Revista De Biologia Tropical最新文献

{"title":"Embriogénesis, desarrollo larval y sobrevivencia post-asentamiento del coral Orbicella annularis (Scleractinia: Merulinidae)","authors":"E. M. Alvarado-Chacon, Rocío García-Ureña, Silvia L. Sierra-Escrigas, Marco A. Garzón-Machado, Juan C. Zárate-Arévalo, Nireth Sierra-Sabalza, Cesar Cely, Natalia Rincón-Díaz","doi":"10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71is1.54793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71is1.54793","url":null,"abstract":"Introducción: Las poblaciones del coral Orbicella annularis han mostrado bajo reclutamiento en el Caribe. Uno de los cuellos de botella demográficos es la alta mortalidad en las primeras etapas de desarrollo. El conocimiento detallado del ciclo y las tasas de supervivencia de estas fases nos permitirá ayudar en la recuperación de la población y la restauración de los arrecifes. \u0000Objetivo: Describir la embriogénesis y estadios larvarios obtenidos por fertilización asistida y medir las tasas de asentamiento y supervivencia de las larvas en sustratos artificiales, antes de ser trasplantadas al arrecife. \u0000Métodos: Seis días después de la luna llena de septiembre de 2021, se recolectaron bolsas de gametos de ocho colonias de O. annularis en el Parque Nacional Natural Los Corales del Rosario y San Bernardo, Colombia, y se llevaron al laboratorio. Se realizó fecundación cruzada, se siguió el desarrollo embrionario y larvario hasta el asentamiento larval y se registró supervivencia hasta el día 41. Las larvas se mantuvieron en tres tanques con agua de mar filtrada con 126 sustratos marcados, previamente acondicionados con algas coralináceas costrosas. Luego, los sustratos se trasplantaron al arrecife. \u0000Resultados: El inicio del desarrollo embrionario ocurrió 1.11 hAF (horas después de la fertilización), cuando las células mostraron signos de la primera división, y duró hasta 104.59 hAF cuando comenzaron a metamorfosearse. El asentamiento de larvas se observó al sexto día AF. Veintiún días después de la fecundación se encontraron zooxantelas. La supervivencia de las larvas después del asentamiento fue de 27.5 %. \u0000Conclusión: En este primer esfuerzo de propagación sexual utilizando O. annularis en Colombia, 1.4 % de larvas competentes completaron todo el proceso de desarrollo. Aunque la tasa de supervivencia fue baja, estos resultados se suman a los esfuerzos de restauración de corales en el Caribe en los que se ayuda a las especies a aumentar la supervivencia de los corales en sus primeras etapas de desarrollo.","PeriodicalId":21368,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Biologia Tropical","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42071217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nursery-reared coral outplanting success in an upwelling-influenced area in Costa Rica","authors":"Sònia Fabregat-Malé, Sebastián Mena, J. Alvarado","doi":"10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71is1.54879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71is1.54879","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Environmental and intrinsic factors such as seawater temperature, salinity, nutrient concentration, upwelling, species, and life history can influence coral outplant survival and growth, and in consequence, the effectiveness of restoration. Thus, it is key to understand how these factors can shape coral outplant performance to ensure the long-term success of a restoration program.  \u0000Objective: To establish the survival and growth rate of outplanted coral nursery-reared colonies of branching Pocillopora spp. and massive corals Pavona gigantea, Pavona clavus, and Porites lobata in Bahía Culebra, North Pacific of Costa Rica, and to determine whether the site of origin of the coral fragment and the presence of seasonal upwelling affected the growth of Pocillopora outplants.  \u0000Methods: From September 2020 to September 2021, we monitored the survival, health, and growth of 30 Pocillopora spp. colonies from six donor sites, and 31 fragments of massive species (P. gigantea [n = 18], P. clavus [n = 8], P. lobata [n = 5]) that were outplanted to a degraded reef. We recorded in situ seawater temperature, salinity, and nutrient concentration.  \u0000Results: By the end of the year, 100 % of the Pocillopora spp. outplants survived. Survival was 71.4 % for P. clavus, 47.5 % for P. gigantea, and 20 % for P. lobata. Coral tissue loss and predation marks were observed at least once in 71 % of massive outplants. Pocillopora spp. colonies increased their initial area in 333.1 %, at a rate of 9.98 ± 1.69 cm yr-1. The site of origin of the outplant influenced growth rate, but not the presence of seasonal upwelling. Massive species fragments grew at a rate of 1.35 ± 0.24 cm yr-1 for P. clavus, 1.48 ± 0.21 cm yr-1 for P. gigantea, and 0.61 cm yr-1 for P. lobata, with no differences among them.  \u0000Conclusions: Environmental conditions at site level allow for high survival and growth of Pocillopora spp. outplants, previously considered as sensitive to stressors, and point towards acclimation to seasonal upwelling. Although survival of massive species was lower, developing a multi-species approach is key to enhance restoration success.","PeriodicalId":21368,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Biologia Tropical","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42253836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The contribution of assisted coral restoration to calcium carbonate production in Eastern Pacific reefs","authors":"J. J. A. Tortolero-Langarica, A. Rodríguez-Troncoso, L. Álvarez‐Filip, A. Cupul-Magaña, J. Carricart-Ganivet","doi":"10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71is1.54849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71is1.54849","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hermatypic corals have the capacity to construct the physical reef-framework and maintain the balance of coral reef functionality. However, in the past three decades, coral communities have been menaced by natural and anthropic pressures, resulting in an abrupt coral cover decline, and slow natural recovery.  To mitigate coral reef collapse, assisted restoration techniques has been implemented and improved worldwide, However, the long-term effects of such interventions on ecological attributes have been scarcely reported.  \u0000Objective: This study evaluated the effect of assisted coral intervention on calcium carbonate production (kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1) and ecological volume (cm3) yielded by branching and massive corals from the central Mexican Pacific.  \u0000Methods: We used colony size, extension rate, and skeletal density measurements of direct outplanted Pocillopora and Pavona coral species to calculate coral carbonate production, ecological volume, and model their long-term potential.  \u0000Results: Coral carbonate produced after one-year of outplanting increased by 42 % (1.17 kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1), where Pocillopora spp. and Pavona clavus corals contribute with 0.97 and 0.20 kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1, respectively. The ecological volume also increased by 384 cm3 for Pocillopora and 56 cm3 for Pavona after one year period. Furthermore, the results suggest that long-term coral restoration actions (10 years) have the potential to significantly increase carbonate production.  \u0000Conclusions: our data indicate that coral restoration initiatives have the potential to help mitigate the current low calcium carbonate production of Mexican Pacific reefs and may significantly contribute to the long-term maintenance of reef-framework based on ecological engineering tools, such initiatives represent essential functional properties related to reef ecosystem services provision.","PeriodicalId":21368,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Biologia Tropical","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45810074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards reef restoration in Zihuatanejo, Guerrero, México: lessons learned","authors":"H. Nava, A. González‐Rodríguez, Nemer E. Narchi, Ana Crisol Méndez-Medina, Yurixhi Maldonado-López, María Angeles Cárdenas-Alvarado, Antonieta Gina Figueroa-Camacho, Huran Tonalli Drouet-Cruz, Néstor Corona-Morales","doi":"10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71is1.54792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71is1.54792","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Coral reef structures in Zihuatanejo, Guerrero are well-preserved. The coverage of living corals, near 60 % at several locations, makes them comparable to other coral reefs in the states of Oaxaca, Jalisco, and Nayarit and with high potential to promote their conservation. \u0000Objective: To present the outcome of 12 years of research in coral communities from Zihuatanejo, Guerrero, as a justifying argument for the current conservation efforts in the area. \u0000Methods: We developed a baseline on the conservation status of the reef structures, bioerosion processes and the source of major natural and anthropogenic impacts. We assessed the genetic diversity of the coral zooxanthellae symbionts, the outcome of a technique of coral transplantation to recover the coverage of living corals and the local ecological knowledge to involve local inhabitants to promote conservation. \u0000Results: At least five coral reefs remain exposed to a medium-low level of impact by bioerosion and anthropization. Coral transplantation experiments made in the area showed records of transplant survival nearing 90 %. Although the warming of the sea surface temperature that occurred during the El Niño of 2015-2016 caused coral bleaching and mortality in several coral populations in this area, there were no affectations attributed to this phenomenon in other locations. This response was not related to the level of exposure to anthropogenic impacts, and the presence of thermal resistant zooxanthellae was assessed using molecular tools, confirming the existence of zooxanthellae of the genus Durusdinium. The analysis of local ecological knowledge of the inhabitants of Zihuatanejo showed that they keep elaborate knowledge on the ecology of coral reefs. This is complemented with scientific knowledge that will encourage community participation in conservation strategies. \u0000Conclusions: A long-term multidisciplinary strategy is required for coral reef conservation that encompasses: 1) assessing the role of the overall holobiont in the thermal resistance of corals from this area and 2) establishing restoration strategies of coral reefs that include the local knowledge about marine ecology, for the establishment of coral reef protection and management schemes put in place by local inhabitants.","PeriodicalId":21368,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Biologia Tropical","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47569119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eventos de blanqueamiento del coral Porites lobata (2006-2022) y actividades de restauración en el sitio Ramsar “Complejo Los Cóbanos”, El Salvador","authors":"José Enrique Barraza","doi":"10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71is1.54739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71is1.54739","url":null,"abstract":"Introducción: El blanqueamiento global coralino refleja la fragilidad del coral a condiciones ambientales adversas y al cambio climático. Porites lobata es la especie de coral hermatípico más abundante actualmente en El Salvador y ha experimentado eventos de blanqueamiento recientes en el área natural protegida Complejo Los Cóbanos. \u0000Objetivo: Describir los episodios de blanqueamiento que colonias de P. lobata experimentaron en Los Cóbanos, El Salvador, durante los últimos 18 años, y analizar los esfuerzos de restauración de coral. \u0000Métodos: Aproximadamente 2 100 imágenes (2006 - 2022) tomadas sin periodicidad específica de dos sitios fueron revisadas. Parámetros del agua desde 2014 fueron registradas sin una periodicidad temporal definida. Las áreas de estudio fueron son playa El Faro y colonias submareales cerca de un importante resort de playa. La primera área presentó colonias dispersas en una zona intermareal, la otra, colonias más grandes a 2 m de profundidad en marea baja. También, revisar literatura acerca de actividades para restaurar arrecifes dentro del país. \u0000Resultados: Varios eventos de blanqueamiento ocurrieron durante este período de observación. Algunos de ellos podrían estar asociados a temperaturas altas del agua de mar (> 30 o C) de mayo a octubre (estación lluviosa), floraciones algales nocivas, así como causas desconocidas. Varios blanqueamientos que causaron pérdida de cobertura de coral en las colonias intermareales ocurrieron durante el evento global (2015-2016). \u0000Conclusiones: Blanqueamiento en el Complejo los Cóbanos ocurre en diferentes patrones de intensidad durante la estación lluviosa que comprende niveles de alta temperatura y turbidez en el agua, así como floraciones algales. El episodio de 2015-2016 causó pérdida de cobertura de coral en las colonias intermareales y las submareales experimentaron pequeños daños permanentes (< 5 % mortalidad). Las políticas de restauración nacionales requieren más esfuerzos estratégicos considerando la hidrodinámica y las capacidades institucionales locales.","PeriodicalId":21368,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Biologia Tropical","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41526180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deforestation increases the abundance of rodents and their ectoparasites in the Lacandon forest, Southern Mexico","authors":"María Lourdes Barriga-Carbajal, Margarita Vargas-Sandoval, E. Mendoza","doi":"10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.31785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.31785","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: An important ecosystem service tropical forests provide is disease control. However, few studies have focused on analyzing how species more suitable to be zoonotic vectors are affected by deforestation. Objective: We evaluated how deforestation affects the abundance and species richness of rodents and their associated ectoparasites in Marques de Comillas, Chiapas, Southern Mexico. Methods: We captured rodents in 6 landscape units (LU), 1 km² each, with different percentages of tree cover (0.7, 5, 40, 46, 78, and 95 %). In each LU we set 90 Sherman traps that remained active 24 hours for 7 days during two sampling seasons in October 2019, and September 2020. All the captured rodents were checked for ectoparasites in their fur, which were collected to be identified at the lab. Results: We captured 70 rodents of five species: Sigmodon toltecus, Heteromys desmarestianus, Ototylomys phyllotis, Peromyscus mexicanus, and Oryzomys couesi. Rodent abundance increased with forest loss (R² = 0.706, P = 0.022). The greatest richness of rodent species occurred in sites with intermediate forest cover (40 % and 78 %). The most abundant species were S. toltecus (N = 45) followed by O. couesi (N = 9), these species dominated in sites with less forest cover. We recorded a total of 23 different ectoparasites, from these we identified 15 at the species level and eight at the genus level. We detected three species of ectoparasites (Amblyomma sp., Ornithonyssus bacoti, and Androlaelaps fahrenholzi) known to be vectors of zoonotic diseases. Conclusions: We found that the ongoing loss of forests promotes the proliferation of zoonotic disease vectors, which can potentially increase the frequency of affectation among the local population.","PeriodicalId":21368,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Biologia Tropical","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47300236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efecto de factores sociodemográficos en la mortalidad del COVID-19 en Costa Rica: un enfoque geográfico","authors":"Roger Bonilla-Carrión, Ronald Evans-Meza, Roberto Salvatierra-Durán","doi":"10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.51679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.51679","url":null,"abstract":"Introducción: La enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) se ha extendido entre la población de todo el país y ha tenido un gran impacto a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, existen diferencias geográficas importantes en la mortalidad de COVID-19 entre las diferentes regiones del mundo y en Costa Rica. Objetivo: El objetivo principal de este artículo fue explorar el efecto de algunos de los factores sociodemográficos en la mortalidad de COVID-19 en los cantones de Costa Rica. Métodos: Se obtuvieron datos acerca de la mortalidad del COVID-19 e información sociodemográfica en los cantones del país. El modelo epidemiológico para COVID19 de regresión clásico de Poisson de la familia de modelos lineales generalizados (GLM) se comparó con el modelo de regresión ponderada geográficamente (GWR). Resultados: En comparación con el modelo de regresión GLM, se obtuvo un criterio de información de Akaike (AIC) significativamente más bajo en el modelo GWR (927.1 en GLM versus 358.4 en GWR), lo que significa que el modelo GWR es un modelo que explica mejor la mortalidad del COVID-19. Los cantones con una densidad poblacional más elevada, bienestar material más alto, proporción de cobertura de salud más bajo y que están ubicadas en el área del Pacífico de Costa Rica, tuvieron un mayor riesgo de mortalidad por COVID-19 que el resto de los cantones del país. Conclusiones: Existen algunos efectos potenciales de los factores sociodemográficos en la mortalidad por COVID-19, sin embargo, los hallazgos y la metodología de este estudio podría guiar a otros países a comprender mejor la transmisión local del COVID-19 y diseñar una estrategia de intervención enfocada.","PeriodicalId":21368,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Biologia Tropical","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42373816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rasgos funcionales de frutos con importancia particular para los dispersores de semillas en el bosque seco tropical","authors":"Juan Fernando Acevedo-Quintero, J. G. Zamora-Ábrego, Juan Pablo Chica-Vargas, Néstor Javier Mancera-Rodríguez","doi":"10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.52288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.52288","url":null,"abstract":"Introducción: La frugivoría es un proceso ecológico determinante para la estructuración y regeneración de los bosques. Particularmente en los trópicos, donde la diversidad de plantas y animales frugívoros es alta, y las relaciones interespecíficas son complejas generando redes de interacción donde las especies cumplen papeles funcionales diferenciales. Objetivo: En este trabajo identificamos cuáles son las especies de plantas ecológicamente más importantes en dos redes de interacción en un bosque seco colombiano, y determinamos cuáles rasgos funcionales de los frutos explican esta importancia. Métodos: Para ello se calculó el índice de importancia de las plantas (IIP), a partir de la relevancia de las especies de frugívoros en el mantenimiento de la estructura de las redes con las cuales interactúa cada especie. Dicha relevancia está relacionada de manera directa con el potencial que tienen los animales (aves y mamíferos) de ser dispersores efectivos de semillas. Luego, utilizando modelos lineales generalizados se evaluó cuáles rasgos funcionales de los frutos (tamaño, color, estrato, tipo de pulpa) explican el IIP. Resultados: Dentro de las plantas más importantes se encuentran especies de los géneros Miconia, Ficus, Cecropia, Bursera, Casearia y Trichilia, las cuales han sido identificadas previamente como recursos importantes para los frugívoros en los trópicos. Particularmente en este trabajo, identificamos que las plantas con frutos carnosos, rojos y de menor tamaño benefician a los mejores dispersores potenciales de semillas. Discusión: La alta variación de los valores del IIP sugiere que el conjunto de especies de frugívoros beneficiados por cada especie de planta, tiene un aporte diferencial en los procesos ecológicos derivados de la dispersión de semillas. Esta información es de gran relevancia para la selección de especies con rasgos particulares que favorezcan la recuperación funcional de los bosques a través de programas de restauración ecológica de ecosistemas tan amenazados como el bosque seco tropical (bs-T).","PeriodicalId":21368,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Biologia Tropical","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46493811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of diversity of fishes in an Andean fluvial network","authors":"Daniel Valencia-Rodríguez, J. Herrera-Pérez, David Botero-Escalante, L. García-Melo, Diana Arenas-Serna, Frank Álvarez-Bustamante, Emerson Parra-R, L. Jiménez-Segura","doi":"10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.52183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.52183","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The distribution of freshwater fishes in the Colombian Andes results from the interaction between historical and recent factors. Currently, the Andean landscape is facing rapid transformation processes. However, the knowledge regarding species distribution and environmental requirements is advancing slower than the transformations underway in the fluvial networks. Objective: To understand the conformation of the fish assemblage in the middle and lower Cauca River basin, considering the local environmental context before the construction of the Ituango Dam, and quantifying β diversity and its two components (turnover and nestedness) amongst local fish communities. Methods: 58 localities were monitored during nine years (between February 2010 and November 2018), the period before the dam's operation. The species richness (α-diversity), species turnover (β-diversity), and assemblage composition were estimated for the given localities. Results: 114 species were recorded, representing ~ 49 % of the total richness of known species for the Magdalena basin. The richness distribution showed that the number of species varies among the aquatic environments. Swamps presented the most significant number of species, followed by the Cauca River, while streams had the lowest values of richness. The spatial analyses of β-diversity revealed a high variation component in the study area due to species replacement between the aquatic environments. Conclusions: The implementation of long-term monitoring allowed us to recognize that the Cauca River basin conserves a great variety of species-rich environments. The species turnover indicates a high proportion of endemism or multiple sites with unique species. Finally, our study will serve as a baseline to verify, over time, whether the dam's construction is associated with essential changes in the structure of fish communities.","PeriodicalId":21368,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Biologia Tropical","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45147905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluación del efecto de la actividad truchícola sobre el número de coliformes totales y Escherichia coli, presentes en las aguas de la cuenca alta del río Savegre, Costa Rica","authors":"Marco Retana L., M. Arias-Echandi, Gilberto Barrantes","doi":"10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.52425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.52425","url":null,"abstract":"Introducción: El Desarrollo de la acuacultura de truchas se ha incrementado gradualmente en las tierras altas de Costa Rica. Como resultado de esta actividad las aguas residuales son descartadas, sin ningún tratamiento previo, directamente en los ríos. Como consecuencia de esta práctica, la actividad truchícola puede contaminar severamente el agua de los ríos con bacterias que pueden afectar la salud humana. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la contaminación bacteriana causada por las aguas residuales que se producen como resultado de la actividad truchícola en la cuenca alta de río Savegre. Métodos: Se determinó el Número Más Probable de bacterias coliformes totales y Escherichia coli /100 mL a partir de muestras de agua obtenidas mensualmente (2015-2018) en tres secciones diferentes en el proyecto de acuacultura más grande en la cuenca alta del río. Recolectamos las muestras en la entrada de los estanques para las truchas, a la salida, y 200 m hacia debajo de la salida. Comparamos en número de bacterias entre las tres secciones y entre años de muestreo. Resultados: Se encontró menos coliformes total y E. coli en el agua recolectada justo en la salida del agua de los estanques para truchas. El número de coliformes totales fue mayor en el 2016 y 2017, y el de E. coli en el 2016. Conclusiones: El número de coliformes total y de E. coli es muy alto en el río, pero contrario a lo esperado su número disminuye en el agua residual descartada de los estanques. La contaminación del río es probablemente causada por el agua producida por otras actividades humanas y otros proyectos de acuacultura que se descartada directamente al rio. Podría ser que el mucus producido por las truchas o sustancias liberadas del musgo que cubre la pared de los estanques actúe como agente regulador del crecimiento de las poblaciones de bacterias, como ha sido sugerido en otros estudios.\u0000Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the bacteria contamination caused by the residual water from the trout aquacultural activity discarded directly on the upper drainage basin of the Río Savegre.\u0000Methods: We counted the number of total coliforms and Escherichia coli from samples obtained monthly (2015-2018) at 3 sections of the largest aquacultural development in the upper drainage of the river. We collected samples at the entrance of the fish ponds, at the exit, and 200 m downwards. We compared the bacteria counts among locations and sampling years.\u0000Results: We found fewer total coliforms and E. coli in the water collected just at the exit of the fish ponds. We counted more total coliforms in 2016 and 2017, and more E. coli in 2016.\u0000Conclusions: The number of total coliforms and E. coli is very high in the river, but unexpectedly their number decreased in the water discarded from the fish tanks. The contamination of the river is likely caused by the water produced by other human activities and other aquaculture developments that discard the residual water direc","PeriodicalId":21368,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Biologia Tropical","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43439395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}