2017 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM)最新文献_第4页

Analysis of the Understanding of the Concepts of Task and Skill Variety by Software Engineering Professionals 软件工程专业人员对任务和技能变化概念的理解分析

2017 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM) Pub Date : 2017-11-09 DOI: 10.1109/ESEM.2017.33

A. Chagas, Fabio Almeida Melo, W. F. Santos, Adriana Almeida Nascimento de Oliveira, Sarita Monteiro Bora, F. Silva

{"title":"Analysis of the Understanding of the Concepts of Task and Skill Variety by Software Engineering Professionals","authors":"A. Chagas, Fabio Almeida Melo, W. F. Santos, Adriana Almeida Nascimento de Oliveira, Sarita Monteiro Bora, F. Silva","doi":"10.1109/ESEM.2017.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESEM.2017.33","url":null,"abstract":"Context: In organizational psychology literature, Task Variety and Skill Variety are considered different aspects of work design. Albeit related to different aspects of the work, it is common to find strong correlations between these constructs. After applying the Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ) on a sample of 102 software professional, we found the similar correlations and conjectured that they were partly due to a misunderstanding about what a task is, what a skill is, and what could be considered a variety of those concepts in the practice of software development. Goal: Our goal in this study was to investigate the actual existence and the possible sources of such misunderstanding. Method: We performed semi-structured interviews with software professionals that had previously participated in the application of the WDQ and analyzed the results using qualitative research techniques. We selected four software professionals among those with higher experience in software development. Results: Qualitative data revealed insights regarding the reasons why the correlation identified in the quantitative results could have arisen in our sample. Conclusions: Our findings pointed out that the misunderstanding of such concepts might affect the results of the application of quantitative questionnaires that measure these constructs.","PeriodicalId":213866,"journal":{"name":"2017 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129787987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Investigating the Use of a Hybrid Search Strategy for Systematic Reviews 研究系统评价中混合搜索策略的使用

2017 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM) Pub Date : 2017-11-09 DOI: 10.1109/ESEM.2017.30

Érica Mourão, Marcos Kalinowski, Leonardo Gresta Paulino Murta, E. Mendes, C. Wohlin

{"title":"Investigating the Use of a Hybrid Search Strategy for Systematic Reviews","authors":"Érica Mourão, Marcos Kalinowski, Leonardo Gresta Paulino Murta, E. Mendes, C. Wohlin","doi":"10.1109/ESEM.2017.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESEM.2017.30","url":null,"abstract":"[Background] Systematic Literature Reviews (SLRs) are one of the important pillars when employing an evidence-based paradigm in Software Engineering. To date most SLRs have been conducted using a search strategy involving several digital libraries. However, significant issues have been reported for digital libraries and applying such search strategy requires substantial effort. On the other hand, snowballing has recently arisen as a potentially more efficient alternative or complementary solution. Nevertheless, it requires a relevant seed set of papers. [Aims] This paper proposes and evaluates a hybrid search strategy combining searching in a specific digital library (Scopus) with backward and forward snowballing. [Method] The proposed hybrid strategy was applied to two previously published SLRs that adopted database searches. We investigate whether it is able to retrieve the same included papers with lower effort in terms of the number of analysed papers. The two selected SLRs relate respectively to elicitation techniques (not confined to Software Engineering (SE)) and to a specific SE topic on cost estimation. [Results] Our results provide preliminary support for the proposed hybrid search strategy as being suitable for SLRs investigating a specific research topic within the SE domain. Furthermore, it helps overcoming existing issues with using digital libraries in SE. [Conclusions] The hybrid search strategy provides competitive results, similar to using several digital libraries. However, further investigation is needed to evaluate the hybrid search strategy.","PeriodicalId":213866,"journal":{"name":"2017 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121217146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

Beyond Boxes and Lines: Creating and Empirically Evaluating Alternative Visualizations for Requirements Conceptual Models 超越框框和线条:为需求概念模型创建和经验性评估可选的可视化

2017 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM) Pub Date : 2017-11-09 DOI: 10.1109/ESEM.2017.66

S. Liaskos, Teodora Dundjerovic, N. Alothman

{"title":"Beyond Boxes and Lines: Creating and Empirically Evaluating Alternative Visualizations for Requirements Conceptual Models","authors":"S. Liaskos, Teodora Dundjerovic, N. Alothman","doi":"10.1109/ESEM.2017.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESEM.2017.66","url":null,"abstract":"[Background]: Conceptual modeling languages have been widely studied in requirements engineering as tools for capturing, representing and reasoning about domain problems. One of these languages, goal models, has been proposed for representing the structure of stakeholder intentions. Like most other conceptual modeling languages, goal models are visualized using box-and-line diagrammatic notations. But is this box-and-line approach the best way for visualizing goals and relationships thereof? Through a series of experimental studies we have recently endeavored to find out. In this presentation, we describe features of our alternative visualization proposals and present experiences gained from our attempts to empirically evaluate them. Central to what we learned is the usefulness of distinguishing between language visualization and intended language semantics and of measuring the degree by which the former serves correct recognition of the latter. Our experience from these studies could be useful for those interested in experimentally-driven conceptual modeling language design.","PeriodicalId":213866,"journal":{"name":"2017 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115288859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What if I Had No Smells? 如果我没有气味呢?

2017 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM) Pub Date : 2017-11-09 DOI: 10.1109/ESEM.2017.14

D. Falessi, B. Russo, K. Mullen

引用次数: 20

House of Cards: Code Smells in Open-Source C# Repositories 《纸牌屋:开源c#存储库中的代码气味

2017 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM) Pub Date : 2017-11-09 DOI: 10.1109/ESEM.2017.57

Tushar Sharma, Marios Fragkoulis, D. Spinellis

{"title":"House of Cards: Code Smells in Open-Source C# Repositories","authors":"Tushar Sharma, Marios Fragkoulis, D. Spinellis","doi":"10.1109/ESEM.2017.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESEM.2017.57","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Code smells are indicators of quality problems that make a software hard to maintain and evolve. Given the importance of smells in the source code's maintainability, many studies have explored the characteristics of smells and analyzed their effects on the software's quality. Aim: We aim to investigate fundamental characteristics of code smells through an empirical study on frequently occurring smells that examines inter-category and intra-category correlation between design and implementation smells. Method: The study mines 19 design smells and 11 implementation smells in 1988 C# repositories containing more than 49 million lines of code. The mined data are statistically analyzed using methods such as Spearman's correlation and presented through hexbin and scatter plots. Results: We find that unutilized abstraction and magic number smells are the most frequently occurring smells in C# code. Our results also show that implementation and design smells exhibit strong inter-category correlation. The results of co-occurrence analysis imply that whenever unutilized abstraction or magic number smells are found, it is very likely to find other smells from the same smell category in the project. Conclusions: Our experiment shows high average smell density (14.7 and 55.8 for design and implementation smells respectively) for open source C# programs. Such high smell densities turn a software system into a house of cards reflecting the fragility introduced in the system. Our study advocates greater awareness of smells and the adoption of regular refactoring within the developer community to avoid turning software into a house of cards.","PeriodicalId":213866,"journal":{"name":"2017 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115820368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Early Phase Cost Models for Agile Software Processes in the US DoD 美国国防部敏捷软件过程的早期成本模型

2017 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM) Pub Date : 2017-11-09 DOI: 10.1109/ESEM.2017.10

Wilson Rosa, R. Madachy, B. Clark, B. Boehm

{"title":"Early Phase Cost Models for Agile Software Processes in the US DoD","authors":"Wilson Rosa, R. Madachy, B. Clark, B. Boehm","doi":"10.1109/ESEM.2017.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESEM.2017.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Software effort estimates are necessary and critical at an early phase for decision makers to establish initial budgets, and in a government context to select the most competitive bidder for a contract. The challenge is that estimated software requirements is the only size information available at this stage, compounded with the newly increasing adoption of agile processes in the US DoD. Aims: The objectives are to improve cost estimation by investigating available sizing measures, and providing practical effort estimation models for agile software development projects during the contract bidding phase or earlier. Method: The analysis explores the effects of independent variables for product size, peak staff, and domain on effort. The empirical data for model calibration is from 20 industrial projects completed recently for the US DoD, among a larger dataset of recent projects using other lifecycle processes. Results: Statistical results showed that initial software requirements is a valid size metric for estimating agile software development effort. Prediction accuracy improves when peak staff and domain are added as inputs to the cost models. Conclusion: These models may be used for estimates of agile projects, and evaluating software development contract cost proposals with inputs available during the bidding phase or earlier.","PeriodicalId":213866,"journal":{"name":"2017 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123659767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Code Churn: A Neglected Metric in Effort-Aware Just-in-Time Defect Prediction 代码流失:在努力感知的即时缺陷预测中被忽视的度量

2017 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM) Pub Date : 2017-11-09 DOI: 10.1109/ESEM.2017.8

Jinping Liu, Yuming Zhou, Yibiao Yang, Hongmin Lu, Baowen Xu

{"title":"Code Churn: A Neglected Metric in Effort-Aware Just-in-Time Defect Prediction","authors":"Jinping Liu, Yuming Zhou, Yibiao Yang, Hongmin Lu, Baowen Xu","doi":"10.1109/ESEM.2017.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESEM.2017.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: An increasing research effort has devoted to just-in-time (JIT) defect prediction. A recent study by Yang et al. at FSE'16 leveraged individual change metrics to build unsupervised JIT defect prediction model. They found that many unsupervised models performed similarly to or better than the state-of-the-art supervised models in effort-aware JIT defect prediction. Goal: In Yang et al.'s study, code churn (i.e. the change size of a code change) was neglected when building unsupervised defect prediction models. In this study, we aim to investigate the effectiveness of code churn based unsupervised defect prediction model in effort-aware JIT defect prediction. Methods: Consistent with Yang et al.'s work, we first use code churn to build a code churn based unsupervised model (CCUM). Then, we evaluate the prediction performance of CCUM against the state-of-the-art supervised and unsupervised models under the following three prediction settings: cross-validation, time-wise cross-validation, and cross-project prediction. Results: In our experiment, we compare CCUM against the state-of-the-art supervised and unsupervised JIT defect prediction models. Based on six open-source projects, our experimental results show that CCUM performs better than all the prior supervised and unsupervised models. Conclusions: The result suggests that future JIT defect prediction studies should use CCUM as a baseline model for comparison when a novel model is proposed.","PeriodicalId":213866,"journal":{"name":"2017 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121266249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 46

An Ontology-Based Approach to Automate Tagging of Software Artifacts 基于本体的软件构件自动标记方法

2017 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM) Pub Date : 2017-11-09 DOI: 10.1109/ESEM.2017.25

Sultan S. Al-Qahtani, J. Rilling

引用次数: 12

Eliciting Strategies for the GQM+Strategies Approach in IT Service Measurement Initiatives 引出IT服务度量计划中GQM+策略方法的策略

2017 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM) Pub Date : 2017-11-09 DOI: 10.1109/ESEM.2017.51

Bianca Trinkenreich, Gleison Santos, M. Barcellos, T. Conte

{"title":"Eliciting Strategies for the GQM+Strategies Approach in IT Service Measurement Initiatives","authors":"Bianca Trinkenreich, Gleison Santos, M. Barcellos, T. Conte","doi":"10.1109/ESEM.2017.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESEM.2017.51","url":null,"abstract":"GQM+Strategies is a goal-oriented measurement approach that supports organizations in identifying goals, strategies to achieve goals, and measures to monitor strategies and goals. However, identifying proper strategies is not an easy task. This paper presents two studies performed to investigate how strategies can be established to achieve IT service goals. First, we carried out a qualitative study involving three IT service-related departments of a large company to find out how they have been defining strategies and problems faced. We noted that strategies were defined by leaders, in a top-down approach, or by teams, in a bottom-up approach, and causal analysis techniques have been used to investigate aspects which can impact goals achievement. We also found the relation between the IT service strategies and goals was not clear for the teams. Considering these findings, we performed an empirical study in another IT-service related department applying an approach combining GQM+Strategies plus some instruments (checklists, templates and examples) and causal analysis to support IT strategies identification. As a result, we noticed that by using that approach the team was able to derive IT strategies based on goals, define measures to monitor goals and strategies, and better understand the alignment between the goals to be achieved and the strategies to be performed. Moreover, results showed that causal analysis is useful to define strategies and that supporting instruments facilitate using the approach and building GQM+Strategies grid.","PeriodicalId":213866,"journal":{"name":"2017 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129293041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

File-Level Defect Prediction: Unsupervised vs. Supervised Models 文件级缺陷预测:无监督与监督模型

2017 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM) Pub Date : 2017-11-09 DOI: 10.1109/ESEM.2017.48

Meng Yan, Yicheng Fang, D. Lo, Xin Xia, Xiaohong Zhang

{"title":"File-Level Defect Prediction: Unsupervised vs. Supervised Models","authors":"Meng Yan, Yicheng Fang, D. Lo, Xin Xia, Xiaohong Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ESEM.2017.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESEM.2017.48","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Software defect models can help software quality assurance teams to allocate testing or code review resources. A variety of techniques have been used to build defect prediction models, including supervised and unsupervised methods. Recently, Yang et al. [1] surprisingly find that unsupervised models can perform statistically significantly better than supervised models in effort-aware change-level defect prediction. However, little is known about relative performance of unsupervised and supervised models for effort-aware file-level defect prediction. Goal: Inspired by their work, we aim to investigate whether a similar finding holds in effort-aware file-level defect prediction. Method: We replicate Yang et al.'s study on PROMISE dataset with totally ten projects. We compare the effectiveness of unsupervised and supervised prediction models for effort-aware file-level defect prediction. Results: We find that the conclusion of Yang et al. [1] does not hold under within-project but holds under cross-project setting for file-level defect prediction. In addition, following the recommendations given by the best unsupervised model, developers needs to inspect statistically significantly more files than that of supervised models considering the same inspection effort (i.e., LOC). Conclusions: (a) Unsupervised models do not perform statistically significantly better than state-of-art supervised model under within-project setting, (b) Unsupervised models can perform statistically significantly better than state-ofart supervised model under cross-project setting, (c) We suggest that not only LOC but also number of files needed to be inspected should be considered when evaluating effort-aware filelevel defect prediction models.","PeriodicalId":213866,"journal":{"name":"2017 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM)","volume":"65 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124638225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 65