Vidyodaya Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"Using a Machine Learning Approach to Model a Chatbot for Ceylon Electricity Board Website","authors":"D.N.M. Hettiarachchi, D.D.A. Gamini","doi":"10.31357/vjs.v26i01.6411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/vjs.v26i01.6411","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Customer support is one of the main aspects of the user experience for online services. However, the rise of natural language processing techniques, the industry is looking at automated chatbot solutions to provide quality services to an ever-growing user base. In Sri Lanka, Ceylon Electricity Board website is one of the largest websites that customers use always to get information about electricity services. Hence, a chatbot system is very essential in CEB website. This paper presents a study about implementing and evaluating of a chatbot model for CEB website. This study implements virtual conversation agent based on deep learning algorithm which is multilayer perceptron neural network and a special text dataset for conversations about CEB services. The conversation agent model is made by utilizing the natural language processing techniques to facilitate the processing of user messages. The output of this research is the response from the chatbot and identify the best testing method to get highest accuracy for chatbot model. The chatbot model achieves the highest accuracy with the number of epochs set to 2000 and the learning rate value of 0.01 on response context data training so that it gets 78.8% accuracy. \u0000Keywords: Natural language processing, chatbot, deep learning, multilayer perceptron neural network, Monte Carlo cross validation, k-fold cross validation","PeriodicalId":214405,"journal":{"name":"Vidyodaya Journal of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133116925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Fermentation for Bioethanol Production from sour Citrus aurantifolia Fruit Juice using Natural Palmyrah Toddy Yeast","authors":"E.J.S.B.A. Christy, R. Kapilan","doi":"10.31357/vjs.v26i01.6415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/vjs.v26i01.6415","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Large scale consumption of fossil fuel to meet the increasing demand causes adverse effects on the environment due to the emission of harmful greenhouse gases. The production of bioethanol from diverse fruit juices that are underutilized because of poor taste quality could be one of the alternative fuels to overcome the issues. The objective of the study was to produce bioethanol from sour Citrus aurantifolia fruit juice using palmyrah toddy yeast and to optimize the conditions to increase the bioethanol yield. The sour Citrus fruit juice was inoculated with palmyrah toddy yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae - 2g/L) in the fermentation media (100ml, sour Citrus fruit juice: distilled water = 1:3) composed of 10 g/L yeast extract, 10 g/L KH2PO4, 2 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 2 g/L peptone and 0.5 g/L MgSO4·7H2O and allowed for fermentation for 24 hours at room temperature. The amount of ethanol produced from the Citrus juice was 0.8% (V/V) after 24 hours of fermentation. In order to optimize the fermentation process for Citrus aurantifolia, a variety of experimental parameters were studied, including the type of nitrogen source (ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, and urea), inoculum size (0.4 to 1.0 g/100 mL), temperature (20 to 40 °C), rotation speed (50 to 250 rpm), concentration of raw fruit juice (5 to 100%), amount of urea (0.1 to 2.0 g/100 mL), carbon source (glucose, sucrose, maltose, and dextrose), amount of sucrose (1 to 20 g), pH of the medium (3.0 to 8.0), and incubation period (24 to 96 h). After conducting the experiments, it was found that using Citrus aurantifolia at 100% concentration resulted in significantly higher ethanol yields of 11.50%, which was 14.37 times higher than the non-optimized conditions. The highest yield was achieved when the fermentation was carried out at 35 °C for 24 h with an inoculum concentration of 0.5 g/100 mL, a rotation speed of 150 rpm, a pH of 4.0, 0.1 g/100 mL urea as the nitrogen source, and 10 g/100 mL sucrose as the carbon source. Large scale fermentation study using bioreactor should be done to determine whether this finding could be commercialized. \u0000Key words: Bioethanol, Fermentation, Palmyrah toddy yeast, Citrus fruit juice, Urea","PeriodicalId":214405,"journal":{"name":"Vidyodaya Journal of Science","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129261674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermo-optic coefficient of chemical vapor deposited graphene multilayers","authors":"Arpana Agrawal","doi":"10.31357/vjs.v26i01.6412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/vjs.v26i01.6412","url":null,"abstract":"Observation of strong inelastic light-matter interaction and large thermal conductivity of novel two-dimensional graphene has invigorated the present research. Herein, the thermo-optic coefficient of graphene multilayers is obtained from their nonlinear refraction coefficients calculated from Z-scan experiment in closed aperture geometry. The refractive optical nonlinearity was obtained employing a continuous wave He-Ne laser and occurs due to thermal lensing effect. The graphene multilayers behave as the diverging (concave) lens giving rise to self-defocusing effect leading to negative sign of refractive nonlinearity. Accordingly, a large negative thermo-optic coefficient (-2.43×10-3 K-1) inferred for the graphene multilayers suggests its utility for thermo-optic device applications. \u0000Keywords: Graphene, Optical Nonlinearity, Thermal lens, Self-defocusing, Thermo-optic coefficients","PeriodicalId":214405,"journal":{"name":"Vidyodaya Journal of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129541817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient analysis of local pumpkin varieties (Cucurbita spp.) grown in dry zone of Sri Lanka and development of a value-added product","authors":"K.O.G.H. Ruwanthika, M.L.A.M.S. Munasinghe, R.A.U.J. Marapana","doi":"10.31357/vjs.v26i01.6410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/vjs.v26i01.6410","url":null,"abstract":"  \u0000 \u0000Cucurbita spp. generally recognized as pumpkins in Sri Lanka, is a commonly grown vegetable in the dry and intermediate zones in the island. C. maxima and C. moschata are the highly popularized cucurbits and they include number of varieties including open pollinated varieties (OPVs), hybrid and imported varieties. The study was aimed to conduct a nutrient analysis of 7 pumpkin varieties collected from dry zone low country 1b (DL1b) agro-ecological region of Sri Lanka and development of a value-added product considering the nutrient composition of the varieties. The proximate, mineral composition and the antioxidant activity were evaluated using standard analytical methods and compared the varieties through one-way ANOVA. According to the study results in 100 g of pumpkin flesh powder, protein content was ranging from 28.33-28.86 g, carbohydrates from 49.68-51.93 g, fat content from 1.04-6.13 g, crude fibre from 2.19-10.94 g, Fe content from 4.11-7.76 mg, K content from 5055.49-8841.43 mg, Mg content from 96.0-337.02 mg and antioxidant activity from 145.10-147.10 mg AAE (Ascorbic acid equivalent) in the analysed pumpkin varieties in dry weight (DW) basis at 95 % confidence interval. As per results, the three varieties of C. maxima have expressed significantly higher values (p<0.05) during the nutrient analysis compared to the moschata varieties. For the development of the instant powdered drink as the value-added product, ‘Rajah’ which is a C. maxima variety was used considering its nutrient richness over the other tested varieties and due to its significantly higher (p<0.05) dispersibility (8.42 gcm-3), solubility (0.58 g), loose bulk density (0.43 gcm-3) and low wettability (8.27 s). Considering the overall acceptability rated as 3.80 out of 5 from the sensory evaluation, the instant drink made by supplementing cinnamon extract and stevia in 1:1 was finalized as the value-added product. The knowledge on the compositional and physical property variation among different varieties of pumpkin and the value addition information of pumpkin would be useful in future value additions which emphasize products’ nutritional and nutraceutical parameters. \u0000Key words: Cucurbita spp., Dry zone low country, Sri Lanka, Nutrient analysis, Value addition","PeriodicalId":214405,"journal":{"name":"Vidyodaya Journal of Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124363104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-frequency Noise Removal of Vintage Songs in Audio Cassettes using Signal Processing Techniques","authors":"M. M. P. M. Fernando, N. K. Kularathne","doi":"10.31357/vjs.v26i01.6416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/vjs.v26i01.6416","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000From 1960 to the early 2000s, the audio cassette was one of the three most used storage devices for prerecorded music, alongside gramophone records (LPs) and compact discs (CDs). A compact cassette consists of two miniature spools, between which a magnetic tape is passed and wound. The tape head in tape recorders and cassette players is used to store and play audio tracks in these magnetic tapes by converting the electric signal to a magnetic fluctuation and vice versa. The sound quality of an audio track recorded on a compact cassette is decent. However, as these cassettes are stored in the Earth’s magnetic field for longer periods, the effect from it influences magnetic particles to change their orientation and distort the recorded audio signal. As a result, high-frequency noise is generated in the audio signal, resulting in a great disturbance when listening to songs and other audio recordings on vintage cassettes. \u0000168Therefore, the removal of such noises while minimizing the impact on the original audio signal will make sure the listener gets to enjoy the original quality of the vintage audio recordings. Fourier transform of a given distorted audio file (in “wav” format) was obtained to identify the high-frequency noise using Wolfram Mathematica 12.3. Then a variable “m” was introduced to the program to identify magnitudes of high-frequency components and remove their effect on the original audio recording. A trial-and-error approach was taken to identify the adequate “m\" value for each channel of a given audio signal. Vintage songs were used to evaluate the accuracy of the developed method in this study. It was identified that the suitable “m” value changes for each channel in each song. Therefore, it is impossible to state a constant value for the variable “m”. However, the accuracy of the output also depends on the hearing frequency of the person, and the audio equipment being used. As an application, this technique can be used to conserve vintage songs that were originally stored in compact cassettes and spools, because it allows the user to control the number of high-frequency components removed from the distorted audio signal. \u0000Keywords: Signal Processing Techniques, Fourier Transforms, Mathematica, Noise Removing,Audio Cassettes","PeriodicalId":214405,"journal":{"name":"Vidyodaya Journal of Science","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116406813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Guidance and Self-Focusing of Rippled Electromagnetic Radiation Pulse in High Density Magnetoactive Plasma","authors":"Sonu Sen, Sunil Kumar Patidar, Jitendra Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.31357/vjs.v26i01.6408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/vjs.v26i01.6408","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Inside the plasma, when an intense rippled electromagnetic radiation pulse experiences self-focusing, one need to taking account of radial expansion in view of charge displacement due to ponderomotive force on electron and variation in the mass of oscillating electron under the influence of relativistic effect due to electromagnetic field. The extraordinary-mode (E-mode) propagation in a magnetoactive plasma, with stationary magnetic field, which is analogous to the wavering magnetic field of the electromagnetic radiation pulse, is the key feature for the self-guided propagation of rippling electromagnetic radiation pulse in magnetoactive plasma. If the condition for ultra-fast volume ionization is achieved, the radiation pulse itself can generate such a stationary magnetic field. It is demonstrated that external magnetic field affects the channels, causing them to bend. These effects cast new light on the phenomena of self-focusing of rippled electromagnetic radiation pulse. They raise the possibility of combining energy from several channels into one. It is found that the magnetic field strongly influences the plasma dynamic behavior and overall propagation of rippled electromagnetic radiation pulse. \u0000Keywords: Self-focusing, Self-guidance, Magnetized-plasma, Beam-propagation, Nonlinearity","PeriodicalId":214405,"journal":{"name":"Vidyodaya Journal of Science","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123988679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Jargon to Clarity: Enhancing Science Communication with ChatGPT","authors":"Mahesh Jayaweera","doi":"10.31357/vjs.v26i01.6405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/vjs.v26i01.6405","url":null,"abstract":"ChatGPT, an advanced language model developed by OpenAI, represents a groundbreaking leap in the realm of science communication. This remarkable chatbot seamlessly generates clear and concise explanations, unraveling the intricacies of complex scientific concepts for many fraternities. It goes beyond mere elucidation, actively addressing public inquiries and dispelling common misconceptions and flaws, resulting in a more informed and scientifically literate society. The conversational prowess of ChatGPT empowers even the general public to initiate and sustain meaningful dialogues with individuals from diverse backgrounds. By leveraging ChatGPT's interactive capabilities, many stimulate thought-provoking conversations, fueling curiosity and fostering a deeper engagement with scientific topics. Moreover, ChatGPT's extensive training imbues it with a vast knowledge base, enabling it to provide highly informative responses to a wide range of questions in no time.","PeriodicalId":214405,"journal":{"name":"Vidyodaya Journal of Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122069153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review: Keystone Environmental Problems are the Labyrinth Root causes that Resonate together with Socioeconomic Factors on Igniting Global Conflicts and Warfare","authors":"S. Sivaramanan","doi":"10.31357/vjs.v26i01.6414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/vjs.v26i01.6414","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000When mitigating a man-made environmental problem, if it results in the permanent disappearance of one or more other environmental problems, then that mitigated problem can be considered a keystone environmental problem. Based on the aforesaid definition, eight environmental problems have been identified, such as population explosion, air pollution, deforestation, water pollution, scarcity and salination, overexploitation of natural resources, urbanisation (including industrialization, urban sprawl and settlements), intensive farming, and the global energy crisis. It has also been found that there is a significant relationship between these keystone environmental problems and global conflicts. For instance, according to the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), over the last six decades, globally, more than 40% of the internal conflicts have been caused by overexploitation of natural resources, which is a known keystone environmental issue. Thus, the importance of identifying the role of keystone environmental problems in igniting global environmental conflicts and warfare has been widely realised. This study was conducted using qualitative content analysis methodology reveals that labyrinth established by root keystone environmental problems resonates together with socio-economic factors conflagrate global environmental conflicts and warfare, such as Cauvery River conflict between Tamil Nadu and Kerala States in South India, conflict from trespassing fishermen poaching in waters of neighbouring country from both India and Sri Lanka, Environmental Conflict in Northeast India and Bangladesh due to flooding (natural disaster) caused by climate change led to migration, West bank water crisis between Israel and Palestine, Russia’s invasion into Ukraine in 2022, Alto Cenepa war, Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) crisis between Ethiopia and Egypt, environmental conflicts in Philippines, conflict for land resources in Ethiopia, environmental conflict in Mexico, environmental conflict in Peru, Northeast India, Pakistan, Israel (Gaza), conflict of Mauritania and Senegal, Israel-Palestine (West bank), Somalia- Ethiopia, El Salvador-Honduras, Conflict between Kenyan tribes, dispute between North and South Sudan, and transboundary air pollution (causing acid rain) issue between the USA and Canada. \u0000Keywords: environment, environmental problems, environmental conflicts, keystone environmental problems, primary environmental problems, wars","PeriodicalId":214405,"journal":{"name":"Vidyodaya Journal of Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133438629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building Integrated Vegetation Systems and their Sustainability Aspects; A Literature Review","authors":"K.G.N.H. Weerasinghe, G. K. P. John, H. T. Rupasinghe, R. U. Halwatura","doi":"10.31357/vjs.v26i01.6407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/vjs.v26i01.6407","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Abstract:There is a growing need of sustainable building development all over the world. It aims to decrease the adverse effects to the environment due to urbanization and escalating population growth. Since the building construction is considered as one of the main concerns, the priority was given to mitigate the negative impact to the environment. Therefore, incorporating sustainable elements and techniques to the buildings to regain the land loss due to construction activities in cities is currently practicing. Adding various vegetation types through different approaches, to obtain the expected results of better living condition around the building is called as building integrated vegetation systems (BIV). Vertical gardening systems, vertical farms, constructed green roofs and roof farms can be stated as main categories of BIV systems. However, there is a paucity of published critical reviews on such systems and therefore, this study is an attempt to review the overall sustainability aspects of BIV systems including environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability. This study consists with a critical review of 114 research publications from relevant journals and online scientific databases. Finally, the identified sustainability aspects of each BIV systems were analyzed to select the best option in terms of greening a building which can be recommended for the implementations in future. Mainly, the importance of moving towards the sustainable solution which meets the food needs through BIV is finally discussed. Finally, it can be concluded that by incorporating green architecture with smart agriculture, we can expect green, healthy and productive cities which fulfill the main requirements of sustainable cities. Though there are many challenges to overcome, maintaining good management practices will give better output. Out of the 114 literature selected for this study, only 8 research papers were discussed about the drawbacks and the limitations of the BIV systems which is still having paucity of information. \u0000Keywords: Building Integrated Vegetation systems, Economic Sustainability, Environmental Sustainability, Social Sustainability","PeriodicalId":214405,"journal":{"name":"Vidyodaya Journal of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123720498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facebook As a Supporting Tool for Enhancing Social Interaction Skills in A Physics Teaching Subject","authors":"Ms. Samita, Dr. Amit Kauts","doi":"10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/vjs.v25i02.6180","url":null,"abstract":"In 21st century, a lot of importance has been given to information and communication technology(ICTs). Integrating technological tools into a pedagogical world has gained a lot of importanceeverywhere. During Covid-19 situation, various online platforms are being used to teach the physicssubject in schools. But it has been seen that these platforms don’t help to inculcate social interaction skillsamong students. Social interaction skills comprised of communication skills, collaborative skills, criticalthinking skills, problem solving skills etc. This paper highlights the utilization of ICTs and social mediaplatform such as Facebook that helps to develop social interaction skills among Physics students. Thispaper examines Facebook group as a better alternative in place of LMS. Descriptive survey design wasadopted for the study. The population consisted of 100 secondary school students studying Physics subject.A sample was sub-divided into two groups- Facebook group (50 students) and LMS group (50 students).A structured questionnaires tagged Influence of Facebook on Social Interaction Skills Questionnaire andInfluence of LMS on Social Interaction Skills Questionnaire were used to collect data from therespondents. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyse the collected data in order to test thehypotheses. The findings revealed that Facebook group usage had significantly positive influence on socialinteraction skills as compared to LMS group among Physics secondary school students. It was concludedthat Facebook when used effectively helped to improve social interaction skills among Physics students.Social media platforms like Facebook can be used to present the e-modules related to subject course inthe sequence and provide opportunities to students’ for answering in real time situation. Therefore, thispaper emphasis on developing social interaction skills among physics students through collaboration ofvarious ICT tools and social media platforms. \u0000Keywords: Physics, Facebook, Social interaction skills, LMS, e-learning environment","PeriodicalId":214405,"journal":{"name":"Vidyodaya Journal of Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115194510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}