SAE transactions最新文献_第8页

PGM Optimization by Robust Design 基于稳健设计的PGM优化

SAE transactions Pub Date : 2005-10-24 DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-3849

George C. Mitchell, M. Zammit, Douglas J. Ball

引用次数: 5

Development of a Robust Injector Design for Superior Deposit Resistance 一种抗沉积性能优异的坚固喷油器设计的开发

SAE transactions Pub Date : 2005-10-24 DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-3841

P. V. Bacho, J. Galante-Fox, David W. Sant

引用次数: 11

Design of a Portable Micro-Dilution Tunnel Particulate Matter Emissions Measurement System 便携式微稀释隧道颗粒物排放测量系统的设计

SAE transactions Pub Date : 2005-10-24 DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-3795

E. Pertl, D. Carder, F. A. Pertl, M. Gautam, James E. Smith

引用次数: 2

The Effect of Spark Retard on Engine-out Hydrocarbon Emissions 火花延迟对发动机熄火碳氢化合物排放的影响

SAE transactions Pub Date : 2005-10-24 DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-3867

J. Eng

{"title":"The Effect of Spark Retard on Engine-out Hydrocarbon Emissions","authors":"J. Eng","doi":"10.4271/2005-01-3867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3867","url":null,"abstract":"Using spark retard during a cold-start is a very effective means of achieving fast catalyst light-off. In addition to obtaining faster catalyst light-off, retarding the spark also results in lower engine-out HC emissions. The objective of this research was to understand the reasons for the decrease in HC emissions with spark retard. In order to make the results as unambiguous as possible, the experiments were performed on a dynamometer at constant speed and load conditions using pre-vaporized, premixed gasoline. A zero-dimensional ring-pack crevice flow model was used to determine the mass flows into and out of the piston crevice during the engine cycle. The analysis showed that with spark retard a large fraction of the unburned fuel from the ring-pack re-entered the cylinder before the end of flame propagation, and was consumed by the flame when it extinguished on the cylinder wall. The level of post-flame HC consumption was estimated as the difference between the measured engine-out HC emissions and the unburned fuel re-entering the cylinder after the end of flame propagation, which was taken to be the crankangle of 90% mass fraction burned. Even with the most severe levels of spark retard the majority of the HC consumption, up to 70%, takes place by the flame within the cylinder before exhaust valve opening.","PeriodicalId":21404,"journal":{"name":"SAE transactions","volume":"4 1","pages":"1727-1741"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84796917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

The Effects of Intake Charge Preheating in a Gasoline-Fueled HCCI Engine 汽油燃料HCCI发动机进气预热的影响

SAE transactions Pub Date : 2005-10-24 DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-3742

R. Iverson, R. E. Herold, R. Augusta, D. Foster, J. Ghandhi, J. Eng, P. Najt

{"title":"The Effects of Intake Charge Preheating in a Gasoline-Fueled HCCI Engine","authors":"R. Iverson, R. E. Herold, R. Augusta, D. Foster, J. Ghandhi, J. Eng, P. Najt","doi":"10.4271/2005-01-3742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3742","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments were performed on a homogeneously fueled compression ignition gasoline-type engine with a high degree of intake charge preheating. It was observed that fuels that contained lower end and/or non-branched hydrocarbons (gasoline and an 87 octane primary reference fuel (PRF) blend) exhibited sensitivity to thermal conditions in the surge tanks upstream of the intake valves. The window of intake charge temperatures, measured near the intake valve, that provided acceptable combustion was shifted to lower values when the upstream surge tank gas temperatures were elevated. The same behavior, however, was not observed while using isooctane as a fuel. Gas chromatograph mass spectrometer analysis of the intake charge revealed that oxygenated species were present with PRF 87, and the abundance of the oxygenated species appeared to increase with increasing surge tank gas temperatures. No significant oxygenated species were detected when running with isooctane. The presence of the oxygenated species for PRF 87 fueling indicated that reactions were occurring in the intake surge tanks which resulted in needing lower intake charge temperatures to achieve autoignition.","PeriodicalId":21404,"journal":{"name":"SAE transactions","volume":"14 1","pages":"1566-1574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74154848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Developmental Fuels Emissions Evaluation 发展性燃料排放评估

SAE transactions Pub Date : 2005-10-24 DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-3704

P. Merritt, Eric J. Netemeyer

{"title":"Developmental Fuels Emissions Evaluation","authors":"P. Merritt, Eric J. Netemeyer","doi":"10.4271/2005-01-3704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3704","url":null,"abstract":"Emissions characterization of three, small off-road engines of less than 19 kW power rating operating on two developmental fuels and one reference fuel was performed. The two fuels were formulated to remove benzene completely, curtail sulfur, and in one blend, include a substantial proportion of ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE). The engines selected included one side-valve four-stroke engine, one overhead valve four-stroke engine and one handheld two-stroke engine. The engines were maintained in stock condition. Exhaust emissions from operation with the two developmental fuels were compared to those from operation with light-duty certification-grade gasoline. California Air Resources Board (CARB) Small Off-Road Engine (SORE) emissions test methods and test cycles were used to test the engines. Duplicate tests were performed on each engine using dilute sampling procedures. Hydrocarbon speciation was performed on one replicate with each fuel. The handheld, 2-stroke engine was also tested for particulate matter emissions. Results averaged for the three engines indicated emissions reductions in-total hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), benzene, and 1,3-butadiene for the oxygenated fuel, and reductions in oxides of nitrogen (NOx), CO, benzene, and acetaldehyde for the non-oxygenated fuel. Despite substantial increases in formaldehyde with both developmental fuels, the total exhaust emissions of \"EPA Toxic Compounds\" were decreased in all engines by 41 to 57 percent, primarily attributable to the removal of benzene from the test fuels. Particulate matter emissions for the 2-stroke engine were reduced with both developmental fuels. In addition to exhaust emissions, a comparison was made between conventional gasoline and the developmental fuels with regards to evaporative emissions.","PeriodicalId":21404,"journal":{"name":"SAE transactions","volume":"25 1","pages":"1235-1242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82315340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Detailed Hydrocarbon Species and Particulate Emissions from a HCCI Engine as a Function of Air-Fuel Ratio HCCI发动机碳氢化合物种类和微粒排放随空燃比的变化

SAE transactions Pub Date : 2005-10-24 DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-3749

E. Kaiser, M. Maricq, N. Xu, Jialin Yang

{"title":"Detailed Hydrocarbon Species and Particulate Emissions from a HCCI Engine as a Function of Air-Fuel Ratio","authors":"E. Kaiser, M. Maricq, N. Xu, Jialin Yang","doi":"10.4271/2005-01-3749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3749","url":null,"abstract":"Concentrations of individual species in the engine-out exhaust gas from a gasoline-fueled (101.5 or 91.5 RON), direct-injection, compression-ignition (HCCI) engine have been measured by gas chromatography over the A/F range 50 to 230 for both stratified and nearly homogeneous fuel-air mixtures. The species identified include hydrocarbons, oxygenated organic species, CO, and CO 2 . A single-cylinder HCCI engine (CR = 15.5) with heated intake charge was used. Measurements of the mass and size distribution of particulate emissions were also performed. The 101.5 RON fuel consisted primarily of five species, simplifying interpretation of the exhaust species data: iso-pentane (24%), iso-octane (22%), toluene (17%), xylenes (10%), and trimethylbenzenes (9%). The thermal oxidation of iso-pentane and iso-octane were studied individually during brief experiments in a Pyrex reactor in order to ascertain the major primary and secondary products formed during oxidation of these fuel components at 765 K. A sharp increase occurs in the emissions indices of the organics formed by the combustion of the major fuel components beginning near A/F = 70. These product mole fractions increase by factors of 15 to 40 as the A/F ratio becomes leaner while unburned fuel species mole fractions increase by factors of 2 to 3. As observed previously in this engine and by others, the CO mole fraction increases sharply beginning near A/F = 70. The size distribution of the particulate emissions for A/F 70, the distribution changes sharply to that characteristic of semi-volatile particles. The body of data, including detailed examination of the cylinder pressure traces, indicate that a significant change occurs in the nature of the combustion process near A/F =70.","PeriodicalId":21404,"journal":{"name":"SAE transactions","volume":"1 1","pages":"1404-1414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89651797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

An Experimental Investigation of S.I. Engine Operation on Gaseous Fuels Lean Mixtures 气体燃料稀薄混合物内燃机运行的实验研究

SAE transactions Pub Date : 2005-10-24 DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-3765

Hailin Li, G. Karim

{"title":"An Experimental Investigation of S.I. Engine Operation on Gaseous Fuels Lean Mixtures","authors":"Hailin Li, G. Karim","doi":"10.4271/2005-01-3765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3765","url":null,"abstract":"The operation of S.I. engines on lean or diluents containing gaseous fuel-air mixtures is attractive in principle since it can provide improved fuel economy, reduced tendency to knock and low NO x emissions combined with a possible improvement to the operational life of the engine. However, the overall flame propagation rates then tend to drop sharply as the operational mixture is excessively leaned or diluted with CO 2 or N 2 . The paper presents experimental data obtained in a single cylinder, variable compression ratio, S.I., CFR engine when operated on a number of gaseous fuels and some of their mixtures. A gradual leaning of the operating mixture can affect adversely in turn, emissions of CO and unburned fuel and cyclic variation. The extent of deterioration in these operating parameters is shown to correlate well with the corresponding values of the combustion period, a key combustion indicator. Similar effects were observed when adding diluents to stoichiometric CH 4 -air mixtures. The addition of H 2 to CH 4 tends to accelerate the flame propagation and improve combustion stability but enhances the formation of NO x, especially for lean mixtures operation. A discussion of the possible reasons for the trends observed is presented together with outlining some possible measures to obtain low NO x emissions while keeping satisfactory rates of flame propagation.","PeriodicalId":21404,"journal":{"name":"SAE transactions","volume":"85 1","pages":"1600-1608"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91517117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

The Exhaust Emissions of Prototype Ultra-Low Sulfur and Oxygenated Diesel Fuels 超低硫和含氧柴油原型燃料的废气排放

SAE transactions Pub Date : 2005-10-24 DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-3880

D. Hilden, Chris C. Crellin, J. Toner, Leslie R. Wolf

引用次数: 6

Factors Affecting Axle Lubricant Stability 影响车轴润滑油稳定性的因素

SAE transactions Pub Date : 2005-10-24 DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-3892

Chris Morgan, J. Linden

引用次数: 1