Schizophrenia Bulletin Open最新文献

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Nonremission Risk Prediction Model in First-Episode Psychosis: An Analysis of 2 Longitudinal Studies.","authors":"Samuel P Leighton,&nbsp;Rajeev Krishnadas,&nbsp;Rachel Upthegrove,&nbsp;Steven Marwaha,&nbsp;Ewout W Steyerberg,&nbsp;Georgios V Gkoutos,&nbsp;Matthew R Broome,&nbsp;Peter F Liddle,&nbsp;Linda Everard,&nbsp;Swaran P Singh,&nbsp;Nicholas Freemantle,&nbsp;David Fowler,&nbsp;Peter B Jones,&nbsp;Vimal Sharma,&nbsp;Robin Murray,&nbsp;Til Wykes,&nbsp;Richard J Drake,&nbsp;Iain Buchan,&nbsp;Simon Rogers,&nbsp;Jonathan Cavanagh,&nbsp;Shon W Lewis,&nbsp;Max Birchwood,&nbsp;Pavan K Mallikarjun","doi":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgab041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schizbullopen/sgab041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychosis is a major mental illness with first onset in young adults. The prognosis is poor in around half of the people affected, and difficult to predict. The few tools available to predict prognosis have major weaknesses which limit their use in clinical practice. We aimed to develop and validate a risk prediction model of symptom nonremission in first-episode psychosis. Our development cohort consisted of 1027 patients with first-episode psychosis recruited between 2005 and 2010 from 14 early intervention services across the National Health Service in England. Our validation cohort consisted of 399 patients with first-episode psychosis recruited between 2006 and 2009 from a further 11 English early intervention services. The one-year nonremission rate was 52% and 54% in the development and validation cohorts, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to develop a risk prediction model for nonremission, which was externally validated. The prediction model showed good discrimination C-statistic of 0.73 (0.71, 0.75) and adequate calibration with intercept alpha of 0.12 (0.02, 0.22) and slope beta of 0.98 (0.85, 1.11). Our model improved the net-benefit by 15% at a risk threshold of 50% compared to the strategy of treating all, equivalent to 15 more detected nonremitted first-episode psychosis individuals per 100 without incorrectly classifying remitted cases. Once prospectively validated, our first episode psychosis prediction model could help identify patients at increased risk of nonremission at initial clinical contact.</p>","PeriodicalId":21348,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin Open","volume":"2 1","pages":"sgab041"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8458108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9253536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OUP accepted manuscript","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgab047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schizbullopen/sgab047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21348,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin Open","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80036301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OUP accepted manuscript","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgab044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schizbullopen/sgab044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21348,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin Open","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83501356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurocognitive Deficits Mediate the Relationship Between Structural Abnormalities and Clinical Outcomes in Individuals With Ultrahigh Risk for Psychosis: A Multimodal Neuroimaging and Longitudinal Neurocognitive Study","authors":"S. Koike, Mao Fujioka, Y. Takano, Norichika Iwashiro, Yoshihiro Satomura, Tatsuya Nagai, D. Koshiyama, M. Tada, T. Natsubori, N. Okada, O. Abe, K. Kirihara, H. Yamasue, M. Suga, K. Kasai","doi":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgab027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schizbullopen/sgab027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Cognitive deficits and improvements have been observed in individuals with ultrahigh risk for psychosis (UHR) over their clinical course, but the relationship between brain structural and functional characteristics, neurocognitive deficits and improvements, and clinical prognosis remains unclear.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 50 UHR individuals were assessed using 129 neurocognitive assessments to explore cognitive deficits and improvements over 3 years. Neurocognitive deficits (intercept) and improvements (slope) were investigated using a general linear mixed model, and their relationship with symptom severity was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale five factor scores. In addition, psychobiological measurements including brain structure, brain activity during a verbal fluency task, and mismatch negativity were also tested. Possible models including the paths from brain structure, brain function, neurocognitive function, and symptom severity outcomes were compared.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The intercept of verbal fluency was negatively associated with negative symptoms at baseline (corrected P = .0001) and at the 4-month follow-up (corrected P = .0016).A model including these relationships exhibited significant paths from the cortical surface area in the right banks of the superior temporal sulcus to verbal fluency (P < .001) and from verbal fluency to 4-month negative symptoms (P < .001), but not from brain activity to negative symptoms (P = .072).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Structural and functional characteristics of the brain may not be directly associated with short-term symptom severity, and these relationships may be partly mediated by neurocognitive function.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21348,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin Open","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78131508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OUP accepted manuscript","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgab035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schizbullopen/sgab035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21348,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin Open","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83286928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sensory Gating Inventory-Brief.","authors":"Allen J Bailey,&nbsp;Alexandra B Moussa-Tooks,&nbsp;Samuel D Klein,&nbsp;Scott R Sponheim,&nbsp;William P Hetrick","doi":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgab019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schizbullopen/sgab019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Sensory Gating Inventory (SGI) is a 36-item measure used to assess an individual's subjective ability to modulate, filter, over-include, discriminate, attend to, and tolerate sensory stimuli. Due to its theoretical and empirical link with sensory processing deficits, this measure has been used extensively in studies of psychosis and other psychopathology. The current work fills a need within the field for a briefer measure of sensory gating aberrations that maintains the original measure's utility. For this purpose, large samples (total <i>n</i> = 1552) were recruited from 2 independent sites for item reduction/selection and brief measure validation, respectively. These samples reflected subgroups of individuals with a psychosis-spectrum disorder, at high risk for a psychosis-spectrum disorder, nonpsychiatric controls, and nonpsychosis psychiatric controls. Factor analyses and item-response models were used to create the SGI-Brief (SGI-B; 10 Likert-rated items), a unidimensional self-report measure that retains the original SGI's transdiagnostic (ie, present across disorders) utility and content breadth. Findings show that the SGI-B has excellent psychometric properties (<i>alpha</i> = 0.92) and demonstrates external validity through strong associations with measures of psychotic symptomatology, theoretically linked measures of personality (eg, perceptual dysregulation), and modest associations with laboratory-based sensory processing tasks in the auditory and visual domains on par with the original version. Accordingly, the SGI-B will be a valuable tool for dimensional and transdiagnostic examination of sensory gating abnormalities within clinical science research, while reducing administrator and participant burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":21348,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin Open","volume":"2 1","pages":"sgab019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/06/2d/sgab019.PMC8369251.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9850522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobile RDoC: Using Smartphones to Understand the Relationship Between Auditory Verbal Hallucinations and Need for Care.","authors":"Dror Ben-Zeev,&nbsp;Benjamin Buck,&nbsp;Ayesha Chander,&nbsp;Rachel Brian,&nbsp;Weichen Wang,&nbsp;David Atkins,&nbsp;Carolyn J Brenner,&nbsp;Trevor Cohen,&nbsp;Andrew Campbell,&nbsp;Jeffrey Munson","doi":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are common in multiple clinical populations but also occur in individuals who are otherwise considered healthy. Adopting the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, the aim of the current study was to integrate a variety of measures to evaluate whether AVH experience varies across clinical and nonclinical individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 384 people with AVH from 41 US states participated in the study; 295 participants (77%) who received inpatient, outpatient, or combination treatments for AVH and 89 participants (23%) who never received care. Participants used a multi-modal smartphone data collection system to report on their AVH experiences and co-occurring psychological states multiple times daily, over 30 days. In parallel, smartphone sensors recorded their physical activity, geolocation, and calling and texting behavior continuously.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The clinical sample experienced AVH more frequently than the nonclinical group and rated their AVH as significantly louder and more powerful. They experienced more co-occurring negative affect and were more socially withdrawn, spending significantly more time at home and significantly less time near other people. Participants with a history of inpatient care also rated their AVH as infused with significantly more negative content. The groups did not differ in their physical activity or use of their smartphones for digital communication.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Smartphone-assisted remote data collection revealed real-time/real-place phenomenological, affective, and behavioral differences between clinical and nonclinical samples of people who experience AVH. The study provided strong support for the application of RDoC-informed approaches in psychosis research.</p>","PeriodicalId":21348,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin Open","volume":" ","pages":"sgaa060"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38874912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 (GPER) as a Novel Target for Schizophrenia Drug Treatment","authors":"D. Macêdo, L. L. O. Sanders, Raimunda das Candeias, C. F. Montenegro, D. D. de Lucena, A. J. C. Chaves Filho, M. Seeman, A. S. Monte","doi":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa062","url":null,"abstract":"The observation that a person’s sex influences the onset age of schizophrenia, the course of the disease, and antipsychotic treatment response suggests a possible role for estrogen receptors in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Indeed, treatment with adjunctive estrogen or selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are known to reduce schizophrenia symptoms. While estrogen receptors (ER)α and ERβ have been studied, a third and more recently discovered estrogen receptor, the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER), has been largely neglected. GPER is a membrane receptor that regulates non-genomic estrogen functions, such as the modulation of emotion and inflammatory response. This review discusses the possible role of GPER in brain impairments seen in schizophrenia and in its potential as a therapeutic target. We conducted a comprehensive literature search in the PubMed/MEDLINE database, using the following search terms: “Schizophrenia,” “Psychosis,” “GPER1 protein,” “Estrogen receptors,” “SERMS,” “GPER1 agonism, “Behavioral symptoms,” “Brain Inflammation.” Studies involving GPER in schizophrenia, whether preclinical or human studies, have been scarce, but the results are encouraging. Agonism of the GPER receptor could prove to be an essential mechanism of action for a new class of “anti-schizophrenia” drugs.","PeriodicalId":21348,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin Open","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73690202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analysis and Meta-regression of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis (CBTp) Across Time: The Effectiveness of CBTp has Improved for Delusions","authors":"K. Sitko, B. Bewick, D. Owens, C. Masterson","doi":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Published research shows small-to-medium effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis (CBTp) on reducing psychotic symptoms. Given the on-going development of CBTp interventions, the aim of this systematic review is to examine whether the effectiveness of CBTp has changed across time. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CENTRAL were searched for randomized controlled trials examining CBTp interventions targeting positive and/or negative symptoms vs treatment as usual. Four meta-analyses were carried out to examine the effectiveness of CBTp for: positive symptoms; delusions; hallucinations; and negative symptoms. Four meta-regressions examined whether the effectiveness of CBTp changed across time for these groups of symptoms. A total of 28 studies (n = 2698) yielded a pooled g of −0.24 (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.32, −0.16, P < .001) favoring CBTp for positive symptoms, with nonsignificant heterogeneity (Q = 26.87, P = .47; I2 =0%); 13 studies (n = 890) yielded a pooled g of −0.36 (95% CI −0.59, −0.13, P = .002) for delusions, with substantial heterogeneity (Q = 31.99, P = .001; I2 =62%); 16 studies (n = 849) yielded a pooled g of −0.26 (95% CI −0.42, −0.11, P < .001) for hallucinations, with nonsignificant heterogeneity (Q = 18.10, P = .26; I2 =17%); 19 studies (n = 1761) yielded a pooled g of −0.22 (95% CI −0.33, −0.12, P < .001) for negative symptoms, with nonsignificant heterogeneity (Q = 20.32, P = .32, I2 =11%). Meta-regressions indicated a significant effect of year on the effectiveness of CBTp only for delusions (F[1, 11] = 5.99, P = .032; R2 = 0.594); methodological quality did not effect this finding. Findings indicate small-to-medium effects of CBTp for psychotic symptoms, with increasing effectiveness across time for delusions.","PeriodicalId":21348,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin Open","volume":"200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80099031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Perceived Impact of Psychosis on Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors","authors":"Kamelia Harris, P. Gooding, S. Peters, G. Haddock","doi":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa038","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 There is evidence showing a link between experiencing psychosis and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. However, individual accounts of the impact of psychosis on suicidal experiences have not been examined in detail. This study aimed to investigate the perceived impact of psychosis on suicidal thoughts and behaviors from the perspectives of individuals with these experiences. Semi-structured interviews with 20 people with non-affective psychosis and lifetime experiences of suicidal thoughts and/or behaviors were conducted. Data were analyzed using inductive Thematic Analysis. Based on participants’ experiences of psychosis and suicidal thoughts and behaviors, 3 themes were identified, including (1) Psychosis experiences are immensely distressing, (2) Changes in behaviors and appraisals of self, and (3) Suicidality as a means of escaping distress. A practical heuristic was proposed, describing a vicious cycle between psychological distress and changes in behaviors and self-appraisals, whereby suicidality was perceived as the only way to escape immense psychological pain. Hallucinations and delusions were central to the development of suicidal experiences. However, certain types of delusions, such as grandiose delusions, were sometimes found to reduce the intensity of suicidal experiences and associated psychological distress. It is necessary to examine the impact of psychosis on individuals, in order to assess the possibility of suicide-related experiences, as certain aspects of psychosis can have an amplifying effect, whereas others can have a weakening effect on those experiences. Minimizing the immense psychological pain experienced by some people with psychosis and the inter-related suicidal thoughts and behaviors is of paramount importance for clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":21348,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin Open","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77168738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}