{"title":"The Crosslinguistic Influence of First and Second Language on Third Language Acquisition","authors":"Kirsten Lindegaard Helms","doi":"10.7146/LEV.V0I4.112682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/LEV.V0I4.112682","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the crosslinguistic influences of first and second language on third language acquisition. While it has earlier been argued that Universal Grammar is lost with subsequent language acquisition, some studies indicate that Universal Grammar is not lost and is also applied when acquiring other languages. By drawing on two studies of third language acquisition where the third languages are V2, it is shown that when it comes to acquiring a third language, transfer can happen from both the first and second languages. One study showed that both the first and second languages can influence the acquisition of a third language while another argued in favor of the second language being the most dominant influence. On the basis of an examination of different theoretical approaches to language transfer, this paper argues that the Typological Primacy Model provides the most convincing and pragmatic explanation in that language transfer depends on linguistic circumstances.","PeriodicalId":213915,"journal":{"name":"Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132107740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"(Partner) Hunting in Rick Bass’ ‘Antlers’","authors":"I. Møller","doi":"10.7146/LEV.V0I4.112679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/LEV.V0I4.112679","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to elucidate the proportionality amongst the micro-ideologies within the field that ecocriticism occupies. Through an analysis of Rick’ Bass short story ‘Antlers’ the paper points out and contrasts these micro-ideologies. Moreover, it examines the author’s usage of figurative language including allegory of hunting which the paper argues aims to depict human interrelations in contemporary society. Finally, it argues that the author implicitly advocates anthropocentrism over biologism and that his vision of environmentalism is influenced by his values. Said values are found to be pronounced in his fiction as well as his nonfictional accounts.","PeriodicalId":213915,"journal":{"name":"Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114923149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Arguments for and against the Idea of Universal Grammar","authors":"Christian Hejlesen Christensen","doi":"10.7146/LEV.V0I4.112677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/LEV.V0I4.112677","url":null,"abstract":"For many, language is viewed as something that is actively learned through sensory stimulus and training. However, the idea of Universal Grammar (UG) challenges this notion by pointing at the inconsistencies in the behaviorist model of language learning. Proponents of Universal Grammar argue that language is acquired rather than learned, meaning that linguistic structures are a biologically innate part of the human mind. This paper explores arguments on both sides of the issue, beginning with the classical behaviorist model and then turning to two selected arguments for UG before finally discussing the theory in light of more recent criticisms. In the end, I conclude that while Universal Grammar is still controversial in the field of linguistics, it at the very least succeeds in showing that there are still unanswered questions regarding the way the human mind acquires language.","PeriodicalId":213915,"journal":{"name":"Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128657799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studying English at Aarhus University","authors":"Jens Kjeldgaard‐Christiansen","doi":"10.7146/LEV.V0I3.108058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/LEV.V0I3.108058","url":null,"abstract":"This editorial offers some tips for first-year students in the Department of English at Aarhus University. It advices students to get organized, hack their habits, use the library, and write shitty first drafts.","PeriodicalId":213915,"journal":{"name":"Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114065180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Wonderful is Wonderland?","authors":"Nathalie Keighley Kristensen","doi":"10.7146/LEV.V0I3.108013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/LEV.V0I3.108013","url":null,"abstract":"This MA thesis seeks to investigate negative emotions and their function in children’s literature from an evolutionary standpoint. Insights from evolutionary biology and evolutionary psychology are used to build an evolutionary framework that is then used in a literary analysis that shows how negative emotions are evoked in literature, and what adaptive purpose(s) they have. The main argument is that we feel strong emotions when engaging in story because storytelling has an adaptive function, and that this function is to provide us with low-risk, vicarious input that can be employed as a future guide for behaviour. This argument explains not only the human proclivity for producing and consuming art, but also why we generally feel pleasure and satisfaction when engaging in stories, no matter the form they take.","PeriodicalId":213915,"journal":{"name":"Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131587005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lifting the Lid on the Queen’s Upper-Crust Received Pronunciation","authors":"Lorna Richards","doi":"10.7146/LEV.V0I3.107780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/LEV.V0I3.107780","url":null,"abstract":"This acoustic analysis of Queen Elizabeth’s speech in her Christmas broadcasts from 1995 to 1999 investigates whether her dialect becomes less Upper-Crust Received Pronunciation, and more Standard Southern British (SSB), after the Princess of Wales died in 1997; whether there is a correlation with this change in speech style; and the need to increase the popularity of the British Monarchy which declined in the aftermath. A formant analysis of the Queen’s TRAP [æ], STRUT [ʌ] and the happy-tensing [ɪː] vowels was conducted in Praat. The results are discussed on their own but also contrasted with those reported in Harrington et al. (2000), and Harrington (2006). This study concludes that although the Queen’s speech underwent variation around the time of the Princess of Wales’s death, the variation had started in the months prior to the accident.","PeriodicalId":213915,"journal":{"name":"Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132510315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Gesture Life as Traumatic Heteroglossia","authors":"Julie Klinke","doi":"10.7146/LEV.V0I3.107778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/LEV.V0I3.107778","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic narratives differ from traditional ones by defying chronological structure. Often, victims of trauma are unable to recall their trauma, and it is then present in their narratives only symptomatically. This article argues that the structure of A Gesture Life lends itself to an interpretation based on trauma theory. The narrator, Hata, is revealed as traumatized through an analysis of his evasive voice, the counter-narratives presented by other characters, and the novel’s disjointed chronology. It is concluded that like victims of trauma, Hata seeks to make up for the absence of the events that caused him to become traumatized through a fictional narrative. However, through the intrusion of his trauma and through the voices of K and Sunny, who both oppose the narrative he attempts to confine them in, his narrative is ultimately revealed as a method of repression to both himself and the reader.","PeriodicalId":213915,"journal":{"name":"Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114869335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Challenging or Conforming to the Norms of Victorian Society","authors":"Emilie Arildsen","doi":"10.7146/LEV.V0I3.107777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/LEV.V0I3.107777","url":null,"abstract":"Queen Victoria represents a personality split between the values of the submissive contemporary woman and the values of a powerful monarch. She was head of her country, but a married woman too, and this combination entailed situations that were difficult to navigate while retaining the values of the ideal Victorian woman and simultaneously meeting her duties as queen. I claim that by combining her two roles and becoming the mother of the Empire, Queen Victoria ultimately bettered women’s social status by influencing the mindset of her contemporary women. Her influence is apparent in writings of both feminists such as Millicent Garrett Fawcett and conservative Sarah Stickney Ellis as well as in the lives of her own daughters.","PeriodicalId":213915,"journal":{"name":"Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121347465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Idealized Nationalism in Downton Abbey","authors":"Christa Rydeberg Aakjær","doi":"10.7146/LEV.V0I3.107775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/LEV.V0I3.107775","url":null,"abstract":"With the Downton Abbey series as a starting point, this study examines how fictional media is a new source of renegotiating national identity, in this case Englishness. A close analysis of Downton Abbey and similar cultural phenomena shows how heritage film modify and idealize certain aspects and values of history to alter and ultimately rewrite the memory of history. Different definitions of nationalism and identity are explored to lay the basis of a discussion of why Downton Abbey appeared when it did and how fictional productions of history and culture might key to the recreation of contemporary cultural identity. Thus, this article will reveal the connection between the popularity of heritage productions and their impact on the cultivation of cultural identities and national sentiments.","PeriodicalId":213915,"journal":{"name":"Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134008637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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