research including more female youth participants to uncover specific challenges and strengths within this demographic. Overall, the Niska program demonstrates a comprehensive approach that intertwines cultural revitalization, community engagement, and holistic wellbeing, emphasizing the need for interventions that go beyond immediate challenges to create enduring positive impacts on Indigenous communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":21460,"journal":{"name":"Rural and remote health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and factors associated with probable sarcopenia in southern Brazil: a population-based study.","authors":"Cristina Dos Santos Paludo, Tatiane Nogueira Gonzalez, Pedro San Martin Soares, Rodrigo Dalke Meucci","doi":"10.22605/RRH8711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH8711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There are few studies on probable sarcopenia in rural areas. This study aims to assess prevalence of probable sarcopenia and its associated factors in older adults living in the rural area of a municipality in southern Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study assessed data from the second wave of the EpiRural Cohort Study. Structured questionnaires, handgrip strength, gait speed, and anthropometric measurements were collected from 651 older adults. The criteria from the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 were used in this study. Chi-square test and logistic regression with robust variance were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prevalence of probable sarcopenia was 19.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 16.3-25.2%). Male sex (prevalence ratio (PR) 1.61; 95%CI 1.17-2.21), age &ge;80 years (PR 4.15; 95%CI 2.65-6.50), underweight (PR 1.90; 95%CI 1.23-2.93), diabetes mellitus (PR 1.80; 95%CI 1.20-2.73), and hospitalization in the past year (PR 2.00; 95%CI 1.36-2.91) were significantly associated with probable sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>One in five rural older adults have probable sarcopenia. Older adults living in rural areas need frequent measurements of muscle strength, and greater investments should be made to minimize the physical disability caused by sarcopenia among this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":21460,"journal":{"name":"Rural and remote health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initiatives and exposures associated with food security in remote and isolated communities: a scoping review.","authors":"Mallory Drysdale, Kelly Skinner, Calin Lazarescu, Alix Couture, Shelley Young, Leanne Idzerda","doi":"10.22605/RRH8627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH8627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic household food insecurity (HFI) and lack of food availability and accessibility in isolated communities are longstanding public health crises. This review aims to paint a more fulsome picture of food security initiatives in remote and isolated communities by examining programs across circumpolar countries, Australia, and Aotearoa New Zealand. This synthesis of research will contribute to an understanding of what types of initiatives exist and aid in the identification of best practices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors conducted a scoping review identifying articles that include either (1) an evaluation of an initiative with a quantitative food security outcome in remote and isolated communities, or (2) quantitative associations between exposure factors with food security outcomes. Inclusion criteria included English and French articles focused on remote and isolated communities in Canada, the US, Australia, New Zealand, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Greenland, and Russia from January 1997 to July 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The article search yielded 1882 results, of which 96 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, including 26 studies evaluating initiatives, 66 studies evaluating exposure factors, and four studies that included both initiatives and exposure factors. The majority of the studies included in this review were conducted in Canada and Australia. No initiative studies conducted in Russia, Greenland, Norway, Finland, or Sweden fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in this review. The most common types of initiatives evaluated included school-based programs, market subsidies, and education initiatives, though a small number (<5) of other programs were evaluated, including traditional food programs and greenhouses. Though multiple programs resulted in lower food costs or increases in healthy food consumption in remote regions, the cost of a healthy diet in these areas remained high, as do levels of HFI. Factors associated with improved food security outcomes included higher income level, access to adequate housing, higher education level, access to transportation for harvesting, and the level of remoteness of a community. The studies included in this review also stressed the importance of access to and affordability of harvesting traditional foods in these regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Those living in remote and isolated communities are particularly vulnerable to food insecurity and lack of access and availability of healthy foods, which are compounded by a variety of socioeconomic factors. This study highlights the lack of quantitative evaluations of food security initiatives in remote and isolated communities, as well as the wide variety in measured outcomes. Authors of several of the included articles note that community-led initiatives, with strong partnerships and local champions, were recommended in these populations, given the culturally and geographically diverse gr","PeriodicalId":21460,"journal":{"name":"Rural and remote health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining workplace safety for remote area nurses in Australia: a cross-sectional descriptive study.","authors":"Laura K Wright, Santosh Jatrana, David Lindsay","doi":"10.22605/RRH8465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH8465","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Australia's remote health sector has chronic understaffing issues and serves an isolated, culturally diverse population with a high burden of disease. Workplace health and safety (WHS) impacts the wellbeing and sustainability of the remote health workforce. Additionally, poor WHS contributes to burnout, high turnover of staff and reduced quality of care. The issue of poor WHS in Australian very remote primary health clinics was highlighted by the murder of remote area nurse (RAN) Gayle Woodford in 2016. Following her death, a national call for change led by peak bodies and Gayle's family resulted in the development of many WHS recommendations and strategies for the remote health sector. However, it is unclear whether they have been implemented. The aim of this study is to identify which WHS recommendations have been implemented, from the perspective of RANs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A cross-sectional online survey of 173 RANs was conducted during December 2020 and January 2021. The survey was open to all RANs who had worked in a very remote (MM 7 of the Modified Monash (MM) Model) primary health clinic in Australia more recently than January 2019. A convenience sampling approach was used. The survey tool was developed by the project team using a combination of validated tools and remote-specific workplace safety recommendations. Broad recommendations, such as having a safe clinic building, safe staff accommodation, local orientation, and 'never alone' policy, were broken down into specific safety criteria. These criteria were used to generate workplace safety scores to quantify how well each recommendation had been met, and clustered into the following domains: preparation of staff, safe work environment and safe work practices. Descriptive statistics were used and the safety scores between different states and territories were also compared.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Overall, the average national workplace safety score was 53% (standard deviation (SD) 19.8%) of recommendations met in participants' most recent workplace, with median 38.5% (interquartile range (IQR) 15.4-61.5%) of staff preparation recommendations, median 59.4% (IQR 43.8-78.1%) of safe work environment recommendations, and median 50.0% (IQR 30.0-66.7%) of safe work practices recommendations met. Within domains, some recommendations had greater uptake than others, and the safety scores of different states/territories also varied. Significant variation was found between the Northern Territory (57.5%, SD 18.7%) and Queensland (41.7%, SD 16.7%) (p&lt;0.01), and between South Australia (74.5%, IQR 35.9%) and Queensland (p&lt;0.05). Last, many RANs were still expected to attend after-hours call-outs on their own, with only 64.1% (n=107/167) of participants reporting a 'never alone' policy or process in their workplace.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The evidence from this study revealed that some recommended safety strategies had been impleme","PeriodicalId":21460,"journal":{"name":"Rural and remote health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Describing a medical school's rural activity footprint: setting selection and workforce distribution priorities.","authors":"Lara Fuller, Jessica Beattie, Vincent L Versace, Gary D Rogers, Matthew R McGrail","doi":"10.22605/RRH8316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH8316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>There is growing evidence supporting a shift towards 'grow your own' approaches to recruiting, training and retaining health professionals from and for rural communities. To achieve this, there is a need for sound methodologies by which universities can describe their area of geographic focus in a precise way that can be utilised to recruit students from their region and evaluate workforce outcomes for partner communities. In Australia, Deakin University operates a Rural Health Multidisciplinary Training (RHMT) program funded Rural Clinical School and University Department of Rural Health, with the purpose of producing a graduate health workforce through the provision of rural clinical placements in western and south-western Victoria. The desire to establish a dedicated Rural Training Stream within Deakin's Doctor of Medicine course acted as a catalyst for us to describe our 'rural footprint' in a way that could be used to prioritise local student recruitment as well as evaluate graduate workforce outcomes specifically for this region.</p><p><strong>Issue: </strong>In Australia, selection of rural students has relied on the Australian Statistical Geography Standard Remoteness Areas (ASGS-RA) or Modified Monash Model (MMM) to assign rural background status to medical course applicants, based on a standard definition provided by the RHMT program. Applicants meeting rural background criteria may be preferentially admitted to any medical school according to admission quotas or dedicated rural streams across the country. Until recently, evaluations of graduate workforce outcomes have also used these rurality classifications, but often without reference to particular geographic areas. Growing international evidence supports the importance of place-based connection and training, with medical graduates more likely to work in a region that they are from or in which they have trained. For universities to align rural student recruitment more strategically with training in specific geographic areas, there is a need to develop precise geographical definitions of areas of rural focus that can be applied during admissions processes.</p><p><strong>Lessons learned: </strong>As we strived to describe our rural activity area precisely, we modelled the application of several geographical and other frameworks, including the MMM, ASGS-RA, Primary Healthcare Networks (PHN), Local Government Areas (LGAs), postcodes and Statistical Areas. It became evident that there was no single geographical or rural framework that (1) accurately described our area of activity, (2) accurately described our desired workforce focus, (3) was practical to apply during the admissions process. We ultimately settled on a bespoke approach using a combination of the PHN and MMM to achieve the specificity required. This report provides an example of how a rural activity footprint can be accurately described and successfully employed to prioritise students from a geog","PeriodicalId":21460,"journal":{"name":"Rural and remote health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pretest-post-test evaluation with lay midwives in remote Guatemala after educational activities about COVID-19.","authors":"Kimberly S Garcia, Argelia Rodriguez, Zoila Gonzalez, Cheryl Armstrong, Eli Iacob, Emily E Flynn, Molly Simmons","doi":"10.22605/RRH8387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH8387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Guatemalan lay midwives are well-respected community leaders in a country that lacks the institutional capacity to meet healthcare needs related to pregnancy, newborns, and COVID-19. Thus, Guatemalan lay midwives, who attend the majority of births in their country and who attend most births at home, are in an optimal position to offer frontline support to pregnant women and newborns regarding the global pandemic. The primary objective of this program of study was to dispel myths about COVID-19 and to provide culturally relevant educational activities to low-literacy Guatemalan lay midwives about issues related to the virus, such as signs and symptoms, risks to the mother and fetus, which patients are most vulnerable, appropriate responses, benefits and side-effects of the vaccine, timing of the vaccine, how the virus interacts with breastfeeding, and breastfeeding recommendations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a partnership among the Guatemalan Ministry of Health, expert faculty at the University of Utah College of Nursing, and Madre y Ni&ntilde;o, a non-profit organization from the US, evidence-based educational activities about COVID-19 were offered orally in the native language of participants. Two hundred and ten lay midwives attended educational sessions at 11 locations throughout the remote Peten department. Educational activities included repetition, storytelling, and role plays. A pretest-post-test evaluation of 10 questions with 24 correct answers was used to determine if the educational activities changed lay midwife knowledge about COVID-19. Participants were given essential birth supplies and laminated COVID Reminder Cards, which were designed to increase visual literacy, to encourage knowledge retention after the educational sessions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants showed a significant increase in knowledge scores (possible 0-24) from prescores 7.09 (standard deviation (SD)=3.06) to 15.20 (SD=4.61), Student's t-test p<0.001. In addition, a significantly higher proportion of participants mistakenly thought COVID-19 passed through breast milk on the pretest (70.1%) compared to post-test (8.4%) (McNemar test, p<0.001). Regarding breastfeeding, 12.6% of participants knew on the pretest that women with COVID-19 who breastfeed should wear a mask and wash their hands compared to 74.3% of participants who knew these recommendations on the post-test (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p<0.001). Finally, 2% of participants knew on the pretest that pregnant women with COVID-19 should take a low-dose aspirin compared to 67% of participants on the post-test (χ&sup2; (1)=194.7, p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These essential primary care providers misunderstood many critical issues related to COVID-19, pregnancy, and newborns. Culturally relevant educational activities provided orally in the native language of participants dispelled myths about the virus and significantly improved lay midwi","PeriodicalId":21460,"journal":{"name":"Rural and remote health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}