{"title":"SLA-Based and Consumer-centric Dynamic Provisioning for Cloud Databases","authors":"S. Sakr, Anna Liu","doi":"10.1109/CLOUD.2012.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLOUD.2012.11","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main advantages of the cloud computing paradigm is that it simplifies the time-consuming processes of hardware provisioning, hardware purchasing and software deployment. Currently, we are witnessing a proliferation in the number of cloud-hosted applications with a tremendous increase in the scale of the data generated as well as being consumed by such applications. Cloud-hosted database systems powering these applications form a critical component in the software stack of these applications. Service Level Agreements (SLA) represent the contract which captures the agreed upon guarantees between a service provider and its customers. The specifications of existing service level agreement (SLA) for cloud services are not designed for flexibly handling even relatively straightforward performance and technical requirements of consumer applications. The concerns of consumers for cloud services regarding the SLA management of their hosted applications within the cloud environments will gain increasing importance as cloud computing becomes more pervasive. This paper introduces the notion, challenges and the importance of SLA-based provisioning and cost management for cloud-hosted databases from the consumer perspective. We present an end-to-end framework that acts as a middleware which resides between the consumer applications and the cloud-hosted databases. The aim of the framework is to facilitate adaptive and dynamic provisioning of the database tier of the software applications based on application-defined policies for satisfying their own SLA performance requirements, avoiding the cost of any SLA violation and controlling the monetary cost of the allocated computing resources. The experimental results demonstrate that SLA-based provisioning is more adequate for providing consumer applications the required flexibility in achieving their goals.","PeriodicalId":214084,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Cloud Computing","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128146926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jielong Xu, Jian Tang, K. Kwiat, Weiyi Zhang, G. Xue
{"title":"Survivable Virtual Infrastructure Mapping in Virtualized Data Centers","authors":"Jielong Xu, Jian Tang, K. Kwiat, Weiyi Zhang, G. Xue","doi":"10.1109/CLOUD.2012.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLOUD.2012.100","url":null,"abstract":"In a virtualized data center, survivability can be enhanced by creating redundant Virtual Machines (VMs) as backup for VMs such that after VM or server failures, affected services can be quickly switched over to backup VMs. To enable flexible and efficient resource management, we propose to use a service-aware approach in which multiple correlated VMs and their backups are grouped together to form a Survivable Virtual Infrastructure (SVI) for a service or a tenant. A fundamental problem in such a system is to determine how to map each SVI to a physical data center network such that operational costs are minimized subject to the constraints that each VM's resource requirements are met and bandwidth demands between VMs can be guaranteed before and after failures. This problem can be naturally divided into two sub-problems: VM Placement(VMP) and Virtual Link Mapping (VLM). We present a general optimization framework for this mapping problem. Then we present an efficient algorithm for the VMP sub problem as well as a polynomial-time algorithm that optimally solves the VLM sub problem, which can be used as subroutines in the framework. We also present an effective heuristic algorithm that jointly solves the two sub problems. It has been shown by extensive simulation results based on the real VM data traces collected from the green data center at Syracuse University that compared with the First Fit Descending (FFD) and single shortest path based baseline algorithm, both our VMP+VLM algorithm and joint algorithm significantly reduce the reserved bandwidth, and yield comparable results in terms of the number of active servers.","PeriodicalId":214084,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Cloud Computing","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125561594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Al-Khateeb, M. Masud, L. Khan, B. Thuraisingham
{"title":"Cloud Guided Stream Classification Using Class-Based Ensemble","authors":"T. Al-Khateeb, M. Masud, L. Khan, B. Thuraisingham","doi":"10.1109/CLOUD.2012.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLOUD.2012.127","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a novel class-based micro-classifier ensemble classification technique (MCE) for classifying data streams. Traditional ensemble-based data stream classification techniques build a classification model from each data chunk and keep an ensemble of such models. Due to the fixed length of the ensemble, when a new model is trained, one existing model is discarded. This creates several problems. First, if a class disappears from the stream and reappears after a long time, it would be misclassified if a majority of the classifiers in the ensemble does not contain any model of that class. Second, discarding a model means discarding the corresponding data chunk completely. However, knowledge obtained from some classes might be still useful and if they are discarded, the overall error rate would increase. To address these problems, we propose an ensemble model where each class information is stored separately. From each data chunk, we train a model for each class of data. We call each such model a micro-classifier. This approach is more robust than existing chunk-based ensembles in handling dynamic changes in the data stream. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to classify data streams using the class-based ensembles approach. When the number of classes grow in the stream, class-based ensembles may degrade in performance (speed). Hence, we sketch a cloud-based solution of our class-based ensembles to handle a large number of classes effectively. We compare our technique with several state-of-the-art data stream classification techniques on both synthetic and benchmark data streams, and obtain much higher accuracy.","PeriodicalId":214084,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Cloud Computing","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114631942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kerim Yasin Oktay, V. Khadilkar, B. Hore, Murat Kantarcioglu, S. Mehrotra, B. Thuraisingham
{"title":"Risk-Aware Workload Distribution in Hybrid Clouds","authors":"Kerim Yasin Oktay, V. Khadilkar, B. Hore, Murat Kantarcioglu, S. Mehrotra, B. Thuraisingham","doi":"10.1109/CLOUD.2012.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLOUD.2012.128","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores an efficient and secure mechanism to partition computations across public and private machines in a hybrid cloud setting. We propose a principled framework for distributing data and processing in a hybrid cloud that meets the conflicting goals of performance, sensitive data disclosure risk and resource allocation costs. The proposed solution is implemented as an add-on tool for a Hadoop and Hive based cloud computing infrastructure. Our experiments demonstrate that the developed mechanism can lead to a major performance gain by exploiting both the hybrid cloud components without violating any pre-determined public cloud usage constraints.","PeriodicalId":214084,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Cloud Computing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129263810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Opportunistic Service Provisioning in the Cloud","authors":"Mathias Björkqvist, L. Chen, Walter Binder","doi":"10.1109/CLOUD.2012.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLOUD.2012.85","url":null,"abstract":"There is an emerging trend to deploy services in cloud environments due to their flexibility in providing virtual capacity and pay-as-you-go billing features. Cost-aware services demand computation capacity such as virtual machines (VMs) from a cloud operator according to the workload (i.e., service invocations) and pay for the amount of capacity used following billing contracts. However, as recent empirical studies show, the performance variability, i.e., non-uniform VM performance, is inherently higher than in private hosting platforms, since cloud platforms provide VMs running on top of typically heterogeneous hardware shared by multiple clients. Consequently, the provisioning of service capacity in a cloud needs to consider workload variability as well as varying VM performance. We propose an opportunistic service replication policy that leverages the variability in VM performance, as well as the on-demand billing features of the cloud. Our objective is to minimize the service provisioning costs by keeping a lower number of faster VMs, while maintaining target system utilization. Our evaluation results on traces collected from in-production systems show that the proposed policy achieves significant cost savings and low response times.","PeriodicalId":214084,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Cloud Computing","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124542507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raúl Gracia Tinedo, Marc Sánchez Artigas, Adrián Moreno-Martínez, P. López
{"title":"FriendBox: A Hybrid F2F Personal Storage Application","authors":"Raúl Gracia Tinedo, Marc Sánchez Artigas, Adrián Moreno-Martínez, P. López","doi":"10.1109/CLOUD.2012.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLOUD.2012.20","url":null,"abstract":"Personal storage is a mainstream service used by millions of users. Among the existing alternatives, Friend-to-Friend (F2F) systems are nowadays an interesting research topic aimed to leverage a secure and private off-site storage service. However, the specific characteristics of F2F storage systems (reduced node degree, correlated availabilities) represent a hard obstacle to their performance. Actually, it is extremely difficult for a F2F system to guarantee an acceptable storage service quality in terms of transference times and data availability to end-users. In this landscape, we propose to resort to the Cloud for improving the storage service of a F2F system. We present FriendBox: a hybrid F2F personal storage system. FriendBox is the first F2F system that efficiently combines resources of trusted friends with Cloud storage for improving the service quality achievable by pure F2F systems. We evaluated FriendBox through a real deployment in our university campus. We demonstrated that FriendBox achieves high transfer performance and flexible user-defined data availability guarantees. Furthermore, we analyzed the costs of FriendBox demonstrating its economic feasibility.","PeriodicalId":214084,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Cloud Computing","volume":"210 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132687209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Performance Study on the VM Startup Time in the Cloud","authors":"Ming Mao, M. Humphrey","doi":"10.1109/CLOUD.2012.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLOUD.2012.103","url":null,"abstract":"One of many advantages of the cloud is the elasticity, the ability to dynamically acquire or release computing resources in response to demand. However, this elasticity is only meaningful to the cloud users when the acquired Virtual Machines (VMs) can be provisioned in time and be ready to use within the user expectation. The long unexpected VM startup time could result in resource under-provisioning, which will inevitably hurt the application performance. A better understanding of the VM startup time is therefore needed to help cloud users to plan ahead and make in-time resource provisioning decisions. In this paper, we study the startup time of cloud VMs across three real-world cloud providers -- Amazon EC2, Windows Azure and Rackspace. We analyze the relationship between the VM startup time and different factors, such as time of the day, OS image size, instance type, data center location and the number of instances acquired at the same time. We also study the VM startup time of spot instances in EC2, which show a longer waiting time and greater variance compared to on-demand instances.","PeriodicalId":214084,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Cloud Computing","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122244666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ching-Chi Lin, Jan-Jan Wu, Jeng-An Lin, Li-Chung Song, Pangfeng Liu
{"title":"Automatic Resource Scaling Based on Application Service Requirements","authors":"Ching-Chi Lin, Jan-Jan Wu, Jeng-An Lin, Li-Chung Song, Pangfeng Liu","doi":"10.1109/CLOUD.2012.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLOUD.2012.32","url":null,"abstract":"Web applications play a major role in various enterprise and cloud services. With the popularity of social networks and with the speed at which information can be disseminate around the globe, online systems need to face ever growing, unpredictable peak load events. Auto-scaling technique provides on-demand resources according to workload in cloud computing system. However, most of the existing solutions are subject to some of the following constraints: (1) replying on user-provided scaling metrics and threshold values, (2) employing the simple Majority Vote scaling algorithm, which is ineffective for scaling Web applications, and (3) lack of capability for predicting workload changes. In this work, we develop an auto-scaling system, WebScale, which is not subject to the aforementioned constraints, for managing resources for Web applications in data centers. We also compare the efficiency of different scaling algorithms for Web applications, and devise a new method for analyzing the trend of workload changes. The experiment results demonstrate that WebScale can keep the response time of Web applications low even when facing sudden load changing.","PeriodicalId":214084,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Cloud Computing","volume":"23 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114036533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Resource Allocation for Cloud-Assisted Mobile Applications","authors":"M. Ferber, T. Rauber, M. Torres, T. Holvoet","doi":"10.1109/CLOUD.2012.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLOUD.2012.75","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile devices such as netbooks, smartphones, and tablets have made computing ubiquitous. However, such battery powered devices often have limited computing power for the benefit of an extended runtime. Nevertheless, despite the reduced processing power, users expect to perform the same types of operations as they could do using their desktop or laptop computers. We address mobile devices's lack of computing power by leveraging cloud computing resources. We present a middleware that relocates computing-intensive parts of Java applications to cloud re-sources. Consequently, our middleware enables the execution of computing-intensive applications on mo-bile devices. We present a case study on which we adapt Sunflow, an open-source ray tracing application, to use our middleware and show the results obtained by deploying it on Amazon EC2. We show, via simulations, a cost analysis of using the different resource allocation strategies available on our solution.","PeriodicalId":214084,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Cloud Computing","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123691419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Multi-tenant Web Application Framework for SaaS","authors":"Wonjae Lee, Min Choi","doi":"10.1109/CLOUD.2012.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLOUD.2012.27","url":null,"abstract":"Software as a Service (SaaS) is a software delivery model in which software resources are accessed remotely by users. Enterprises find SaaS attractive because of its low cost. SaaS requires sharing of application servers among multiple tenants for low operational costs. Besides the sharing of application servers, customizations are needed to meet requirements of each tenant. Supporting various levels of configuration and customization is desirable for SaaS frameworks. This paper describes a multi-tenant web application framework for SaaS. The proposed framework supports runtime customizations of user interfaces and business logics by use of file-level namespaces, inheritance, and polymorphism. It supports various client-side web application technologies.","PeriodicalId":214084,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Cloud Computing","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121960629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}