Md Umar Hashmi, Wael Labidi, A. Bušić, S. Elayoubi, T. Chahed
{"title":"Long-Term Revenue Estimation for Battery Performing Arbitrage and Ancillary Services","authors":"Md Umar Hashmi, Wael Labidi, A. Bušić, S. Elayoubi, T. Chahed","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587562","url":null,"abstract":"Energy storage revenue estimation is essential for analyzing financial feasibility of investment in batteries. We quantify the cycles of operation considering depth-of-discharge (DoD) of operational cycles and provide an algorithm to calculate equivalent 100% DoD cycles. This facilitates in comparing cycles of different DoDs. The battery life is frequently defined as a combination of cycle and calendar life. We propose a battery capacity degradation model based on the cycle and the calendar life and operational cycles. Using equivalent 100% DoD cycles and revenue generated, we calculate the dollars per cycle revenue of storage performing electricity price based arbitrage and ancillary services for load balancing in real time. Using PJM’s (a regional transmission organization in the United States) real data we calculate short term and long term financial potential for the year of 2017. We observe that participating in ancillary services is significantly more beneficial for storage owners compared to participating in energy arbitrage.","PeriodicalId":213523,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125142496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Schwefel, Y. Zhang, C. Wietfeld, Hamed Mohsenian Rad
{"title":"Emerging Technologies Initiative ‘Smart Grid Communications’: Information Technology for Smart Utility Grids","authors":"H. Schwefel, Y. Zhang, C. Wietfeld, Hamed Mohsenian Rad","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587513","url":null,"abstract":"The Emerging Technologies Initiative Smart Grid Communications has originated within IEEE in 2010. This position paper describes the scope and future technology vision for the technical committee and explains how the future committee work will contribute to its realization.","PeriodicalId":213523,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128706739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Cost-efficient Software Testbed for Cyber-Physical Security in IEC 61850-based Substations","authors":"Ghada Elbez, H. Keller, V. Hagenmeyer","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587456","url":null,"abstract":"With the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Smart Grids (SGs), the number and types of attacks targeting the Cyber-Physical Security (CPS) of modern energy systems have been increasing drastically in recent times. Hence, in the present paper, a software testbed is designed and implemented in order to study the CPS of IEC 61850-based electrical substations. It is entirely based on (mostly open-source) software simulation, which makes it cost-effective and easy to reproduce. Furthermore, the proposed testbed offers an acceptable level of details/abstraction for both the network and the physical parts as well as the communication between them. First attack scenarios against the communication network of the electrical substations are implemented in this framework with a detailed description of the different steps. Respective results are reported which underpin the potential of the proposed simulation testbed, also for designing respective countermeasures for the CPS of SGs.","PeriodicalId":213523,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114860003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdullah Albarakati, Bassam Moussa, M. Debbabi, A. Youssef, B. Agba, Marthe Kassouf
{"title":"OpenStack-Based Evaluation Framework for Smart Grid Cyber Security","authors":"Abdullah Albarakati, Bassam Moussa, M. Debbabi, A. Youssef, B. Agba, Marthe Kassouf","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587420","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid evolution of the power grid into a smart one calls for innovative and compelling means to experiment with the upcoming expansions, and analyze their behavioral response under normal circumstances and when targeted by attacks. Such analysis is fundamental to setting up solid foundations for the smart grid. Smart grid Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) co-simulation environments serve as a key approach to answer questions on the systems components, functionality, security concerns along with analysis of the system outcome and expected behavior. In this paper, we introduce a HIL co-simulation framework capable of simulating the smart grid actions and responses to attacks targeting its power and communication components. Our testbed is equipped with a real-time power grid simulator, and an associated OpenStack-based communication network. Through the utilized communication network, we can emulate a multitude of attacks targeting the power system, and evaluating the grid response to those attacks. Moreover, we present different illustrative cyber attacks use cases, and analyze the smart grid behavior in the presence of those attacks.","PeriodicalId":213523,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117012473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prashant Anantharaman, Kartik Palani, Rafael Brantley, Galen Brown, S. Bratus, Sean W. Smith
{"title":"PhasorSec: Protocol Security Filters for Wide Area Measurement Systems","authors":"Prashant Anantharaman, Kartik Palani, Rafael Brantley, Galen Brown, S. Bratus, Sean W. Smith","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587501","url":null,"abstract":"The addition of synchrophasors to the power grid to improve observability comes at the cost of an increased attack surface: the wide area measurement system. A common source of zero-days, that can be used to exploit the system, is improper input validation. The strict availability and timing requirements of the grid make it critical that input validation be done right and in a timely fashion. PhasorSec is a hardened security filter for the synchrophasor communication protocol, C37.118. PhasorSec is built using language theoretic principles which treat all input as a language with a specific grammar that defines what input must be accepted. An open-source version of the prototype is provided and evaluation in terms of CPU-time show that it is possible to meet the strict latency requirements. Experiments also demonstrate its effectiveness against the state-of-the-art AFL fuzzer.","PeriodicalId":213523,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","volume":"16 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130634135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Demand Charge and Response with Energy Storage","authors":"K. Nakayama, Ratnesh K. Sharma","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587592","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial and industry (C& I) customers incur two types of electricity charges on their bills: one for the amount of energy usage and another one for the maximum demand during certain billing periods. The second charge type is known as Demand Charge (DC), which could account for over half of a customers' electricity bill. Those C& I customers often sign up for Demand Response (DR) programs to contribute to peak demand reduction as well as to receive incentives and rewards from participating in the programs. The critical factor of achieving both DR and DC reduction is to recognize the nature of these two types of problems and create an effective strategy that can handle them at the same time by which the benefits from DR incentives and DC reduction are maximized. This paper discusses the possible DR scenarios with DC reduction framework for C& I customers who use a Behind-the-Meter (BTM) energy storage and proposes a consistent real-time procedure of deciding battery's charging and discharging set points to solve the problem of maximizing the rewards by conducting DRs as well as the savings by reducing DC costs.","PeriodicalId":213523,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129840321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of time interval alignment on data quality in electricity grids","authors":"H. Schwefel, Imad Antonios, L. Lipsky","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587570","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements of parameters in electricity grids are frequently average values over some time interval. In scenarios of distributed measurements such as in distribution grids, offsets of local clocks can result in the averaging interval being misaligned. This paper investigates the properties of the so-called time alignment error of such measurands that is caused by shifts of the averaging interval. A Markov model is derived that allows for numerically calculating the expected value and other distribution properties of this error. Actual consumption measurements of an office building are used to study the behavior of this time alignment error, and to compare the results from the trace with numerical results and simulations from a fitted Markov model. For increasing averaging interval offset, the time alignment error approaches a normal distribution, whose parameters can be calculated or approximated from the Markov model.","PeriodicalId":213523,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124585418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Mashima, Binbin Chen, T. Zhou, R. Rajendran, B. Sikdar
{"title":"Securing Substations through Command Authentication Using On-the-fly Simulation of Power System Dynamics","authors":"D. Mashima, Binbin Chen, T. Zhou, R. Rajendran, B. Sikdar","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587604","url":null,"abstract":"There are increasing concerns that cyber attackers may inject malicious remote control commands into smart grid systems, as witnessed in the Ukraine incidents in 2015 and 2016 and the recent CrashOverride malware campaign. To counter such risks, command authentication mechanisms, which evaluate the legitimacy and validity of each remote control command based on the up-to-date power grid status and context, can be deployed near the edge of smart grid infrastructure (e.g., in substations) as an additional line of defense. However, many of the state-of the-art command authentication schemes only utilize steady-state power flow information, which does not capture all details of power grid behaviors in the transient state as well as cascading effects. Therefore, they may overlook indication of significant grid instability triggered by malicious commands. In this paper, we propose the use of on-the-fly power system dynamics simulation for command authentication to overcome such limitations. We also discuss system architecture and design considerations on longer simulation latency towards the practical deployment of the enhanced command authentication system.","PeriodicalId":213523,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123027679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Data Models and Protocol Mapping for Reduced Communication Load in Substation Automation with High Sampling Rate Protection Applications","authors":"F. Hohn, L. Nordström","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587426","url":null,"abstract":"In digital substations measurements between instrument transformers and protection systems are exchanged via an Ethernet-based process-level network using the Sampled Value (SV) protocol. At the same time, new protection applications, based on time-domain or travelling-wave signal information, require very high sampling rates, which increases the communication load on the network significantly. The increase of the communication load can be reduced through the concept of Distributed Signal Processing Units (DSPU). This paper proposes data models and suitable protocol mappings for such DSPUs and analyses their impact on the process-level network. The results are compared with the SV approach specified in IEC 61869–9 for digital interfaces of instrument transformers. It is shown that the DSPU concept can reduce the required network bandwidth in the case of high sampling rate protection applications.","PeriodicalId":213523,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129831075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards Commoditizing Simulations of System Models Using Recurrent Neural Networks","authors":"A. C. Yuzuguler, A. Moga, C. Franke","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587599","url":null,"abstract":"System modeling and simulation plays a crucial role in the engineering of large and complex systems from various fields, such as industrial automation or power systems. In this paper, we propose a method that can be used to easily deploy high fidelity simulations at scale, onto various target platforms. Out method is to approximate the behavior of the modeled system using a recurrent neural network. We use artificial neural networks as they easily lend themselves to high performance execution, thus avoiding the need to (manually) translate system models (typically a system of differential equations) to specialized hardware architectures. Moreover, this approach is generic in the sense that it is decoupled from typical modeling and simulation tools, such as Matlab Simulink or Dymola. This paper presents a proof-of-concept neural network architecture including the methodology for training that we used to approximate the behavior of different example systems originating from the electrical power systems domain. We present our evaluation results mainly regarding accuracy and to a certain extent performance on a GPU-based testbed. Furthermore, we detail limitations of the used approach and outline potential directions for research regarding the general applicability of our method.","PeriodicalId":213523,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123842847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}