Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research最新文献_第8页

Carbon and oxygen dual-isotopes in tree rings indicate alternative physiological responses opted by European beech trees to survive drought stress 树木年轮中的碳和氧双同位素表明，欧洲山毛榉树在干旱胁迫下选择了替代生理反应

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research Pub Date : 2022-11-17 DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2022.2155236

T. Chakraborty, A. Reif, A. Matzarakis, G. Helle, F. Fassnacht, Somidh Saha

{"title":"Carbon and oxygen dual-isotopes in tree rings indicate alternative physiological responses opted by European beech trees to survive drought stress","authors":"T. Chakraborty, A. Reif, A. Matzarakis, G. Helle, F. Fassnacht, Somidh Saha","doi":"10.1080/02827581.2022.2155236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2022.2155236","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Poor drought tolerance of European beech trees raised concerns in Europe. We hypothesized that beech could show an opposite physiological response to the same level of climatic drought with change in edaphic drought. We performed a combined analysis of δ13C and δ18O in tree rings to reveal retrospective temporal physiological responses of trees to drought. The edaphic drought was assessed by quantifying the capacity of soil to store water in plots (classified as “dry” and “less-dry”) near the drought limit of the species in three near-natural oak-beech ecotones in Germany and Switzerland. Neighbourhood competition was quantified. A climatic drought index was calculated from meteorological records and related to the δ13C and δ18O values of the trees. Trees from dry plots showed a higher response to drought and climatic dependency than less-dry plots. Neighbourhood competetion increased δ18O values significantly. Dual isotope analysis shows a tendency of greater stomatal resistance in dry plots and higher stomatal conductance in less-dry plots. We conclude that beech trees belonging to the same population under changing soil water availability can show different physiological responses under climatic drought stress. Our finding indicates the high plasticity of the beech trees to survive drought stress with changing site conditions.","PeriodicalId":21352,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"295 - 313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49436353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Forest roads damage detection based on deep learning algorithms 基于深度学习算法的森林道路损伤检测

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research Pub Date : 2022-11-17 DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2022.2147213

M. Heidari, A. Najafi, J. Borges

{"title":"Forest roads damage detection based on deep learning algorithms","authors":"M. Heidari, A. Najafi, J. Borges","doi":"10.1080/02827581.2022.2147213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2022.2147213","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Currently, forest road monitoring reached a critical stage and need requires low-cost or cost-effective monitoring. Today, smartphones have been used on public roads to identify road deterioration due to benefits such as usability, cost, ease of access, and expected accuracy. The use of smartphones in forest road development by the proposed system is a distributed information system that converts data from enterprise mode to field mode by harvesting and assessing forest road conditions and image processing technologies. The technology proposed in this research allows different information YOLOv4-v5 with improvements to this version including mosaic data augmentation and automatic learning of enclosing frames. In this research, we applied a new hybrid YOLOv4-v5 to the dataset’s general applicability. We assessed the forest road dataset to run an experiment, smartphone images by various aspects of the smartphone images (SI) dataset which is specialized for detecting forest road deterioration. To enhance YOLO’s ability to detect damaged scenes by proposing a new technique that takes information into frames. We expanded the scope of the model by applying it to a new orientation estimation task. The main disadvantage is the provision of qualitative model information on forest road activity and the indication of potential deterioration.","PeriodicalId":21352,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"366 - 375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42779115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effects of site preparation and reindeer grazing on the early-stage success of Scots pine regeneration from seeds in northern Finland and Sweden 场地准备和驯鹿放牧对芬兰北部和瑞典苏格兰松种子再生早期成功的影响

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2022.2136404

Janne Miettinen, V. Hallikainen, M. Hyppönen, U. Bergsten, H. Winsa, Pekka Välikangas, A. Hiltunen, Pasi Aatsinki, P. Rautio

{"title":"Effects of site preparation and reindeer grazing on the early-stage success of Scots pine regeneration from seeds in northern Finland and Sweden","authors":"Janne Miettinen, V. Hallikainen, M. Hyppönen, U. Bergsten, H. Winsa, Pekka Välikangas, A. Hiltunen, Pasi Aatsinki, P. Rautio","doi":"10.1080/02827581.2022.2136404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2022.2136404","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The importance of sufficient soil scarification to ensure the regeneration of Scots pine on sub-dry and more fertile sites has been emphasized in many studies. Here we aimed to study, how site preparation intensity affects the early success of natural regeneration and sowing (bare seeds and seed pellets) of Scots pine with or without the reindeer grazing. The study area was located in northern Finland and Sweden where five site preparation methods were compared: unprepared control, logging machine tracks, Huminmix (mixing the mineral soil and organic layer), disc trenching and intensive disc trenching. In each of these we used direct seeding, seed pellets and natural regeneration. Results revealed that even the lightest site preparation methods can provide sufficient regeneration results while the reindeer grazing limits the optimal regeneration result. Huminmix and even the track of the logging machine could provide satisfactory regeneration results both in direct seeding and natural regeneration. This could facilitate the coexistence of forest management, reindeer herding and other land use forms in the same stands and area. The use of seed pellets needs further research, but it may have potential due to lower consumption of seeds and less need for site preparation.","PeriodicalId":21352,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"338 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42237496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bark composition changes along the trunk of three softwood species: Picea abies, Abies alba Mill. and Pseudotsuga menziesii 三种软木树种:云杉、白冷杉树干树皮成分的变化。孟氏假杉

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2022.2132283

Clément Fritsch, S. Dumarçay, F. Colin, P. Gérardin

{"title":"Bark composition changes along the trunk of three softwood species: Picea abies, Abies alba Mill. and Pseudotsuga menziesii","authors":"Clément Fritsch, S. Dumarçay, F. Colin, P. Gérardin","doi":"10.1080/02827581.2022.2132283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2022.2132283","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the context of global warning, sustainable development, bioeconomy and circular economy, it is of great interest to find better valorizations of by-products of the wood processing industry. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of the longitudinal position on the stem and of the silviculture on bark chemical composition of three softwood species used in wood industry. Bark was sampled at three different heights (top, middle and bottom) on the trunk of four trees of Picea abies, Abies alba and Pseudotsuga menziesii grown under different silvicultural treatments and subjected to analytical procedures to determine holocellulose, lignin, suberin, hemicelluloses, α-cellulose, ash and extractives contents. Contents of the different polymers tend in general to decrease slightly with tree height, while extractives content increased with height. These results were explained by higher amount of outer bark at the bottom of the trunk containing more polymerized materials and more unpolymerized free sugars in the young tissues at the top of trunk. The effect of the silvicultural treatment has been more difficult to characterize. Chemical composition of the bark differs slightly according to the position of sampling along the trunk. Suberin content is particularly important at the bottom of P. menziesii trees.","PeriodicalId":21352,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"314 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42394189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eight-year results of precommercial thinning on growth parameters in Picea orientalis (L.) link stands 8年商业间伐对云杉林分生长参数的影响

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2022.2117410

F. Atar

{"title":"Eight-year results of precommercial thinning on growth parameters in Picea orientalis (L.) link stands","authors":"F. Atar","doi":"10.1080/02827581.2022.2117410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2022.2117410","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The effects of different rates of precommercial thinning (PCT) intensity on the stand developmental parameters in natural Picea orientalis stands were investigated to determine the most suitable thinning rate. The present study was performed in Trabzon province located in the northeastern of Turkey. In PCT plots, four different levels of PCT intensity were applied including control (unthinned), light (1.3–1.5 m spacing), moderate (1.5–2.0 m spacing) and heavy (2.5–3.0 m spacing). The values of diameter and height were measured at the end of the 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018 growing seasons. The results indicated statistically significant (p < 0.05) effects of PCT levels on the diameter, total stand volume and total basal area increments in all periods measured. On the other hand, significant differences were at 99% confidence level for 6 and 8-year height increments. Although the diameter increments increased with increasing levels of precommercial thinning, the height increments did not increase. Also, total basal area increments were higher than in the control in all precommercial thinning treatments, except for the heavy PCT. Considering the best results of measured growth parameters, the early results showed that the light and moderate PCT had the most favorable effect on stand development.","PeriodicalId":21352,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"330 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43484210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Spatial variation of surface soil carbon in a boreal forest – the role of historical fires, contemporary vegetation, and hydro-topography 北方森林表层土壤碳的空间变化——历史火灾、当代植被和水文地形的作用

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2022.2104364

Vilde L. Haukenes, Lisa Åsgård, J. Asplund, L. Nybakken, J. Rolstad, Ken Olaf Storaunet, M. Ohlson

{"title":"Spatial variation of surface soil carbon in a boreal forest – the role of historical fires, contemporary vegetation, and hydro-topography","authors":"Vilde L. Haukenes, Lisa Åsgård, J. Asplund, L. Nybakken, J. Rolstad, Ken Olaf Storaunet, M. Ohlson","doi":"10.1080/02827581.2022.2104364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2022.2104364","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Knowledge about the spatial variation of boreal forest soil carbon (C) stocks is limited, but crucial for establishing management practices that prevent losses of soil C. Here, we quantified the surface soil C stocks across small spatial scales, and aim to contribute to an improved understanding of the drivers involved in boreal forest soil C accumulation. Our study is based on C analyses of 192 soil cores, positioned and recorded systematically within a forest area of 11 ha. The study area is a south-central Norwegian boreal forest landscape, where the fire history for the past 650 years has been reconstructed. Soil C stocks ranged from 1.3 to 96.7 kg m−2 and were related to fire frequency, ecosystem productivity, vegetation attributes, and hydro-topography. Soil C stocks increased with soil nitrogen concentration, soil water content, Sphagnum- and litter-dominated forest floor vegetation, and proportion of silt in the mineral soil, and decreased with fire frequency in site 1, feathermoss- and lichen-dominated forest floor vegetation and increasing slope. Our results emphasize that boreal forest surface soil C stocks are highly variable in size across fine spatial scales, shaped by an interplay between historical forest fires, ecosystem productivity, forest floor vegetation, and hydro-topography.","PeriodicalId":21352,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"287 - 294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44199232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Short-term effects of hardened wood ash and nitrogen fertilisation on understory vegetation in a Norway spruce forest in south-east Norway 硬化木灰和氮肥对挪威东南部云杉林林下植被的短期影响

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research Pub Date : 2022-07-26 DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2022.2104365

T. Økland, J. Nordbakken, N. Clarke, Kjersti Holt Hanssen

{"title":"Short-term effects of hardened wood ash and nitrogen fertilisation on understory vegetation in a Norway spruce forest in south-east Norway","authors":"T. Økland, J. Nordbakken, N. Clarke, Kjersti Holt Hanssen","doi":"10.1080/02827581.2022.2104365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2022.2104365","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 In a fertiliser experiment in a Norway spruce forest in SE Norway, four treatments were applied in a block design with three replicates per treatment. Treatments included 3 t wood ash ha−1 (Ash), 150 kg nitrogen ha−1 (N), wood ash and nitrogen combined (Ash + N), and unfertilised control (Ctrl). Treatment effects on understory plant species numbers, single abundances of species and (summarised) cover of main species groups were studied. Two years after treatment there were no significant changes for species numbers or abundances of woody species, dwarf shrubs or pteridophytes, nor for Sphagnum spp. in the bottom layer. The cover of graminoids decreased in Ctrl plots. Herb cover increased significantly in Ash + N and N plots due to the increase of Melampyrum sylvaticum. In Ash + N plots, mosses decreased significantly in species number, while their cover increased. Moss cover also decreased significantly in N plots. The species number and cover of hepatics decreased significantly in Ash and Ash + N plots. Hepatics cover also decreased in Ctrl plots. Both the lichen number and cover decreased in Ash + N plots. Single species abundances decreased for many bryophytes in fertilised plots. To conclude, fertilisation had modest effects on vascular plants, while bryophytes were more strongly affected, especially by Ash + N.","PeriodicalId":21352,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"320 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44461010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Co-registration of multi-sensor UAV imagery. Case study: Boreal forest areas 多传感器无人机图像的协同配准。案例研究:北方森林地区

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research Pub Date : 2022-05-19 DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2022.2084563

P. Martínez-Carricondo, F. Carvajal-Ramírez, F. Agüera-Vega

{"title":"Co-registration of multi-sensor UAV imagery. Case study: Boreal forest areas","authors":"P. Martínez-Carricondo, F. Carvajal-Ramírez, F. Agüera-Vega","doi":"10.1080/02827581.2022.2084563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2022.2084563","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Monitoring the regeneration process of a forest is an important part of forestry management. Compared to traditional methods of counting tree species, UAVs have been a revolutionary means of saving time and costs due to the temporal and spatial flexibility of data collection. In turn, the integration of multispectral cameras allows the traditional vegetation indices that have been used with satellite imagery to be obtained. However, data from multispectral cameras must be combined with data from other types of sensors, such as RGB. It is therefore necessary to co-register all the information in order to obtain combined vegetation indices and carry out segmentation processes that allow the identification of the different tree species. In this study, the coordinate transformation methods available in QGIS software through the georeferencer plugin are evaluated. It also studies the influence of the number and distribution of control points on the accuracy of the transformation. It is concluded that of the transformation methods studied, TPS transformation has the highest accuracy with an MAE of 0.9 pixels and a deviation of 0.6 pixels, providing a minimum of 10 control points and a stratified or edge distribution.","PeriodicalId":21352,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"227 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43744325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cost-effectiveness and optimization of the forest types investment structure of the Grain for Green Project: a case study of Shaanxi Province, China 退耕还林工程林型投资结构的成本效益与优化——以陕西省为例

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research Pub Date : 2022-05-19 DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2022.2083223

Shuohua Liu, Han Zhang, Zhenmin Ding, Shunbo Yao

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness and optimization of the forest types investment structure of the Grain for Green Project: a case study of Shaanxi Province, China","authors":"Shuohua Liu, Han Zhang, Zhenmin Ding, Shunbo Yao","doi":"10.1080/02827581.2022.2083223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2022.2083223","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The new round of the Grain for Green Project (GGP) has unified the subsidy standards for economic and ecological forests. However, due to the difference between the afforestation density effect and management effect, the project’s ecological effect is different. Uniform payment standards may decouple afforestation investment from its ecological benefits, consequently affecting the cost-effectiveness of investment. This study combines a geographic information system and remote sensing technology to explore the optimal forest types investment structure of the GGP from the cost-effectiveness perspective. We used dynamic panel models to estimate the number of lag periods for species investment and an individual fixed-effects model to estimate the optimal structure of species investment. The conclusions are as follows: The lag period of the effect of ecological forest investment on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is shorter than that of economic forest investment. When the proportion of ecological forest investment is 53%−62%, the unit investment in afforestation leads to the largest NDVI. This study promotes the process of vegetation restoration effects from phenomenological analysis to mechanism analysis and incorporates forest types characteristics and natural meteorological factors into the afforestation investment efficiency evaluation system, providing a theoretical basis for GGP optimization.","PeriodicalId":21352,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"241 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47750155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of ruts on the physical properties of Gleyic Retisols after logging machinery passage 车辙对伐木机械通道后Gleyic Retisol物理性能的影响

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research Pub Date : 2022-05-19 DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2022.2085785

A. Ilintsev, E. Nakvasina, L. Högbom, A. Bogdanov

{"title":"Influence of ruts on the physical properties of Gleyic Retisols after logging machinery passage","authors":"A. Ilintsev, E. Nakvasina, L. Högbom, A. Bogdanov","doi":"10.1080/02827581.2022.2085785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2022.2085785","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rutting is the main type of deep soil disturbance caused by clear-felling operations. Here, we evaluated basic soil physical properties in ruts at various soil depths after the passage of logging machinery. The present study was carried out in North Eastern Russia. In total, we measured rut depth at 160 points along wheel tracks, and collected soil samples. Samples (n = 420) from two soil horizons (0–10 cm and 10–20 cm) were taken, both from ruts and from undisturbed soil (control). The correlation analysis showed a direct significant relationship between rut depth and soil bulk density (po = 0.662, p < 0.001). An inverse significant relationship was found between rut depth and total porosity (po = −0.667, p < 0.001), and an inverse moderate relationship between rut depth and the porosity of aeration (po = −0.496, p < 0.001). Similar patterns were observed at a depth of 10–20 cm in the soil layer. The Kruskal–Wallis criterion revealed that the change of the physical properties was lowest in shallow ruts (1–15 cm). In all cases, we found that the physical properties of the control differed from the physical properties of middle (15–30 cm) and deep (>30 cm) ruts. Thus, it is necessary to reduce the formation of middle and deep ruts in particular.","PeriodicalId":21352,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"254 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46103782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1